N. Ligterink, A. Riedo, M. Tulej, R. Lukmanov, V. Grimaudo, C. D. Koning, P. Wurz, C. Briois, N. Carrasco, R. Arevalo, W. Brinckerhoff
{"title":"Detecting the elemental and molecular signatures of life: Laser-based mass spectrometry technologies","authors":"N. Ligterink, A. Riedo, M. Tulej, R. Lukmanov, V. Grimaudo, C. D. Koning, P. Wurz, C. Briois, N. Carrasco, R. Arevalo, W. Brinckerhoff","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.782EC4D0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.782EC4D0","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of extraterrestrial life is one the most exciting and challenging endeavors in space research. The existence of extinct or extant life can be inferred from biogenic elements, isotopes, and molecules, but accurate and sensitive instru- ments are needed to detect these species. In this whitepaper we show that Laser- based Mass Spectrometers are promising instrument for the in situ identification of atomic, isotopic, and molecular biosignatures. An overview of Laser abla- tion/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LIMS) and Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LD-MS) instruments developed for space exploration is given. Their uses are discussed in the context of a Mars scenario and an Europa scenario. We show that Laser-based Mass Spectrometers are versatile and technologically ma- ture instruments with many beneficial characteristics for the detection of life. Fu- ture planetary lander and rover missions should be encouraged to make use of Laser-based Mass Spectrometry instruments in their scientific payload.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126279411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vishnu Viswanathan, E. Mazarico, S. Merkowitz, James G. Williams, S. Turyshev, D. Currie, A. Ermakov, N. Rambaux, A. Fienga, C. Courde, J. Chabé, J. Torre, A. Bourgoin, U. Schreiber, T. Eubanks, Chensheng Wu, D. Dequal, S. Dell’Agnello, L. Biskupek, J. Muller, S. Kopeikin
{"title":"Extending Science from Lunar Laser Ranging","authors":"Vishnu Viswanathan, E. Mazarico, S. Merkowitz, James G. Williams, S. Turyshev, D. Currie, A. Ermakov, N. Rambaux, A. Fienga, C. Courde, J. Chabé, J. Torre, A. Bourgoin, U. Schreiber, T. Eubanks, Chensheng Wu, D. Dequal, S. Dell’Agnello, L. Biskupek, J. Muller, S. Kopeikin","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.3dc2e5e4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.3dc2e5e4","url":null,"abstract":"The Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) experiment has accumulated 50 years of range data of improving accuracy from ground stations to the laser retroreflector arrays (LRAs) on the lunar surface. The upcoming decade offers several opportunities to break new ground in data precision through the deployment of the next generation of single corner-cube lunar retroreflectors and active laser transponders. This is likely to expand the LLR station network. Lunar dynamical models and analysis tools have the potential to improve and fully exploit the long temporal baseline and precision allowed by millimetric LLR data. Some of the model limitations are outlined for future efforts. Differential observation techniques will help mitigate some of the primary limiting factors and reach unprecedented accuracy. Such observations and techniques may enable the detection of several subtle signatures required to understand the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system and the deep lunar interior. LLR model improvements would impact multi-disciplinary fields that include lunar and planetary science, Earth science, fundamental physics, celestial mechanics and ephemerides.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125638071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Calypso Venus Scout","authors":"P. Horzempa","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.90B17A81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.90B17A81","url":null,"abstract":"This is a mission to explore the surface of Venus from low altitudes. The Calypso Venus Scout consists of a high-altitude balloon and a instrumented Descent Module (DM). The DM is deployed to an altitude of 10-25 km by means of a Tether where it obtains images, with meter and centimeter scale resolution, and rough IR spectra. It is reeled-in after several hours for a \"cool down\" cycle, then deployed again. The balloon remains at high-altitude with no need to be fortified to survive high-T and high-P of Venus' lower atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120976277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hein, T. Eubanks, A. Hibberd, Dan Fries, J. Schneider, M. Lingam, R. Kennedy, N. Perakis, B. Dachwald, P. Kervella
{"title":"Interstellar Now! Missions to and Sample Returns from Nearby Interstellar Objects","authors":"A. Hein, T. Eubanks, A. Hibberd, Dan Fries, J. Schneider, M. Lingam, R. Kennedy, N. Perakis, B. Dachwald, P. Kervella","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.7273F358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.7273F358","url":null,"abstract":"Two extrasolar objects, 1I/'Oumuamua, 2I/Borisov, have passed through our home system in just the last three years. Such interstellar objects provide a previously unforeseen chance to directly sample physical material from other stellar systems. By analyzing these interlopers, we can acquire data and deduce information about their planetary system of origin, planetary formation, galactic evolution and possibly even molecular biosignatures or even clues about panspermia. In this paper, we show that missions to interstellar objects can be performed with existing or near-term technology, demonstrating that different categories of missions to different types of interstellar objects are feasible within the next decade. We present three categories of missions: fast flybys, ideally combined with an impactor to sample the surface, rendezvous missions with orbiter or lander, and a fast flyby returning samples generated by high-velocity impactor(s). We present exemplary scenarios for these mission categories. A combination of Falcon Heavy or Space Launch System, chemical propulsion, and Parker Solar Probe-derived heatshield technology would be sufficient for fast flybys. For a rendezvous, solar electric propulsion would also be needed. For sample return, nuclear thermal propulsion would be required as well. The minimal suite of onboard instruments for answering questions about the origin of these objects is a camera and mass spectrometer.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133755126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sayanagi, C. Young, L. Bowman, J. Pitman, B. Naasz, B. Meinke, T. Becker, J. Bell, R. Cartwright, N. Chanover, J. Clarke, J. Colwell, S. Curry, I. Pater, G. Delory, L. Feaga, L. Fletcher, T. Greathouse, A. Hendrix, B. Holler, G. Holsclaw, K. Jessup, M. Kelley, R. Lillis, Rosaly M. C. Lopes, J. Luhmann, D. MacDonnell, F. Marchis, M. McGrath, S. Milam, J. Peralta, M. Poston, K. Retherford, N. Schneider, O. Siegmund, J. Spencer, R. Vervack, F. Vilas, E. Wishnow, M. Wong
{"title":"Architectures and Technologies for a Space Telescope for Solar System Science","authors":"K. Sayanagi, C. Young, L. Bowman, J. Pitman, B. Naasz, B. Meinke, T. Becker, J. Bell, R. Cartwright, N. Chanover, J. Clarke, J. Colwell, S. Curry, I. Pater, G. Delory, L. Feaga, L. Fletcher, T. Greathouse, A. Hendrix, B. Holler, G. Holsclaw, K. Jessup, M. Kelley, R. Lillis, Rosaly M. C. Lopes, J. Luhmann, D. MacDonnell, F. Marchis, M. McGrath, S. Milam, J. Peralta, M. Poston, K. Retherford, N. Schneider, O. Siegmund, J. Spencer, R. Vervack, F. Vilas, E. Wishnow, M. Wong","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.C393DB50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.C393DB50","url":null,"abstract":"We advocate for a mission concept study for a space telescope dedicated to solar system science in Earth orbit. Such a study was recommended by the Committee on Astrobiology and Planetary Science (CAPS) report \"Getting Ready for the Next Planetary Science Decadal Survey.\" The Mid-Decadal Review also recommended NASA to assess the role and value of space telescopes for planetary science. The need for high-resolution, UV-Visible capabilities is especially acute for planetary science with the impending end of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST); however, NASA has not funded a planetary telescope concept study, and the need to assess its value remains. Here, we present potential design options that should be explored to inform the decadal survey.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127659662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Woodney, A. Rivkin, W. Harris, B. Cohen, G. Sarid, M. Womack, O. Barnouin, K. Volk, R. Klima, Y. Fernández, J. Steckloff, P. Abell
{"title":"Strength In Diversity: Small Bodies as the Most Important Objects in Planetary Sciences","authors":"L. Woodney, A. Rivkin, W. Harris, B. Cohen, G. Sarid, M. Womack, O. Barnouin, K. Volk, R. Klima, Y. Fernández, J. Steckloff, P. Abell","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.FB837ABA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.FB837ABA","url":null,"abstract":"Small bodies, the unaccreted leftovers of planetary formation, are often mistaken for the leftovers of planetary science in the sense that they are everything else after the planets and their satellites (or sometimes just their regular satellites) are accounted for. This mistaken view elides the great diversity of compositions, histories, and present-day conditions and processes found in the small bodies, and the interdisciplinary nature of their study. Understanding small bodies is critical to planetary science as a field, and we urge planetary scientists and our decision makers to continue to support science-based mission selections and to recognize that while small bodies have been grouped together for convenience, the diversity of these objects in terms of composition, mass, differentiation, evolution, activity, dynamical state, physical structure, thermal environment, thermal history, and formation vastly exceeds the observed variability in the major planets and their satellites. Treating them as a monolithic group with interchangeable members does a grave injustice to the range of fundamental questions they address. We advocate for a deep and ongoing program of missions, telescopic observations, R and A funding, and student support that respects this diversity.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123817320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Kofman, C. Moeckel, G. Orton, F. Venditti, A. Migliorini, S. Faggi, M. Cordiner, G. Liuzzi, M. Lippi, Elise W. Knutsen Imke de Pater, E. Rívera-Valentin, D. Bodewits, S. Milam, Eric Villard, G. Villanueva
{"title":"Synergies between ground-based and space-based observations in the solar system and beyond","authors":"V. Kofman, C. Moeckel, G. Orton, F. Venditti, A. Migliorini, S. Faggi, M. Cordiner, G. Liuzzi, M. Lippi, Elise W. Knutsen Imke de Pater, E. Rívera-Valentin, D. Bodewits, S. Milam, Eric Villard, G. Villanueva","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.62E538EF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.62E538EF","url":null,"abstract":"Telescope and detector developments continuously enable deeper and more detailed studies of astronomical objects. Larger collecting areas, improvement in dispersion and detector techniques, and higher sensitivities allow detection of more molecules in a single observation, at lower abundances, resulting in better constraints of the targets physical and chemical conditions. Improvements on current telescopes, and not to mention future observatories, both in space and on the ground, will continue this trend, ever improving our understanding of the Universe. Planetary exploration missions carry instrumentation to unexplored areas, and reveal details impossible to observe from the Earth by performing in-situ measurements. Space based observatories allow observations of object at wavelength ranges absorbed by the Earths atmosphere. The depth of understanding from all of these studies can be greatly enhanced by combining observations: ground-based and space-based, low-resolution and high-resolution, local and global-scale, similar observations over a broader or different spectra range, or by providing temporal information through follow-ups. Combined observations provide context and a broader scope of the studied object, and in this white paper, we outline a number of studies where observations are synergistically applied to increase the scientific value of both datasets. Examples include atmospheric studies of Venus, Mars, Titan, comets, Jupiter, as well as more specific cases describing synergistic studies in the Juno mission, and ground-based radar studies for near Earth objects. The examples aim to serve as inspiration for future synergistic observations, and recommendations are made based on the lessons learned from these examples.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123863962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tiscareno, M. Vaquero, M. Hedman, H. Cao, P. Estrada, A. Ingersoll, K. Miller, M. Parisi, D. Atkinson, S. Brooks, J. Cuzzi, J. Fuller, A. Hendrix, Robert E. Johnson, T. Koskinen, W. Kurth, J. Lunine, P. Nicholson, C. Paty, R. Schindhelm, M. Showalter, L. Spilker, N. Strange, W. Tseng
{"title":"The Saturn Ring Skimmer Mission Concept: The next step to explore Saturn’s rings, atmosphere, interior and inner magnetosphere","authors":"M. Tiscareno, M. Vaquero, M. Hedman, H. Cao, P. Estrada, A. Ingersoll, K. Miller, M. Parisi, D. Atkinson, S. Brooks, J. Cuzzi, J. Fuller, A. Hendrix, Robert E. Johnson, T. Koskinen, W. Kurth, J. Lunine, P. Nicholson, C. Paty, R. Schindhelm, M. Showalter, L. Spilker, N. Strange, W. Tseng","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.82F6E9FF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.82F6E9FF","url":null,"abstract":"The innovative Saturn Ring Skimmer mission concept enables a wide range of investigations that address fundamental questions about Saturn and its rings, as well as giant planets and astrophysical disk systems in general. This mission would provide new insights into the dynamical processes that operate in astrophysical disk systems by observing individual particles in Saturn's rings for the first time. The Ring Skimmer would also constrain the origin, history, and fate of Saturn's rings by determining their compositional evolution and material transport rates. In addition, the Ring Skimmer would reveal how the rings, magnetosphere, and planet operate as an inter-connected system by making direct measurements of the ring's atmosphere, Saturn's inner magnetosphere and the material owing from the rings into the planet. At the same time, this mission would clarify the dynamical processes operating in the planet's visible atmosphere and deep interior by making extensive high-resolution observations of cloud features and repeated measurements of the planet's extremely dynamic gravitational field. Given the scientific potential of this basic mission concept, we advocate that it be studied in depth as a potential option for the New Frontiers program.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"31 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114347878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Newman, Tanguy Bertrand, J. Battalio, M. Day, M. de la Torre Juárez, M. Elrod, F. Esposito, L. Fenton, C. Gebhardt, S. Greybush, S. Guzewich, M. Kahre, Henrik Kahanpää, Ö. Karatekin, Brian Jackson, M. Lapôtre, Christopher Lee, S. Lewis, R. Lorenz, Germán Martínez Martínez, J. Martín‐Torres, M. Mischna, L. Montabone, L. Neakrase, A. Pankine, J. Pla‐García, P. Read, Isaac Smith, Michael D. Smith, Alejandro Soto, A. Spiga, C. Swann, L. Tamppari, O. Temel, Daniel Viúdez Moreiras, D. Wellington, P. Wolkenberg, G. Wurm, M. Zorzano
{"title":"Toward More Realistic Simulation and Prediction of Dust Storms on Mars","authors":"C. Newman, Tanguy Bertrand, J. Battalio, M. Day, M. de la Torre Juárez, M. Elrod, F. Esposito, L. Fenton, C. Gebhardt, S. Greybush, S. Guzewich, M. Kahre, Henrik Kahanpää, Ö. Karatekin, Brian Jackson, M. Lapôtre, Christopher Lee, S. Lewis, R. Lorenz, Germán Martínez Martínez, J. Martín‐Torres, M. Mischna, L. Montabone, L. Neakrase, A. Pankine, J. Pla‐García, P. Read, Isaac Smith, Michael D. Smith, Alejandro Soto, A. Spiga, C. Swann, L. Tamppari, O. Temel, Daniel Viúdez Moreiras, D. Wellington, P. Wolkenberg, G. Wurm, M. Zorzano","doi":"10.1002/essoar.10503781.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10503781.1","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric dust is a more extreme modifier of weather and climate on Mars than water vapor is on Earth. Global dust storms enshroud Mars in a veil of dust for months and have major implications fo...","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132484052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Milam, J. Dworkin, J. Elsila, D. Glavin, P. Gerakines, J. Mitchell, K. Nakamura-messenger, M. Neveu, L. Nittler, J. Parker, E. Quintana, S. Sandford, J. Schlieder, R. Stroud, M. Trainer, M. Wadhwa, A. Westphal, M. Zolensky, D. Bodewits, S. Clemett
{"title":"Volatile Sample Return in the Solar System","authors":"S. Milam, J. Dworkin, J. Elsila, D. Glavin, P. Gerakines, J. Mitchell, K. Nakamura-messenger, M. Neveu, L. Nittler, J. Parker, E. Quintana, S. Sandford, J. Schlieder, R. Stroud, M. Trainer, M. Wadhwa, A. Westphal, M. Zolensky, D. Bodewits, S. Clemett","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.D94F26C7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.D94F26C7","url":null,"abstract":"We advocate for the realization of volatile sample return from various destinations including: small bodies, the Moon, Mars, ocean worlds/satellites, and plumes. As part of recent mission studies (e.g., Comet Astrobiology Exploration SAmple Return (CAESAR) and Mars Sample Return), new concepts, technologies, and protocols have been considered for specific environments and cost. Here we provide a plan for volatile sample collection and identify the associated challenges with the environment, transit/storage, Earth re-entry, and curation. Laboratory and theoretical simulations are proposed to verify sample integrity during each mission phase. Sample collection mechanisms are evaluated for a given environment with consideration for alteration. Transport and curation are essential for sample return to maximize the science investment and ensure pristine samples for analysis upon return and after years of preservation. All aspects of a volatile sample return mission are driven by the science motivation: isotope fractionation, noble gases, organics and prebiotic species; plus planetary protection considerations for collection and for the sample. \u0000The science value of sample return missions has been clearly demonstrated by previous sample return programs and missions. \u0000Sample return of volatile material is key to understanding (exo)planet formation, evolution, and habitability. \u0000Returning planetary volatiles poses unique and potentially severe technical challenges. These include preventing changes to samples between (and including) collection and analyses, and meeting planetary protection requirements.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125720542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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