Bulletin of the AAS最新文献

{"title":"Integrating Machine Learning for Planetary Science: Perspectives for the Next Decade","authors":"A. Azari, J. Biersteker, R. Dewey, Gary Doran, Emily J. Forsberg, C. Harris, H. Kerner, K. Skinner, Andy W. Smith, R. Amini, S. Cambioni, V. D. Poian, T. Garton, M. D. Himes, S. Millholland, S. Ruhunusiri","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.aa328727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.aa328727","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning (ML) methods can expand our ability to construct, and draw insight from large datasets. Despite the increasing volume of planetary observations, our field has seen few applications of ML in comparison to other sciences. To support these methods, we propose ten recommendations for bolstering a data-rich future in planetary science.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129689736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraviolet-Based Science in the Solar System: Advances and Next Steps","authors":"A. Hendrix, T. Becker, D. Bodewits, Todd Bradley, S. Brooks, B. Byron, J. Cahill, J. Clarke, L. Feaga, P. Feldman, Randy Gladstone, C. Hansen, C. Hibbitts, T. Koskinen, L. Magaña, P. Molyneux, S. Nikzad, J. Noonan, W. Pryor, U. Raut, K. Retherford, L. Roth, E. Royer, E. Sciamma-O’Brien, A. Stern, K. Stockstill-Cahill, F. Vilas, Bob West","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.8E4A5719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.8E4A5719","url":null,"abstract":"We review the importance of recent UV observations of solar system targets and discuss the need for further measurements, instrumentation and laboratory work in the coming decade. \u0000In the past decade, numerous important advances have been made in solar system science using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic techniques. Formerly used nearly exclusively for studies of giant planet atmospheres, planetary exospheres and cometary emissions, UV imaging spectroscopy has recently been more widely applied. The geyser-like plume at Saturn's moon Enceladus was discovered in part as a result of UV stellar occultation observations, and this technique was used to characterize the plume and jets during the entire Cassini mission. Evidence for a similar style of activity has been found at Jupiter's moon Europa using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) UV emission and absorption imaging. At other moons and small bodies throughout the solar system, UV spectroscopy has been utilized to search for activity, probe surface composition, and delineate space weathering effects; UV photometric studies have been used to uncover regolith structure. Insights from UV imaging spectroscopy of solar system surfaces have been gained largely in the last 1-2 decades, including studies of surface composition, space weathering effects (e.g. radiolytic products) and volatiles on asteroids (e.g. [2][39][48][76][84]), the Moon (e.g. [30][46][49]), comet nuclei (e.g. [85]) and icy satellites (e.g. [38][41-44][45][47][65]). The UV is sensitive to some species, minor contaminants and grain sizes often not detected in other spectral regimes. \u0000In the coming decade, HST observations will likely come to an end. New infrastructure to bolster future UV studies is critically needed. These needs include both developmental work to help improve future UV observations and laboratory work to help interpret spacecraft data. UV instrumentation will be a critical tool on missions to a variety of targets in the coming decade, especially for the rapidly expanding application of UV reflectance investigations of atmosphereless bodies.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127152631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enabling Effective Exoplanet / Planetary Collaborative Science","authors":"M. Marley, C. Harman, H. Hammel, P. Byrne, J. Fortney, A. Accomazzi, S. Moran, M. Way, J. Christiansen, N. Izenberg, T. Holt, S. Vahidinia, E. Kohler, K. Brugman","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.70b48c22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.70b48c22","url":null,"abstract":"The field of exoplanetary science has emerged over the past two decades, rising up alongside traditional solar system planetary science. Both fields focus on understanding the processes which form and sculpt planets through time, yet there has been less scientific exchange between the two communities than is ideal. This white paper explores some of the institutional and cultural barriers which impede cross-discipline collaborations and suggests solutions that would foster greater collaboration. Some solutions require structural or policy changes within NASA itself, while others are directed towards other institutions, including academic publishers, that can also facilitate greater interdisciplinarity.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"124 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132462918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear Spectroscopy for the Exploration of Mars and Beyond","authors":"K. Mesick, P. Gasda, T. Gabriel, C. Hardgrove, W. Feldman","doi":"10.2172/1641544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1641544","url":null,"abstract":"Nuclear spectroscopy is the only instrumentation that provides bulk geochemical constraints at depth (up to one meter in the surface). These instruments identify and quantify water and other key elements relevant to planetary exploration, including assessing planetary processes, context in the search for life, and in-situ resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116238647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogeoscience and Its Role in Characterizing Exoplanet Habitability and the Detectability of Life","authors":"C. Unterborn, P. Byrne, A. Anbar, G. Arney, D. Brain, S. Desch, B. Foley, M. Gilmore, H. Hartnett, W. Henning, M. Hirschmann, N. Izenberg, S. Kane, E. Kite, L. Kreidberg, Kanani K. M. Lee, T. Lyons, S. Olson, W. R. Panero, N. Planavsky, C. Reinhard, J. Renaud, L. Schaefer, E. Schwieterman, L. Sohl, E. Tasker, M. Way","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.5209DD13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.5209DD13","url":null,"abstract":"The search for exoplanetary life must encompass the complex geological processes reflected in an exoplanet's atmosphere, or we risk reporting false positive and false negative detections. To do this, we must nurture the nascent discipline of \"exogeoscience\" to fully integrate astronomers, astrophysicists, geoscientists, oceanographers, atmospheric chemists and biologists. Increased funding for interdisciplinary research programs, supporting existing and future multidisciplinary research nodes, and developing research incubators is key to transforming true exogeoscience from an aspiration to a reality.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126236025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main Belt Asteroid Science in the Decade 2023-2032: Fundamental Science Questions and Recommendations on behalf of the Small Bodies Assessment Group","authors":"M. McAdam, A. Rivkin, L. Lim, J. Castillo‐Rogez, F. Marchis, T. Becker","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.368DB98C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.368DB98C","url":null,"abstract":"Solicited by the Small Bodies Assessment Group, we recommend a balanced program of telescopic observation (ground-based, airborne, and space-based), laboratory studies, theoretical research and missions to Main Belt Asteroids utilizing the full spectral range from ultraviolet to far-infrared to investigate these outstanding fundamental questions in the next decade.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124605700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocean Worlds Exploration and the Search for Life","authors":"S. Howell, W. Stone, K. Craft, C. German, A. Murray, A. Rhoden, K. Arrigo","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.8920f9ae","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.8920f9ae","url":null,"abstract":"This is a community white paper submitted to the Decadal Survey in Planetary Science and Astrobiology, reflecting the views of the NASA Astrobiology Program's Research Coordination Network for Ocean Worlds (NOW). \u0000We recommend the establishment of a dedicated Ocean Worlds Exploration Program within NASA to provide sustained funding support for the science, engineering, research, development, and mission planning needed to implement a multi-decadal, multi-mission program to explore Ocean Worlds for life and understand the conditions for habitability. The two new critical flagship missions within this program would 1) land on Europa or Enceladus in the decade 2023-2032 to investigate geophysical and geochemical environments while searching for biosignatures, and 2) access a planetary ocean to directly search for life in the decade 2033-2042. The technological solutions for a landed mission are already in-hand, evidenced by the successful delta-Mission Concept Review of the Europa Lander pre-flight project in the fall of 2018. Following an initial landed mission, an ocean access mission will require substantial research, development, and analog testing this decade to enable the initiation of a pre-flight project at the start of the following decade.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132084134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration Strategy for the Outer Planets 2023–2032: Goals and Priorities","authors":"Jeffery M. Moore, L. Spilker, M. Cable, S. Edgington, A. Hendrix, M. Hofstadter, T. Hurford, K. Mandt, Alfred McEwen, C. Paty, L. Quick, A. Rymer, K. Sayanagi, B. Schmidt, T. J. W. R. Center, J. P. Laboratory, P. Institute, NASAMarshall Space Flight Center, Johns Hopkins Apl, U. Arizona, U. Oregon, H. University, G. I. O. Technology, I. Consultant","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.1F297498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.1F297498","url":null,"abstract":"The outer solar system has a diverse range of objects, holding important clues about the formation and evolution of our solar system, the emergence and current distribution of life, and the physical processes controlling both our own and exoplanetary systems. \u0000This White Paper summarizes the Outer Planets Analysis Group's (OPAG's) priorities in the Decadal Survey. Taking into account the science to be achieved, the timing of solar system events, technological readiness, and programmatic factors, our mission recommendations are as follows. OPAG strongly endorses the completion and launch of the Europa Clipper mission, maintaining the science capabilities identified upon its selection, and a Juno extended mission at Jupiter. For the decade 2023-2032, OPAG endorses a new start for two directed missions: first, a mission to Neptune or Uranus with atmospheric probe(s), and second, a life detection Ocean World mission, along with additional technological development for life detection. A Neptune mission is preferred because, while the Neptune and Uranus systems provide equally compelling opportunities, Triton is a higher priority ocean world target than the Uranian satellites. The mission to Neptune or Uranus should fly first because a delay threatens key science objectives, and additional technological development is required for a directed life detection mission. \u0000Along with missions, we emphasize the necessity of maintaining a healthy Research and Analysis (R&A) program as well as a robust Earth-based observing program. OPAG's top two technology priorities are rapid development of a next-generation radioisotope power source for a mission to Neptune or Uranus, and development of key life detection technologies in support of an Ocean World mission. Finally, fostering an interdisciplinary, diverse, equitable, inclusive, and accessible community is of top importance to the OPAG community.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129228513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planetary Science with Astrophysical Assets: Defining the Core Capabilities of Platforms","authors":"James M. Bauer, Stefanie Milam, G. Bjoraker, Sean Carey, Doris Daou, Leigh N. Fletcher, Walt Harris, P. Hartogh, Christine M. Hartzell, Amanda R. Hendrix, C. R. Nugent, A. Rivkin, T. Swindle, Cristina A. Thomas, M. Tiscareno, Geronimo L. Villanueva, S. Wolk","doi":"10.3847/25C2CFEB.12DBB30D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25C2CFEB.12DBB30D","url":null,"abstract":"We seek to compile a uniform set of basic capabilities and needs to maximize the yield of Solar System science with future Astrophysics assets while allowing those assets to achieve their Astrophysics priorities. Within considerations of cost and complexity, inclusion of capabilities that make a particular platform useable to planetary science provide a critical advantage over platforms lacking such capabilities.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"520 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123069047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Un)conscious Bias in the Astronomical Profession: Universal Recommendations to improve Fairness, Inclusiveness, and Representation","authors":"A. Aloisi, N. Reid","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.299343eb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.299343eb","url":null,"abstract":"(Un)conscious bias affects every aspect of the astronomical profession, from scientific activities (e.g., invitations to join collaborations, proposal selections, grant allocations, publication review processes, and invitations to attend and speak at conferences) to activities more strictly related to career advancement (e.g., reference letters, fellowships, hiring, promotion, and tenure). For many, (un)conscious bias is still the main hurdle to achieving excellence, as the most diverse talents encounter bigger challenges and difficulties to reach the same milestones than their more privileged colleagues. Over the past few years, the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) has constructed tools to raise awareness of (un)conscious bias and has designed guidelines and goals to increase diversity representation and outcome in its scientific activities, including career-related matters and STScI sponsored fellowships, conferences, workshops, and colloquia. STScI has also addressed (un)conscious bias in the peer-review process by anonymizing submission and evaluation of Hubble Space Telescope (and soon to be James Webb Space Telescope) observing proposals. In this white paper we present a plan to standardize these methods with the expectation that these universal recommendations will truly increase diversity, inclusiveness and fairness in Astronomy if applied consistently throughout all the scientific activities of the Astronomical community.","PeriodicalId":108352,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the AAS","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128524134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}