Australian Religion Studies Review最新文献

{"title":"New Religious Movements in Vietnamese Media Discourse since 1986: A Critical Approach","authors":"C. Hoang","doi":"10.1558/ARSR.V25I3.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ARSR.V25I3.293","url":null,"abstract":"Since they appeared, ‘New Religious Movements’ (NRMs) have not only been controversial in the academic realm but also negatively reported by mass media around the world. Journalists’ attitudes towards NRMs have been reflected in the language they use to report on them: stereotyping, bias, sensationalised and unbalanced descriptions and even misinformation feature in media coverage of these movements in Europe, the United States, Australia and China. Interestingly, these problems are also found in the Vietnamese media’s reporting of NRMs as the country’s economy, culture and politics have begun to be globalised. Using Norman Fairclough’s techniques in media critical discourse analysis, and following Sean McCloud’s theses for understanding media presentations of new religions, this article examines Vietnamese journalists’ approaches to and coverage of NRMs. Because NRMs still exist at least for the foreseeable future, I would argue that the Vietnamese media should change its attitudes towards them so that the audience will be effectively informed.","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116535385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Introduction: Religion and Postcolonialism","authors":"P. Bilimoria","doi":"10.1558/ARSR.V25I2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ARSR.V25I2.97","url":null,"abstract":"After the beginning there appeared some stranger texts West’s Orientalism objectified the corpus’s otherness And Modernity’s philology rendered their syntax as his own; Thence followed the postmodern disruption of the aporia Re-citing the alterity and the ousia of the Other’s face; But it awaited the hybrid-angst of postcolonialism’s site Whence the interrupted texts begun miming an-other meaning.","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133575315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Samina Yasmeen (ed.), Muslims in Australia: The Dynamics of Exclusion and Inclusion. Islamic Studies Series, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2010, pp. xi + 330, ISBN 978-0-522-85637-8.","authors":"R. Marcotte","doi":"10.1558/ARSR.V25I2.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ARSR.V25I2.222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125298967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Philosophy in an age of postcolonialism","authors":"J. Prabhu","doi":"10.4324/9781315666792-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315666792-58","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims at a postcolonial critique of the modern academic discipline, ‘philosophy’. For the most part it is seen and regards itself at present as a modern Western discipline founded in its contemporary form by Descartes, a view that overlooks the global history of the field. This essay focuses on two key modern, Western philosophers—Hegel and Husserl—and the legacy they have bequeathed. In critiquing them, the hope is to open the space for philosophy as a cross-cultural discipline, whose universality is achieved in and through a dialogue among equals.","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122284800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting Postcolonialism and Religion","authors":"Morny Joy","doi":"10.1558/ARSR.V25I2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ARSR.V25I2.102","url":null,"abstract":"This essay will review contemporary developments in postcolonialism and Religious Studies. One compelling reason for such a review is that globalization is regarded by many as a contemporary version of colonialism—not necessarily undertaken by nation states, but by international business conglomerates, with similar untoward effects. Particularly, it will survey the effects of globalization and further adaptations that may still need to be undertaken in light of its incursions. It will also be concerned with the alteration in strategies by certain scholars in response to these changes, especially as they affect the understanding of the terms ‘culture’ and ‘gender’. As a concrete example, the current work of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Chandra Talpade Mohanty will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122468824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sikh Dharam and Postcolonialism: Hegel, Religion and Zizek","authors":"B. S. Bhogal","doi":"10.1558/ARSR.V25I2.185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ARSR.V25I2.185","url":null,"abstract":"This article ponders what it would require to rethink Sikh dharam today, given the irreversible transformation that occurred from a (pre-colonial) sikhi to today’s (colonial/modern) Sikhism. Such reassessment is approached through the employment of a third term, sikhi(sm). This third term operates as a postcolonial strategy to foreground the legacy of powerful colonial inscriptions, and in doing so, this study aims to recall how (colonial) power continually affects the production of (modern) knowledge. The article therefore charts not only how Europeans created the modern, and now, ‘world religion’ called Sikhism, but how this mode of naming the other as religious through an abstract conceptualization of religion in general, derives from Hegel and his colonial era—an era where the manufacture of religion as a universal category is simultaneously understood as a racial one. Furthermore, Hegel’s way of confronting difference was through an intellectual/academic project of conceptualizing history as the evolution of religion, and that this way of conceptualizing the other married well with colonial adminstrators that sought to control their colonies. This intellectual project to name the other as being part of a religion and therefore of the past, along with its inherent colonial subjugation, has persisted up to the present—even evident in the critical theory of the Left (Žižek). The persistence of this coloniality in contemporary academic discourse is marked by a mode of enunciation that operates to keep the other at bay and relatively voiceless in their subjugated speech. This subjugation is achieved and maintained through a theory of translation-as-representation; where the difficulty of translation proper (as a real meeting of equals with their varied epistemic centers that are allowed mutually to affect each other) is substituted by one where a singular epistemic center is seen as authoritative, and interacts with the other through orientalist modes of representation only it itself fashions, revealing less a heterolingual dialogue and more a hegemonic monologue. After charting the colonial/modern context, the article then briefly sketches some of the key principles that are required to begin the figuration of a postcolonial sikhi(sm).","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116816147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vedic Science and Modern Science","authors":"Anna S. King","doi":"10.1558/ARSR.V25I1.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ARSR.V25I1.44","url":null,"abstract":"This article raises questions about how non-Christian theologies, especially literalist or ‘fundamentalist’ types, respond to, and join in, the debate over modern science and religion. It focuses attention on the response of Indian religious traditions to one particular theme in the Western discourse on modernity and religion; namely, the notion of rational science as seemingly opposed to irrational religions, and efcacious technology as seemingly opposed to ineffective rituals. It presents the case study of ISKCON, a branch of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, which makes use of these oppositions by classifying its own teachings as scientic, and by asserting that science and religion are ultimately reconcilable because true scientic knowledge can only come from religion. This strategy sustains its position as a universalist religion within a modern environment that appears to be hostile towards religion. This article explores why ISKCON in its public documents adopts largely confrontational attitudes to science and historical and archaeological scholarship, and why, while some of these texts claim to lay out the evidence fully and fairly, they are in general characterised by religious apologetic rather than reason and argument. It examines Prabhupada’s ‘scientic legacy’ in the form of ISKCON’s public and semi-ofcial pronouncements on history, culture and science, and considers the notion that any ethical or theological principle must be consistent with the natural world as we experience it. \u0000 Methodologically this article goes beyond what might be seen as the natural boundaries of religious studies by engaging vigorously with ISKCON’s public stance towards science. It might therefore seem that the author attempts to be theologically normative. However, the aim is not to press a particular (liberal) theological approach, but to clarify ISKCON’s position and to offer a critique. The article argues that ISKCON often conates science with scientism and that its representation of ‘Western science’ is ideologically motivated. ISKCON compares the restrictive and reductive effects of modern scientic paradigms with the harmony brought about by revealed Vedic science. However, this article asks whether ISKCON’s own literalist understanding of Vedic literature and culture is compatible with a positive evaluation of modern scientic achievements. The twenty-rst century may need scientic solutions to a whole range of issues, from global warming to food security, and from ghting crime to developing new medicines. While ISKCON seeks to resacralise the world, it may do so at the cognitive cost of demoting reason and modern science.","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132222582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Netpeace: The Multifaith Movement and Common Security","authors":"Anna Halafoff","doi":"10.1558/ARSR.V24I2.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ARSR.V24I2.127","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis examines how multifaith initiatives have been implemented as cosmopolitan strategies to counter global risks—such as terrorism and climate change—and advance common security in ultramodern Western societies. This study is among the first to employ Ulrich Beck’s (2006:91-94) model of ‘methodological cosmopolitanism’. Consequently, it incorporates a local–global focus, examining the rise of the multifaith movement in Victoria, Australia within a broader ‘global’ framework of Australia, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA). Despite the rise of the multifaith movement and of multi-actor peacebuilding networks at the turn of the 21st century, they have received scant attention in the sociological literature. I aim to address this omission by examining the ultramodern rise of multifaith engagement from the perspective of social movement theory and cosmopolitan theory. I argue that the rise of the multifaith movement in ultramodernity, alongside other social movements of this period, provides a missing narrative within the sociological literature, which is comprised of cosmopolitan peacebuilding religious responses aimed at collaboratively countering global risks. In addition, by documenting these peacebuilding aspects of the ultramodern resurgence of religion, I contribute new evidence to further challenge the secularisation thesis. By drawing on 54 interviews with expert professionals in the field of multifaith relations gathered for this research project and by comparing previously published material with this new data, I identify four principle aims and six characteristics of the multifaith movement, examine the benefits and challenges of multifaith engagement and explain the role of multifaith initiatives in countering processes of radicalisation. Finally, by building upon cosmopolitan theories, I propose a new theoretical framework that I term netpeace. Netpeace recognises the interconnectedness of global problems and solutions and the capacity of multi-actor peacebuilding networks—in which religious actors engage both critically and collaboratively with state actors—to overcome the most pressing risks of our times. This study can thereby assist in building new models of activism and governance, as outmoded, oppositional frameworks of modernity are being replaced by new ultramodern, cosmopolitan possibilities, founded on a politics of understanding modelled by the multifaith movement.","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"137 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131317300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Religious Background to Modern Political Opposition","authors":"Graham Maddox","doi":"10.1558/ARSR.V24I1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ARSR.V24I1.37","url":null,"abstract":"Political opposition not only signifies the respect given to diverse opinion in democracies, but also conveys an Augustinian sense that government, as human institution, is defective and requiring surveillance. The British idea of a constituted political opposition, leading to a settled dialectic between government and opposition, began to form during the American Revolution, especially under pressure of opposition to the war policy. It is a central branch of the secular apparatus of the state, and as such, a stumbling block to fruitful interaction between Islam and the West. Yet a recognition of the religious foundations of modern western institutions could open a path for meaningful dialogue between Muslims and westerners. As midwife to a theory of opposition, Edmund Burke worked under the aegis of the Rockingham Whigs, yet an inchoate notion of opposition was rooted in the uprisings of the previous century, during which one king was tried and beheaded and another deposed and exiled. The overriding motivation for the English Revolution of the 1640s was religious, when biblical sanctions on tyranny were levelled against the king. After the Restoration of the Crown the puritan impulse to revolution was dissipated, but some studies show that this passion was commuted to a ‘Whig’ politics when ‘the Puritan became the Whig’. This paper explores how far religious passions of the seventeenth century were transformed into an impulse for political opposi¬tion in the eighteenth, when the modern institution of political opposition began to take shape","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131715090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Violence, the Political and the Religious: Rethinking Jihad in Western Societies","authors":"K. Mcdonald","doi":"10.1558/ARSR.V24I1.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/ARSR.V24I1.80","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary terrorist violence associated with jihadi movements in Western Europe and North America has been largely explored within existing theories, either of cultural crisis and confrontation (clash of civilization), or as a manifestation of a new kind of cosmic, religious violence. Meanwhile some analysts, and the actors of this violence, frame it as a response to oppression and imbalance of power. This article explores martyrdom as a key dimension of contemporary jihadi violence, and proposes that rather than religious or political, such violence is better understood as an expression of the sublime, evident in the importance of structures of the hidden and the revealed and in its culture of excess and the extreme. This mode of experience helps understand key characteristics of jihadi actors in the West: the culture of conspiracy, practices of repetition, the personalisation of responsibility and the lack of capacity to engage with politics or the state.","PeriodicalId":108795,"journal":{"name":"Australian Religion Studies Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122212442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}