Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases最新文献

Chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapies going viral: latent and incidental viral infections. 病毒性嵌合抗原受体-T 细胞疗法：潜伏和偶发病毒感染。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001066

Eleftheria Kampouri, Gemma Reynolds, Benjamin W Teh, Joshua A Hill

{"title":"Chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell therapies going viral: latent and incidental viral infections.","authors":"Eleftheria Kampouri, Gemma Reynolds, Benjamin W Teh, Joshua A Hill","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0000000000001066","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Infections are the leading cause of non-relapse mortality following chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy, with viral infections being frequent both in the early and late phases post-infusion. We review the epidemiology of viral infections and discuss critical approaches to prevention and management strategies in this setting.Recent findings: Herpesviruses dominate the early period. herpes simplex virus and varicella zoster virus infections are rare due to widespread antiviral prophylaxis, but cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is increasingly observed, particularly in high-risk groups including B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-CAR-T-cell therapy recipients and patients receiving corticosteroids. While CMV end-organ disease is rare, CMV is associated with increased mortality, emphasizing the need to evaluate the broader impact of CMV on long-term hematological, infection, and survival outcomes. Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) has also emerged as a concern, with its diagnosis complicated by overlapping symptoms with neurotoxicity, underscoring the importance of considering viral encephalitis in differential diagnoses. Respiratory viruses are the most common late infections with a higher incidence after BCMA CAR-T-cell therapy. Vaccination remains a critical preventive measure against respiratory viruses but may be less immunogenic following CAR-T-cell therapy. The optimal timing, type of vaccine, and dosing schedule require further investigation.Summary: A better understanding of viral epidemiology and preventive trials are needed to improve infection prevention practices and outcomes following CAR-T-cell therapies.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Respiratory viral infections in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia and children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 癌症和发热性中性粒细胞减少症患儿以及接受造血干细胞移植患儿的呼吸道病毒感染。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001049

Juan P Torres, María E Santolaya

{"title":"Respiratory viral infections in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia and children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.","authors":"Juan P Torres, María E Santolaya","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001049","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001049","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The scope of this review is to understand the epidemiology and potential role of respiratory viral infections in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia, as well as in children, undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Early detection of respiratory viral infections through molecular diagnostic techniques has allowed recent randomized clinical studies to advance the possibility of more rational use of antimicrobials in this susceptible population.Recent findings: Progress has been made in the early detection of respiratory viruses in episodes of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer. In selected patients who meet specific clinical safety criteria and have negative bacterial cultures, it has been possible to safely and effectively discontinue antimicrobials. This has been validated in recent randomized clinical studies. However, more evidence is still needed for a similar indication in children, undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with viral respiratory infection episodes.Summary: Understanding the role of respiratory viral infections in populations of immunocompromised children may contribute to a more rational use of antimicrobials and, in the near future, may help to decrease antimicrobial resistance in this susceptible population.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing artificial intelligence microscopy to improve diagnostics for soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis: a review of recent advances and future pathways. 利用人工智能显微镜改进对土壤传播的蠕虫病和血吸虫病的诊断：最新进展和未来途径综述。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001048

Peter Ward, Bruno Levecke, Sitara Ajjampur

{"title":"Harnessing artificial intelligence microscopy to improve diagnostics for soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis: a review of recent advances and future pathways.","authors":"Peter Ward, Bruno Levecke, Sitara Ajjampur","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001048","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001048","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This opinion piece aims to explore the transformative potential of integrating artificial intelligence with digital microscopy to enhance diagnostics for soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) and schistosomiasis (SCH), two pervasive neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). By aligning innovative artificial intelligence-driven solutions with WHO's strategic objectives and calls for better, more accessible, and more integrated diagnostics, we highlight the latest advancements that may support improved health outcomes in affected communities.Recent findings: The review covers recent advancements in artificial intelligence-based diagnostic technologies, emphasizing automated egg detection and quantification. These technologies promise to mitigate challenges such as human error and the need for skilled technicians.Summary: The findings have significant implications for public health, ethical considerations and regulatory pathways, particularly in resource-limited settings. The authors advocate for interdisciplinary collaboration and a strategic focus on meeting WHO target product profiles to ensure uptake, ultimately to support reaching WHO NTD targets.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141901208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Malaria in pregnancy: baby steps. 孕期疟疾：小步快跑。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001037

Stephen J Rogerson, Elizabeth H Aitken

{"title":"Malaria in pregnancy: baby steps.","authors":"Stephen J Rogerson, Elizabeth H Aitken","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001037","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001037","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Malaria threatens pregnant women and their babies, particularly in Africa.Recent findings: This century, the number of women at risk of malaria in pregnancy has decreased globally, apart from in Africa, where it has increased. Low and sub microscopic infections are increasingly documented but remain hard to diagnose with current point-of-care tests, and their contribution to morbidity and transmission are unclear. Artemether-lumefantrine has been endorsed for treatment in first trimester, but many women attend antenatal clinics later in pregnancy, and reaching high-risk young, first-time mothers is particularly difficult. Small-for-gestational-age babies frequently result from malaria, which affects the placenta's development and its functions such as nutrient transport. Resistance to continues to increase to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, the mainstay of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy. The alternative, dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine controls malaria better, but does not improve pregnancy outcomes, suggesting that sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine may have nonmalarial effects including improving gut function or reducing dangerous inflammation. Understanding of how the malaria parasite uses the VAR2CSA protein to bind to its placental receptor is increasing, informing the search for a vaccine to prevent pregnancy malaria.Summary: Progress in several areas increases optimism that improved prevention and control of malaria in pregnancy is possible, but obstacles remain.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Immune responses and severe dengue: what have we learned? 免疫反应与严重登革热：我们学到了什么？

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001040

Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige, Graham S Ogg

{"title":"Immune responses and severe dengue: what have we learned?","authors":"Gathsaurie Neelika Malavige, Graham S Ogg","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001040","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001040","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: With the marked rise in dengue globally, developing well tolerated and effective vaccines and therapeutics is becoming more important. Here we discuss the recent developments in the understanding of immune mechanisms that lead to severe dengue and the learnings from the past, that can help us to find therapeutic targets, prognostic markers, and vaccines to prevent development of severe disease.Recent findings: The extent and duration of viraemia often appears to be associated with clinical disease severity but with some variability. However, there also appear to be significant differences in the kinetics of viraemia and nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigenemia and pathogenicity between different serotypes and genotypes of the DENV. These differences may have significant implications for development of treatments and in inducing robust immunity through dengue vaccines. Although generally higher levels of neutralizing antibodies are thought to protect against infection and severe disease, there have been exceptions and the specificity, breadth and functionality of the antibody responses are likely to be important.Summary: Although there have been many advances in our understanding of dengue pathogenesis, viral and host factors associated with occurrence of severe dengue, vascular leak and the immune correlates of protection remain poorly understood.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current challenges in neurocysticercosis: recent data and where we are heading. 神经囊尾蚴病目前面临的挑战：最新数据和我们的方向。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001036

Christina M Coyle, Javier A Bustos, Hector H Garcia

引用次数: 0

H5 and H9 avian influenza - potential re-emergent zoonotic threats to humans. H5 和 H9 禽流感--对人类的潜在再发动物传染病威胁。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001019

Gavin Dabrera

{"title":"H5 and H9 avian influenza - potential re-emergent zoonotic threats to humans.","authors":"Gavin Dabrera","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001019","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001019","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review aims to discuss the current state of human infections with Avian Influenza A (H5) and (H9) viruses, to support awareness of the global epidemiology among clinicians and public health professionals interested in emerging respiratory infections.Recent findings: Among increasing numbers of detections in avian species of Avian Influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b globally, reported human cases of severe infection have been rare.Enhanced surveillance of persons exposed to avian species infected with Influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b in different countries has identified small numbers of asymptomatic individuals with Avian Influenza A (H5N1) detected by PCR from the upper respiratory tract; some of these instances have been considered to represent contamination rather than infection.There have also been recent sporadic human cases of Avian Influenza A(H9N2) internationally, including in China and Cambodia.Summary: Human infections with Avian Influenza A(H5) and (H9) viruses remain of interest as an emerging infection both to clinicians and public health professionals. While maintaining effective surveillance is essential, one health strategies to control infection in avian species will be key to mitigating these risks.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus infection among preterm infants. 早产儿产后巨细胞病毒感染。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001047

Karen M Puopolo

{"title":"Postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus infection among preterm infants.","authors":"Karen M Puopolo","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001047","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001047","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Although there are multiple benefits of mother's own milk feeding for very-low birth weight, low gestation infants, those born to cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seropositive mothers are at risk for acquiring postnatal CMV infection. This review will describe the risk and consequences of postnatal CMV infection among very preterm infants.Recent findings: Postnatal CMV may manifest as clinically silent infection or as mild to severe and occasionally fatal disease. The risk of disease is balanced by the health benefits of human milk feeding to preterm infants. Postnatal CMV infection has been associated with increased risks of multiple preterm morbidities such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis and neurodevelopmental impairment, but current evidence is limited by the selection bias inherent to reporting in case series and retrospective cohort studies.Summary: Knowledge gaps exist regarding the risk-benefit balance of pasteurization to inactivate CMV in fresh breast milk, as well as the optimal dosing, duration and efficacy of treating infected infants with antiviral medications. Multicenter, prospective studies are urgently needed to accurately determine the true burden that postnatal CMV infection presents to very preterm infants. Such studies will inform the need for preventive strategies and treatment guidance.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Babesiosis in immunosuppressed hosts: pathogenesis, diagnosis and management. 免疫抑制宿主的巴贝西亚原虫病：发病机制、诊断和管理。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001038

Howard M Heller

引用次数: 0

No longer stuck in the past: new advances in artificial intelligence and molecular assays for parasitology screening and diagnosis. 不再停留在过去：用于寄生虫学筛查和诊断的人工智能和分子测定的新进展。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001041

Christopher Attaway, Blaine A Mathison, Anisha Misra

{"title":"No longer stuck in the past: new advances in artificial intelligence and molecular assays for parasitology screening and diagnosis.","authors":"Christopher Attaway, Blaine A Mathison, Anisha Misra","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001041","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001041","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Emerging technologies are revolutionizing parasitology diagnostics and challenging traditional methods reliant on microscopic analysis or serological confirmation, which are known for their limitations in sensitivity and specificity. This article sheds light on the transformative potential of artificial intelligence and molecular assays in the field, promising more accurate and efficient detection methods.Recent findings: Artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising tool for blood and stool parasite review, when paired with comprehensive databases and expert oversight result in heightened specificity and sensitivity of diagnoses while also increasing efficiency. Significant strides have been made in nucleic acid testing for multiplex panels for enteric pathogen. Both multiplex and single target panels for Plasmodium , Babesia , filaria, and kinetoplastids have been developed and garnered regulatory approval, notably for blood donor screening in the United States. Additional technologies such as MALDI-TOF, metagenomics, flow cytometry, and CRISPR-Cas are under investigation for their diagnostic utility and are currently in the preliminary stages of research and feasibility assessment.Summary: Recent implementation of artificial intelligence and digital microscopy has enabled swift smear screening and diagnosis, although widespread implementation remains limited. Simultaneously, molecular assays - both targeted and multiplex panels are promising and have demonstrated promise in numerous studies with some assays securing regulatory approval recently. Additional technologies are under investigation for their diagnostic utility and are compelling avenues for future proof-of-concept diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0