Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases最新文献

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001145

引用次数: 0

Approach to diarrhea in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. 造血干细胞移植受者腹泻的治疗方法。

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001140

Hebah Ghanem, Geetha Sivasubramanian, Pranatharthi H Chandrasekar

{"title":"Approach to diarrhea in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.","authors":"Hebah Ghanem, Geetha Sivasubramanian, Pranatharthi H Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001140","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001140","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Diarrhea is a frequent and diagnostically challenging complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients, with etiologies ranging from conditioning-related mucosal injury to opportunistic infections. This review highlights the growing role of multiplex PCR-based gastrointestinal diagnostics and presents a transplant phase-specific framework for evaluating infectious diarrhea. The topic is timely given the increasing use of molecular assays and the clinical need for rapid, accurate pathogen identification in immunocompromised patients.Recent findings: Multiplex PCR gastrointestinal panels have improved sensitivity and turnaround time compared to conventional methods, enabling simultaneous detection of bacterial, viral, and protozoal pathogens. These assays have expanded recognition of previously underdiagnosed infections, such as sapovirus and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli , in HSCT recipients. However, limitations include the inability to distinguish colonization from active infection and the exclusion of pathogens such as Strongyloides stercoralis and cytomegalovirus from many panels. Pathogen distribution varies by transplant phase, reinforcing the need for phase-specific diagnostic strategies.Summary: Syndromic PCR-based diagnostics have enhanced the evaluation of infectious diarrhea in HSCT recipients. When interpreted in the context of transplant phase, immune status, and clinical presentation, they support timely and targeted management. Additional testing and assessment of noninfectious causes remain essential for accurate diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"411-418"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children: emerging challenges and opportunities. 儿童肺炎支原体感染的死灰复燃：新出现的挑战和机遇。

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001126

Ruben C A de Groot, Bianca M M Streng, Louis J Bont, Patrick M Meyer Sauteur, Annemarie M C van Rossum

{"title":"Resurgence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in children: emerging challenges and opportunities.","authors":"Ruben C A de Groot, Bianca M M Streng, Louis J Bont, Patrick M Meyer Sauteur, Annemarie M C van Rossum","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001126","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001126","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To summarize recent advances in Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostics, and treatment, since the 2023-2024 global resurgence of M. pneumoniae following the COVID-19 pandemic has provided new insights.Recent findings: The remarkably prolonged reduction of M. pneumoniae infections during COVID-19-related nonpharmaceutical interventions has shed new light on M. pneumoniae transmission, both on an individual and a global level. M. pneumoniae epidemiology showed striking differences in comparison with other respiratory pathogens, including RSV and pneumococcus. We discuss the possible mechanisms behind the delayed resurgence, including waning immunity and the persistence of M. pneumoniae reservoirs. There have been contrasting reports on disease severity with notable differences in severity between children and adults, with young adults showing marked vulnerability. The inability of M. pneumoniae diagnostic tests to differentiate between infection and carriage poses a continuing challenge: in daily clinical practice as well as in the interpretation of study results. Furthermore, several studies report safety and utility for tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones as treatment alternatives to macrolide antibiotics.Summary: The global resurgence of M. pneumoniae following COVID-19 pandemic restrictions has provided a unique opportunity to study its epidemiology and pathophysiology, which has advanced our understanding of M. pneumoniae infections in children.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"468-476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hot topics in pediatric infectious diseases: vaccines, molecular diagnosis, and emerging challenges post COVID-19. 儿科传染病的热门话题：疫苗、分子诊断和COVID-19后的新挑战。

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001134

Asunción Mejías

引用次数: 0

Current opinion on the management of diarrhea in the HIV infected individual. HIV感染者腹泻的管理现状。

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001141

Ram Gopalakrishnan, Praveen Balaguru, Sowmya Sridharan

{"title":"Current opinion on the management of diarrhea in the HIV infected individual.","authors":"Ram Gopalakrishnan, Praveen Balaguru, Sowmya Sridharan","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001141","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001141","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Diarrhea is one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV, especially in low and middle-income countries. We review updates on approach, diagnosis and management of diarrhea in patients with HIV.Recent findings: Duration of symptoms, characteristics of the diarrhea as small-bowel or large-bowel type, presence of constitutional symptoms and current CD4 + cell count are the most important parameters to be noted in the history, and give important clues to diagnosis. Multiple pathogens can co-exist in severely immune compromised patients. Stool microscopy with modified AFB and trichrome stains, though standard, have been largely replaced by multiplex PCR, except in resource limited settings. Computerized tomography scans are helpful when there are constitutional symptoms; and endoscopic biopsy remains the gold standard when noninvasive tests are nondiagnostic. Diagnostic workup can be negative in a subset of the HIV population, which could be due to antiretroviral agents or HIV per se. Treatment involves replacement of fluids & electrolytes and etiology-appropriate antimicrobials. ART should be optimized in all patients, and itself often results in clinical improvement.Summary: Managing chronic diarrhea in HIV positive patients requires a multimodal approach, but is usually successful even in resource-limited settings provided access to ART is available.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"433-441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tropical gastrointestinal infections of contemporary public health importance. 热带胃肠道感染对当代公共卫生的重要性。

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-06 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001142

Carlos Seas, Pedro Legua

引用次数: 0

Dengue encephalitis: what's new? 登革脑炎：有什么新进展？

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001128

Adrian Keith Noronha, Angel Miraclin T, Priscilla Rupali

{"title":"Dengue encephalitis: what's new?","authors":"Adrian Keith Noronha, Angel Miraclin T, Priscilla Rupali","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001128","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001128","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Neurological manifestations of dengue (NeuroDengue) are uncommon but can often mimic those of other tropical infections. This review aims to present new insights on dengue encephalitis, emphasizing pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic challenges. We highlight unique neuroimaging patterns, observed through MRI, which may aid in diagnosing NeuroDengue. The aim is to significantly enhance early recognition and management of this underreported but severe complication of dengue, providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals.Recent findings: Recent research has improved our understanding of dengue encephalitis and the neurotropism of the dengue virus in regions such as the thalamus, basal ganglia, and cortex. Notable MRI findings include the 'double doughnut' sign and microhaemorrhages, although these findings are nonspecific and may also appear in other flavivirus encephalitides. A definitive diagnosis requires a positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PCR for the dengue virus, often combined with antibody testing in both CSF and serum. Additionally, elevated levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in CSF indicate enhanced inflammatory responses, which strengthens the early identification of dengue encephalitis and informs potential management strategies.Summary: Evidence affirms the neurotropic nature of dengue, confirmed by positive CSF PCR results. MRI typically reveals T2 hyperintensities in specific brain areas, along with the presence of micro-haemorrhages, and the 'double doughnut' sign. Recent advancements in diagnostics include analysing CSF dengue antibody indices and neuroinflammatory markers. Dengue serotypes 2 and 3 exhibit heightened neurovirulence, with seizures occurring in 30-40% of cases. While supportive management with fluids is crucial, a subset of patients may benefit from intravenous, immunoglobulin (IVIG) and steroids. Early identification of dengue encephalitis could significantly improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"364-371"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12404627/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human toxoplasmosis: current advances in the field. 人类弓形虫病：该领域的最新进展。

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001130

Anna Beltrame, Kami Kim, Louis M Weiss

{"title":"Human toxoplasmosis: current advances in the field.","authors":"Anna Beltrame, Kami Kim, Louis M Weiss","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001130","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001130","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Human toxoplasmosis remains a significant, yet often underrecognized, global health concern. This review highlights emerging advances in prevention and management, offering timely updates for clinicians and researchers.Recent findings: Recent venison-associated outbreaks in the United States have emphasized the risk of ocular toxoplasmosis and severe disease in immune competent individuals and the need for heightened clinical suspicion. Updated guidelines for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients now recommend systematic screening, qPCR monitoring, and prophylaxis to reduce mortality from Toxoplasma gondii reactivation. Emerging evidence suggests that chronic T. gondii infection may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes, challenging the long-held assumption that chronic infection is protective against these complications. Although the potential association between chronic T. gondii infection and neuropsychiatric disorders remains debated, its public health relevance warrants further investigation.Summary: Improved clinical awareness, applied preventive strategies, and expanded research are essential to mitigate the broader health impact of chronic T. gondii infection. Future well designed studies and rigorous analyses are critical to defining maternal-fetal risks and potential neuropsychiatric effects, providing the evidence needed to update clinical guidelines and inform public health policies.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"392-402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144759409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Management of diarrhea in solid organ transplantation. 实体器官移植中腹泻的处理。

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-13 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001144

Abdullah Alraddadi, Deepali Kumar

{"title":"Management of diarrhea in solid organ transplantation.","authors":"Abdullah Alraddadi, Deepali Kumar","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001144","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001144","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Diarrhea is a common complaint in solid organ transplant recipients. We review both infectious and noninfectious causes of diarrhea and their management.Recent findings: Diagnostics for diarrhea have now commonly incorporated multiplex gastrointestinal panels that provide rapid testing and identification of pathogens. The rate of Clostridium difficile in the transplant population has increased and fidaxomicin is now recommended as the therapy of choice for first episode and recurrences where available. Oral vancomycin remains an alternative. Norovirus is important to rule out in cases of chronic diarrhea. Nitazoxanide has shown mixed results when used as norovirus therapy. SARS-CoV-2, despite being a respiratory virus, can infect gut epithelium and present with diarrhea. Noninfectious causes especially mycophenolate-related as well as inflammatory bowel disease should be in the differential especially when no infectious cause has been identified.Summary: A detailed history, diagnostics including molecular testing and endoscopy, and targeted therapies for infectious causes are the mainstay for management of diarrhea in the transplant recipient.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"403-410"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144834474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Schistosomiasis: a neglected cause of infertility in females and males. 血吸虫病：女性和男性不孕症的一个被忽视的原因。

IF 4 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-21 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001127

Sheridan F Bowers, Friederike Sonnet, Jennifer A Downs

{"title":"Schistosomiasis: a neglected cause of infertility in females and males.","authors":"Sheridan F Bowers, Friederike Sonnet, Jennifer A Downs","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001127","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001127","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Schistosomiasis affects over 250 million individuals worldwide and has been associated with infertility, which can harm the mental, physical, and social well being of individuals. This review aims to summarize the multiple ways in which schistosome infection can affect fertility in females and males, through functional, hormonal, and systemic processes.Recent findings: Schistosome infection causes functional genital tract damage through granuloma formation and fibrosis, which can lead to organ damage and obstruction in the male and female genital tracts. Hormone imbalances caused by the release of estrogen-like metabolites by schistosome worms can dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and disturb the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and male reproductive function. Systemic and local tissue immunologic changes in response to schistosomes may lower sperm and semen quality, hinder implantation in the uterus, or contribute to early spontaneous abortions.Summary: Via an array of mechanisms, schistosome infections can impair both female and male fertility. Studies in this neglected area are limited, and further investigation into disease processes and potential therapies for both females and males are greatly needed.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"385-391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12450428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144689412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0