Alexis Zambrano Zambrano, Hector Del Río Zanatta, Andrea González Espinoza, Brian Bernal Alferes, Kevin Zambrano Zambrano, Julio Martinez Salazar, Carlos Haroldo Ixcamparij Rosales
{"title":"Heart Failure in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Implications.","authors":"Alexis Zambrano Zambrano, Hector Del Río Zanatta, Andrea González Espinoza, Brian Bernal Alferes, Kevin Zambrano Zambrano, Julio Martinez Salazar, Carlos Haroldo Ixcamparij Rosales","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00682-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00682-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review focuses on the association between RA and heart failure, highlighting the role of inflammation and the prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in this population.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The incidence of heart failure in RA patients is two to three times higher than in the general population, with inflammation playing a significant role independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. HFpEF accounts for about half of heart failure cases and is increasingly recognized in RA patients, although it remains underdiagnosed. Atypical presentations and non-specific symptoms further complicate diagnosis. Early control of inflammation has been shown to reduce the risk of heart failure development and progression, improving both morbidity and mortality outcomes. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 1% of the population, with cardiovascular disease being the leading cause of premature death in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":" ","pages":"530-540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emerging Biomarkers in Cardiac Sarcoidosis and Other Inflammatory Cardiomyopathies.","authors":"Joseph El Roumi, Ziad Taimeh","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00683-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00683-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cardiac sarcoidosis and other inflammatory cardiomyopathies are disorders causing cardiac inflammation and leading to heart failure, arrythmias and cardiac arrest. Diagnosis of these entities remains challenging and multimodal. Thus, there is a growing need to develop reliable biomarkers that can aid in the diagnosis. This review aims to summarize and highlight recent findings in the field of biomarkers for cardiac sarcoidosis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Multiple categories of biomarkers including novel molecules are being investigated with the latest evidence showing promising results. Some of these biomarkers are proven to be useful as diagnostic and prognostic aids in cardiac sarcoid and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. The identification of cost-effective and accurate biomarkers is useful not only for enhancing diagnostic accuracy but also for informing therapeutic decision-making processes. This advancement would facilitate the timely institution of immunosuppressive therapies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":" ","pages":"570-579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Katharina Seuthe, Felix Simon Ruben Picard, Holger Winkels, Roman Pfister
{"title":"Cancer Development and Progression in Patients with Heart Failure.","authors":"Katharina Seuthe, Felix Simon Ruben Picard, Holger Winkels, Roman Pfister","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00680-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00680-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The co-occurrence of heart failure (HF) and cancer represents a complex and multifaceted medical challenge. Patients with prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly HF, exhibit an increased risk of cancer development, raising questions about the intricate interplay between these two prevalent conditions. This review aims to explore the evolving landscape of cancer development in patients with HF, shedding light on potential mechanisms, risk factors, and clinical implications.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Epidemiological data suggests higher cancer incidences and higher cancer mortality in HF patients, which are potentially more common in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction due to related comorbidities. Moreover, recent preclinical data identified novel pathways and mediators including the protein SerpinA3 as potential drivers of cancer progression in HF patients, suggesting HF as an individual risk factor for cancer development. The review emphasizes preliminary evidence supporting cancer development in patients with HF, which offers several important clinical interventions such as cancer screening in HF patients, prevention addressing both HF and cancer, and molecular targets to treat cancer. However, there is need for more detailed understanding of molecular and cellular cross-talk between cancer and HF which can be derived from prospective assessments of cancer-related outcomes in CV trials and preclinical research of molecular mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":" ","pages":"515-529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11511767/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atrial Fibrillation in Heart Failure: Novel Insights, Challenges, and Treatment Opportunities.","authors":"Ghassan Bidaoui, Ala' Assaf, Nassir Marrouche","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00691-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00691-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Atrial fibrillation and heart failure frequently co-exist. This review discusses the comorbidity of atrial fibrillation and heart failure, the bi-directional link between them, and the recent advances in the management of these co-existing diseases.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Catheter ablation received a class 1 A recommendation for patients with AF and HF, after overwhelming evidence in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and end-stage heart failure, while clinical trials are still lacking in patients with preserved ejection. Guideline-medical therapy of heart failure decreases the incidence of atrial fibrillation and the progression of atrial myopathy. Based on the current evidence, management of patients with both HF and AF should be include early optimization of comorbidity control, guideline-medical therapy for heart failure, and rhythm control preferentially through catheter ablation in properly selected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":"22 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11582326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silvio N Augusto, Abhilash Suresh, W H Wilson Tang
{"title":"Ceramides as Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Diseases and Heart Failure.","authors":"Silvio N Augusto, Abhilash Suresh, W H Wilson Tang","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00689-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00689-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong> Ceramides are lipid species that play several physiological roles in the body, including stress response, inflammation, and apoptosis, and their involvement in lipid metabolism and energy production makes them crucial in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong> Several species of ceramides and ceramide signatures have recently been investigated as possible biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and risk scores have demonstrated prognostic value in stratifying patients by risk and possibly predicting adverse cardiac events. With growing interest in targeting metabolic dysfunction, understanding the role of ceramides in CVD also opens the possibility of novel therapeutics that target ceramide metabolism to improve cardiac function and cardiac outcomes in patients. Understanding the role of ceramides in CVD opens the possibility of novel diagnostics and theragnostic targeting ceramide metabolism to improve cardiac function and cardiac outcomes in patients with heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":"22 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vince J Catalfamo, Austin W Tutor, Adrienne Koos, Ankit Vyas, Carl J Lavie, Salvatore Carbone
{"title":"Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Obesity Paradox in Heart Failure: A Critical Evaluation.","authors":"Vince J Catalfamo, Austin W Tutor, Adrienne Koos, Ankit Vyas, Carl J Lavie, Salvatore Carbone","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00690-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00690-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Since the turn of the millennium, obesity has been on the rise worldwide, and particularly so throughout the United States. Even more concerning is the rate at which persons with severe obesity continue to trend upwards. Given the detrimental effects of obesity on cardiac structure and function, it is not surprising that obesity stands as one of the leading risk factors for developing heart failure (HF). This state-of-the-art article aims to review the updated literature on the obesity paradox to help further understand its relationship to body composition, weight loss, fitness, and exercise.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>An intriguing phenomenon appears to exist in which obesity is associated with a better prognosis in those with HF, compared to patients with lesser body mass. Recent studies suggest, however, that weight loss induced by pharmacologic strategies might be beneficial in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. Despite the presence of an obesity paradox, recent data suggest that obesity could be targeted in HF, however, long-term data are currently lacking. Consequently, definitive guidelines for managing obesity, and specifically the body composition of these patients, remain amiss.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":"22 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142638643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Simon Rico-Mesa, Justin Haloot, B K Anupama, Suman Atluri, Jing Liu, Umair Khalid
{"title":"The Role and Implications of COVID-19 in Incident and Prevalent Heart Failure.","authors":"Juan Simon Rico-Mesa, Justin Haloot, B K Anupama, Suman Atluri, Jing Liu, Umair Khalid","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00677-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00677-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review examines the pathophysiological interactions between COVID-19 and heart failure, highlighting the exacerbation of heart failure in COVID-19 patients. It focuses on the complex mechanisms driving worse outcomes in these patients.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Patients with pre-existing heart failure experience more severe symptoms and higher mortality rates due to mechanisms such as cytokine storms, myocardial infarction, myocarditis, microvascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and stress cardiomyopathy. Elevated biomarkers like troponin and natriuretic peptides correlate with severe disease. Long-term cardiovascular risks for COVID-19 survivors include increased incidence of heart failure, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, and cardiogenic shock. COVID-19 significantly impacts patients with pre-existing heart failure, leading to severe symptoms and higher mortality. Elevated cardiac biomarkers are indicators of severe disease. Acute and long-term cardiovascular complications are common, calling for ongoing research into targeted therapies and improved management strategies to better prevent, diagnose, and treat heart failure in the context of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":" ","pages":"485-497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chayakrit Krittanawong, William Michael Britt, Affan Rizwan, Rehma Siddiqui, Muzamil Khawaja, Rabisa Khan, Pouya Joolharzadeh, Noah Newman, Mario Rodriguez Rivera, W H Wilson Tang
{"title":"Clinical Update in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction.","authors":"Chayakrit Krittanawong, William Michael Britt, Affan Rizwan, Rehma Siddiqui, Muzamil Khawaja, Rabisa Khan, Pouya Joolharzadeh, Noah Newman, Mario Rodriguez Rivera, W H Wilson Tang","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00679-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00679-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To review the most recent clinical trials and data regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with an emphasis on the recent trends in cardiometabolic interventions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction makes up approximately half of overall heart failure and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and overall burden on the healthcare system. It is a complex, heterogenous syndrome and clinical trials, to this point, have not revealed quite as many effective treatment options when compared to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Nevertheless, there is an expanding amount of data insight into the pathogenesis of this disease and the potential for newer therapies and management strategies. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction pathology has been found to be linked to abnormal energetics, myocyte hypertrophy, cell signaling, inflammation, ischemia, and fibrosis. These mechanisms also intricately overlap with the significant comorbidities often associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction including, but not limited to, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, obesity and coronary artery disease. Treatment of this disease, therefore, should focus on the management and strict regulation of these comorbidities by pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic means. In this review, a clinical update is provided reviewing the most recent clinical trials and data regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction with an emphasis on the recent trend in cardiometabolic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":" ","pages":"461-484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael W Foster, Joshua M Riley, Praneet C Kaki, Amine Al Soueidy, Ehson Aligholiazadeh, J Eduardo Rame
{"title":"Metabolic Adaptation in Heart Failure and the Role of Ketone Bodies as Biomarkers.","authors":"Michael W Foster, Joshua M Riley, Praneet C Kaki, Amine Al Soueidy, Ehson Aligholiazadeh, J Eduardo Rame","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00678-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00678-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The development and progression of heart failure is characterized by metabolic and physiologic adaptations allowing patients to cope with cardiac insufficiency. This review explores the changes in metabolism in heart failure and the potential role of biomarkers, particularly ketone bodies, in staging and prognosticating heart failure progression.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent insights into myocardial metabolism shed light on the heart's response to stress, highlighting the shift towards reliance on ketone bodies as an alternative fuel source. Elevated blood ketone levels have been shown to correlate with the severity of cardiac dysfunction, emphasizing their potential as prognostic indicators. Furthermore, studies exploring therapeutic interventions targeting specific metabolic pathways offer promise for improving outcomes in heart failure. Ketones have prognostic utility in heart failure, and potentially, an avenue for therapeutic intervention. Challenges remain in deciphering the optimal balance between metabolic support and exacerbating cardiac remodeling. Future research endeavors must address these complexities to advance personalized approaches in managing heart failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":" ","pages":"498-503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Julia Vogel, Alexander Carpinteiro, Peter Luedike, Florian Buehning, Simon Wernhart, Tienush Rassaf, Lars Michel
{"title":"Current Therapies and Future Horizons in Cardiac Amyloidosis Treatment.","authors":"Julia Vogel, Alexander Carpinteiro, Peter Luedike, Florian Buehning, Simon Wernhart, Tienush Rassaf, Lars Michel","doi":"10.1007/s11897-024-00669-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11897-024-00669-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is a condition characterized by misfolding and extracellular deposition of proteins, leading to organ dysfunction. While numerous forms of CA exist, two subtypes dominate clinical prevalence: Transthyretin amyloid (ATTR) and immunoglobulin light chain amyloid.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The current scientific landscape reflects the urgency to advance therapeutic interventions with over 100 ongoing clinical trials. Heart failure treatment is affected by CA phenotype with poor tolerance of otherwise frequently used medications. Treating comorbidities including atrial fibrillation and valvular disease remains a challenge in CA, driven by technical difficulties and uncertain outcomes. Tafamidis is the first ATTR-stabilizer approved with a rapidly growing rate of clinical use. In parallel, various new therapeutic classes are in late-stage clinical trials including silencers, antibodies and genetic therapy. Managing CA is a critical challenge for future heart failure care. This review delineates the current standard-of-care and scientific landscape of CA therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10830,"journal":{"name":"Current Heart Failure Reports","volume":" ","pages":"305-321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11333534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141160288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}