Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases最新文献_第3页

No longer stuck in the past: new advances in artificial intelligence and molecular assays for parasitology screening and diagnosis. 不再停留在过去：用于寄生虫学筛查和诊断的人工智能和分子测定的新进展。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001041

Christopher Attaway, Blaine A Mathison, Anisha Misra

{"title":"No longer stuck in the past: new advances in artificial intelligence and molecular assays for parasitology screening and diagnosis.","authors":"Christopher Attaway, Blaine A Mathison, Anisha Misra","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001041","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001041","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Emerging technologies are revolutionizing parasitology diagnostics and challenging traditional methods reliant on microscopic analysis or serological confirmation, which are known for their limitations in sensitivity and specificity. This article sheds light on the transformative potential of artificial intelligence and molecular assays in the field, promising more accurate and efficient detection methods.Recent findings: Artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising tool for blood and stool parasite review, when paired with comprehensive databases and expert oversight result in heightened specificity and sensitivity of diagnoses while also increasing efficiency. Significant strides have been made in nucleic acid testing for multiplex panels for enteric pathogen. Both multiplex and single target panels for Plasmodium , Babesia , filaria, and kinetoplastids have been developed and garnered regulatory approval, notably for blood donor screening in the United States. Additional technologies such as MALDI-TOF, metagenomics, flow cytometry, and CRISPR-Cas are under investigation for their diagnostic utility and are currently in the preliminary stages of research and feasibility assessment.Summary: Recent implementation of artificial intelligence and digital microscopy has enabled swift smear screening and diagnosis, although widespread implementation remains limited. Simultaneously, molecular assays - both targeted and multiplex panels are promising and have demonstrated promise in numerous studies with some assays securing regulatory approval recently. Additional technologies are under investigation for their diagnostic utility and are compelling avenues for future proof-of-concept diagnostics.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141970834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in solid organ transplant recipients. 实体器官移植受者中的盘尾丝菌感染。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001046

John I Hogan, Sapna A Mehta

{"title":"Strongyloides stercoralis infection in solid organ transplant recipients.","authors":"John I Hogan, Sapna A Mehta","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001046","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001046","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Strongyloides stercoralis infection remains of concern due to its high associated morbidity among solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) and the risk of donor-derived infection (DDI). We review key aspects of epidemiology to inform screening for and treatment of chronic infection among organ transplant candidates to reduce the risk of infectious complications in the posttransplant setting.Recent findings: In this work, we offer guidance regarding the optimal management of Strongyloides hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infection and offer recommendations regarding posttreatment surveillance and the potential need for repeat treatment during subsequent periods of augmented immunosuppression. This review also provides updated recommendations for screening of deceased and living donors as recently proposed by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network's Ad Hoc Disease Transmission Advisory Committee.Summary: Risk reduction of Strongyloides infection in the SOTR population can be further enhanced by optimized treatment of infection, posttreatment surveillance during at-risk periods and recent proposed policy shifts to universal donor screening.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Universal versus targeted treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus among neonates presenting for sepsis evaluations. 对接受败血症评估的新生儿进行新生儿单纯疱疹病毒普遍治疗与针对性治疗的比较。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001043

Keerti L Dantuluri, Amina Ahmed

引用次数: 0

La Crosse virus encephalitis in children. 儿童拉克罗斯病毒性脑炎。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001042

Christopher P Ouellette

{"title":"La Crosse virus encephalitis in children.","authors":"Christopher P Ouellette","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001042","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001042","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: La Crosse virus encephalitis (LACV-E) is among the most common neuroinvasive arthropod-borne viral infections of childhood in North America. Children are uniquely predisposed to symptomatic disease, whereas symptomatic adult infections remain uncommon. Infection results frequently in neurologic symptomatology including headaches, seizures, and altered mentation, often necessitating hospitalization and significant diagnostic evaluation. The purpose of this review is to provide a contemporary assessment of clinical, laboratory, and neurobehavioral outcomes of children with LACV-E.Recent findings: Common clinical manifestations at presentation, specifically seizure activity and altered mental status, are independent predictors of disease severity. Epileptiform discharges on electroencephalogram (EEG) during hospitalization may predict long-term epilepsy diagnosis. Lastly, long-term neurologic sequelae from acute infection is persistent and likely under-recognized among children with LACV-E.Summary: As climate change alters the geographic distribution of mosquito borne illnesses, a possibility of regional expansion of La Crosse virus (LACV) endemicity exists. The above data highlight readily identifiable features and testing modalities for clinicians who may encounter this viral infection. Importantly, an emphasis on long term neurobehavioral follow up is necessary to better identify and provide support of affected individuals. Future research in identifying host immune responses to LACV infection, as well as therapeutic options, are needed.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141855098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. vaccination during pregnancy: the placenta leads the way. 孕期感染 SARS-CoV-2 与接种疫苗：胎盘起主导作用。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-31 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001050

Leire Pérez-Latorre, Octavio Ramilo

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection vs. vaccination during pregnancy: the placenta leads the way.","authors":"Leire Pérez-Latorre, Octavio Ramilo","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001050","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001050","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To understand the characteristics and determinants of transplacental antibody transfer against SARS-CoV-2 and to compare the differences between SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.Recent findings: The need for information during the COVID-19 pandemic and the exclusion of pregnant women from randomized clinical trials have led to a vast amount of clinical data primarily based on observational studies with diverse design and sample analyses that yield variable results. This review aims to critically and comprehensively integrate the relevant knowledge related to transplacental transfer of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the differences between infection and vaccination.Summary: Passive immunization is key to conferring protection to the infant during their first months of life. Understanding the mechanisms of transplacental antibody transfer during SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and their associated protection will allow optimizing the implementation of well tolerated and effective preventive strategies for both pregnant women and infants.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New diagnostic strategies to distinguish Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal tuberculosis. 区分克罗恩病和胃肠结核的新诊断策略。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001054

Himanshu Narang, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja

{"title":"New diagnostic strategies to distinguish Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal tuberculosis.","authors":"Himanshu Narang, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001054","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001054","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Despite advances in our radiological, histological and microbiological armamentarium, distinguishing between Crohn's disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis (ITB), especially in a TB endemic country, continues to be a challenging exercise in a significant number of patients. This review aims to summarize current available evidence on novel diagnostic techniques which have a potential to fill the gap in our knowledge of differentiating between ITB and CD.Recent findings: Both ITB and CD are associated with altered host immune responses, and detection of these altered innate and adaptive immune cells has potential to distinguish ITB from CD. ITB and CD have different epigenetic, proteomic and metabolomic signatures, and recent research has focused on detecting these differences. In addition, the gut microbiome, which is involved in mucosal immunity and inflammatory responses, is considerably altered in both ITB and CD, and is another potential frontier, which can be tapped to discriminate between the two diseases. With technological advancements, we have newer radiological modalities including perfusion CT and dual-layer spectral detector CT enterography and evidence is emerging of their role in differentiating ITB from CD. Finally, time will tell whether the advent of artificial intelligence, with rapidly accumulating data in this field, will be the gamechanger in solving this puzzle of diagnostic dilemma between ITB and Crohn's disease.Summary: Recent advances need to be clinically validated before they can be used as novel diagnostic measures to differentiate Intestinal TB from CD.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141897033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leishmaniasis in transplant patients: what do we know so far? 移植患者中的利什曼病：我们目前了解多少？

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001034

Begoña Monge-Maillo, Rogelio López-Vélez

{"title":"Leishmaniasis in transplant patients: what do we know so far?","authors":"Begoña Monge-Maillo, Rogelio López-Vélez","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001034","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001034","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: The number of cases of visceral leishmaniasis associated with transplant-associated immunosuppression has increased in recent years. Reviewing and updating the latest developments in its diagnostic management, treatment, and follow-up is necessary and relevant.Recent findings: Visceral leishmaniasis cases associated with non-HIV immunosuppression are a growing cause of the parasitic infections, and the transplant patients are included in this context. These have been described especially in kidney transplantation. Liposomal amphotericin B is the first-line treatment. Due to immunosuppression, these patients often suffer from recurrent infections. The use of markers that indicate whether the patient has developed an adequate cellular response against Leishmania after treatment seems to be good biomarkers of cure and useful for monitoring and guiding secondary prophylaxis.Summary: There is a lack of consensus regarding the need for leishmaniasis screening in donors and recipients and the indications for secondary prophylaxis. The study of new biomarkers of cure may be useful in all three contexts.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chagas disease in the immunocompromised host. 免疫力低下宿主的南美锥虫病。

IF 3.6 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000001035

Eva H Clark, Caryn Bern

{"title":"Chagas disease in the immunocompromised host.","authors":"Eva H Clark, Caryn Bern","doi":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001035","DOIUrl":"10.1097/QCO.0000000000001035","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To highlight recent advances in our understanding of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in immunocompromised individuals, a condition that is increasingly recognized as populations shift and use of immunosuppressive medications becomes more commonplace.Recent findings: Chagas disease screening programs should include people at risk for both Chagas disease and immunocompromise, e.g. people who have resided for ≥6 months in endemic Latin America who have an immunocompromising condition such as HIV or who are planned to start an immunosuppressive medication regimen. The goal of identifying such individuals is to allow management strategies that will reduce their risk of T. cruzi reactivation disease. For people with HIV- T. cruzi coinfection, strict adherence to antiretroviral therapy is important and antitrypanosomal treatment is urgent in the setting of symptomatic reactivation. People at risk for T. cruzi reactivation due to immunosuppression caused by advanced hematologic conditions or postsolid organ transplantation should be monitored via T. cruzi qPCR and treated with preemptive antitrypanosomal therapy if rising parasite load on serial specimens indicates reactivation. Reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen, if possible, is important.Summary: Chronic Chagas disease can lead to severe disease in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with advanced HIV (CD4 + < 200 cells/mm 3 ) or peri-transplantation.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141533920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress on nonculture based diagnostic tests for invasive mould infection. 入侵性霉菌感染的非培养基诊断测试取得进展。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000001060

P Lewis White

{"title":"Progress on nonculture based diagnostic tests for invasive mould infection.","authors":"P Lewis White","doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000001060","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEWThis review describes the current status of diagnosing invasive mould disease and Pneumocystis pneumonia using nonconventional diagnostics methods.RECENT FINDINGSThere has been significant development in the range of nonculture mycological tests. Lateral flow tests (LFTs) for diagnosing aspergillosis complement galactomannan ELISA testing, and LFTs for other fungal diseases are in development. Rapid and low through-put B-D-Glucan assays increase access to testing and there has been significant progress in the standardization/development of molecular tests. Despite this, no single perfect test exists and combining tests (e.g., antigen and molecular testing) is likely required for the optimal diagnosis of most fungal diseases.SUMMARYBased on established clinical performance few mycological tests can be used alone for optimal diagnosis of fungal disease (FD) and combining tests, including classical approaches is the preferred route for confirming and excluding disease. Next-generation sequencing will likely play an increasing role in how we diagnose disease, but optimization, standardization and validation of the entire molecular process is needed and we must consider how host biomarkers can stratify risk. Given the burden of FD in low- and medium-income countries, improved access to novel but more so existing diagnostic testing is critical along with simplification of testing processes.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142264960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reassessment of the role of combination antifungal therapy in the current era. 重新评估抗真菌联合疗法在当今时代的作用。

IF 3.9 3区医学

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000001063

Chin Fen Neoh,Monica A Slavin

{"title":"Reassessment of the role of combination antifungal therapy in the current era.","authors":"Chin Fen Neoh,Monica A Slavin","doi":"10.1097/qco.0000000000001063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/qco.0000000000001063","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE OF REVIEWGiven the high mortality and morbidity associated with invasive fungal diseases (IFDs), the use of combination antifungal therapies is often considered despite the dearth of data. This review aims to summarize the current state of literature of combination antifungal therapies, discussing the potential roles of newer antifungal combinations and key considerations for their clinical use.RECENT FINDINGSIn infections other than cryptococcal meningitis or in the setting of empirical treatment for suspected azole-resistant Aspergillus infections, the utility of the combination antifungal approaches remains controversial given the paucity of well designed randomized controlled trials. Data on potential combined antifungal treatments have been primarily limited to in-vitro studies, animal models, case reports and/or observational studies. With availability of novel antifungal agents (e.g. ibrexafungerp, fosmanogepix), combination therapy to treat mould infections should be re-visited. A phase 2 clinical trial of ibrexafungerp combined with voriconazole to treat invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is on-going.SUMMARYThere is a need to investigate the use of combination antifungal agents. This includes delineating the indication of these combined antifungal therapies and determining how to use them most appropriately in the clinical setting.","PeriodicalId":10880,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142211853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0