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The COVID-19 Pandemic, Stay-at-Home Orders, and Gun Violence: A Story of Two Cities 新冠肺炎疫情、居家令和枪支暴力：双城故事
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2022-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/08874034221088742
D. Kim
{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic, Stay-at-Home Orders, and Gun Violence: A Story of Two Cities","authors":"D. Kim","doi":"10.1177/08874034221088742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034221088742","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the impact of the pandemic on gun violence in Philadelphia and Washington DC. Interrupted time-series analysis is used to examine weekly data from January 2017 to March 2021. Robust diagnostic checks confirm the validity of the fitted models. There were significant increases in gun violence during the pandemic, especially in the staged relaxation of social distancing. The timing of the increases in gun violence varies by location and fatality. Criminal justice agencies should place more attention and reallocate resources on gun violence in a timely manner in the volatile state of the nation. Finally, this study concludes with a discussion of the findings, limitations, and implications for future research.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"711 - 731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46093426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Shared Race/Ethnicities of Prosecutor and Defendant: A Test of Competing Hypotheses Predicting Case Outcomes 公诉人和被告人的共同种族/民族:预测案件结果的竞争性假设检验
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.1177/08874034221083264
Lin Liu
{"title":"Shared Race/Ethnicities of Prosecutor and Defendant: A Test of Competing Hypotheses Predicting Case Outcomes","authors":"Lin Liu","doi":"10.1177/08874034221083264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034221083264","url":null,"abstract":"Diversifying prosecutors’ offices and hiring more minority prosecutors have been touted as promising initiatives to address racial disparities in prosecution. However, two theoretical perspectives—social identity and internalized racism—delineate contradictory predictions on the punitiveness of minority prosecutors. The social identity perspective maintains that minority prosecutors are likely to seek better outcomes for defendants of their own race/ethnicity, whereas internalized racism proposes that minority prosecutors will be punitive to defendants of their own race/ethnicity. The present study uses the most recent data from a large urban jurisdiction to test whether the effect of shared minority identities between prosecutors and defendants on case outcomes is consistent with the social identity or internalized racism perspectives. Results suggest that minority prosecutors tend to show leniency to defendants of their own race/ethnicity; however, they are punitive toward minority defendants of a different race/ethnicity. Policy implications and directions for future research are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"480 - 506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43099819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Redefining Disciplinary Segregation: Perceptions of Effective Programming Among Program Participants and Staff 重新定义学科隔离：项目参与者和工作人员对有效编程的看法
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2022-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/08874034221079301
Travis J. Meyers, Kevin A. Wright, S. Phillips
{"title":"Redefining Disciplinary Segregation: Perceptions of Effective Programming Among Program Participants and Staff","authors":"Travis J. Meyers, Kevin A. Wright, S. Phillips","doi":"10.1177/08874034221079301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034221079301","url":null,"abstract":"People who engage in violence during their incarceration create a number of challenges for those who live and work in our correctional facilities. In response, there is a growing focus on the use of short-term confinement in disciplinary segregation that includes therapeutic programming. The ability of these programs to affect future behavior, however, is mixed. To better understand why research is mixed, the current study incorporates the views and perspectives of staff and participants involved in rehabilitative efforts within a segregated housing setting. Structured interviews were carried out with 25 former program participants and 10 correctional staff who oversee the day-to-day management of a disciplinary segregation program in a U.S. prison that includes rehabilitative programming. Subject perspectives provide additional direction for the inclusion of programming in segregated housing and a note of caution for programs that are alternative in name but traditional in practice.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"756 - 784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Gendered Effects of a Graduated Sanctions Model on Probation Outcomes in Kansas 堪萨斯州分级处罚模式对缓刑结果的性别影响
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2022-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/08874034221080188
G. Browne, Lisa A. Melander, Breanna Boppre, Mariska Edwards
{"title":"The Gendered Effects of a Graduated Sanctions Model on Probation Outcomes in Kansas","authors":"G. Browne, Lisa A. Melander, Breanna Boppre, Mariska Edwards","doi":"10.1177/08874034221080188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034221080188","url":null,"abstract":"Although originally perceived as an evidence-based program, there has been a continual debate on the true effectiveness of the graduated sanctions model for probation. Nonetheless, what is missing in the literature is an examination of how this program may affect women under supervision differently than men. Utilizing probation violation hearing data from the Kansas Sentencing Commission (KSSC), this study examines the impact of Kansas’ 2013 House Bill 2170 (HB 2170) on probation outcomes across gender. Results indicate that the use of graduated sanctions scheme through HB 2170 is associated with a higher likelihood of receiving an imprisonment disposition for women probation technical violators than men. Major findings and policy implications will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"373 - 398"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43136124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Advancing Interorganizational Crime and Violence Reduction Goals Through a Relational Change Intervention 通过关系变革干预促进组织间减少犯罪和暴力的目标
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2022-01-18 DOI: 10.1177/08874034211065996
Erika Gebo, Brenda J. Bond
{"title":"Advancing Interorganizational Crime and Violence Reduction Goals Through a Relational Change Intervention","authors":"Erika Gebo, Brenda J. Bond","doi":"10.1177/08874034211065996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034211065996","url":null,"abstract":"Effective interorganizational collaboration is deemed essential to comprehensive crime and violence initiatives but rarely is it empirically assessed. An 18-month intervention to improve collaboration Comprehensive Gang Model (CGM) locations was used in this study to examine the impact on increasing community capacity to address gangs and violence and reducing gang and violence in the community. Relational coordination theory grounded the collaboration intervention. Results from the quasi-experimental design showed significant, increased collaboration and reduction in violent crime in one intervention site. Other crime reduction efforts were explored as counterfactuals. Matched comparison sites saw no change in the ability to work together or violence reduction. Study implications are that relational coordination interventions may facilitate the goal of working better together, but parallel evaluations for each of the five core CGM strategies are needed to understand the independent effects of each strategy on gang and violence reduction goals.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"455 - 479"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45142832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Districts Implementation of Active Shooter Drill Policies 各区实施主动射击训练政策
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2022-01-07 DOI: 10.1177/08874034211068448
Cassandra Howard, Viki P. Kelchner, Breahannah Hilaire, Laurie O. Campbell, Eric D. Laguardia
{"title":"Districts Implementation of Active Shooter Drill Policies","authors":"Cassandra Howard, Viki P. Kelchner, Breahannah Hilaire, Laurie O. Campbell, Eric D. Laguardia","doi":"10.1177/08874034211068448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034211068448","url":null,"abstract":"High-profile school shootings provoke public outcry and calls for policy responses to gun violence in schools. However, policy makers face pressure from diverse stakeholders with distinct agendas, and in some areas, there is little empirical research to guide policy makers’ decisions. Active shooter drills are one such example of a hotly debated policy response in need of further study. As a preliminary step to filling this research gap, this mixed-methods study investigated how school districts in Florida have implemented active shooter drills following legislation passed after the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in Parkland, Florida. We analyzed school safety specialists’ perceptions and reports of drill procedures and their alignment with best practices. The majority of the districts surveyed aligned with Best Practices established by the National Association of School Psychologists and National Association of School Resource Officers. Implications for future research and considerations for the implementation of active shooter drills are discussed.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"667 - 687"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44504631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Criminalizing Homelessness: Circumstances Surrounding Criminal Trespassing and People Experiencing Homelessness 将无家可归定为犯罪:围绕非法侵入和无家可归者的情况
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/08874034211067130
Brie Diamond, R. Burns, Kendra N Bowen
{"title":"Criminalizing Homelessness: Circumstances Surrounding Criminal Trespassing and People Experiencing Homelessness","authors":"Brie Diamond, R. Burns, Kendra N Bowen","doi":"10.1177/08874034211067130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034211067130","url":null,"abstract":"Criminal trespassing (CT) is an understudied misdemeanor offense often enforced to maintain control over contested spaces and, in practice, often disproportionately used against disenfranchised populations such as the homeless and mentally ill. This study uses the CT case files of a county criminal district attorney’s office to investigate how cases involving defendants experiencing homelessness are handled compared with other defendants. Results show that homeless defendants make up a substantial portion of all CT cases, are more likely to be repeat CT defendants, and account for most jail sentences. Whereas defendants with mental health issues were often deferred for services, this avenue was not similarly extended to homeless defendants. Qualitative analyses show varied circumstances related to CT arrest for homeless and non-homeless defendants. The findings suggest various policy implications to refocus police resources and promote interagency cooperation to address the underlying causes of CT involvement by people experiencing homelessness.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"563 - 583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48282832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Enabling Collaboration and Communication Across Law Enforcement Jurisdictions: Data Sharing in a Multiagency Partnership 促进跨执法管辖区的协作和沟通:多机构伙伴关系中的数据共享
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2021-12-28 DOI: 10.1177/08874034211066756
J. C. Pickering, A. Fox
{"title":"Enabling Collaboration and Communication Across Law Enforcement Jurisdictions: Data Sharing in a Multiagency Partnership","authors":"J. C. Pickering, A. Fox","doi":"10.1177/08874034211066756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034211066756","url":null,"abstract":"Offenders do not always operate within jurisdictional boundaries and, as such, neighboring law enforcement agencies can benefit from sharing crime data and other investigation-related information with one another, with the shared goal of reducing crime throughout their region. In 2016, one such partnership was formed with seven law enforcement agencies, the District Attorney’s Office, and public health officials in King County, Washington. As part of a larger evaluation of this regional collaboration, the authors assessed the data and intelligence-sharing behaviors of key personnel from each participating agency over an 18-month period. This was done through a series of interviews with key personnel and the use of social network analysis. Results suggest that, although data-sharing networks increased in size and project personnel were able to identify benefits to sharing crime data with one another (e.g., seeing the “bigger picture” regarding crime in their region, using shared crime data to track and combat violent crime), they also identified a number of obstacles associated with cross-jurisdictional data sharing. Findings from this evaluation contribute to the collective understanding and implementation of a regional approach to crime control. If criminal justice agencies plan to work together to reduce crime, data and information sharing are essential. Therefore, it is imperative that agencies are aware of the positive outcomes associated with regional data sharing and the challenges that can arise throughout this collaborative effort.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"732 - 755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42085148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Impact of Focused Deterrence on Lived Experiences With Gangs and Gun Violence: Extending Effects Beyond Officially Recorded Crime 集中威慑对帮派和枪支暴力生活经历的影响:延伸影响超出官方记录的犯罪
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/08874034211063812
T. R. Kochel, Seyvan Nouri, S. Samadi
{"title":"Impact of Focused Deterrence on Lived Experiences With Gangs and Gun Violence: Extending Effects Beyond Officially Recorded Crime","authors":"T. R. Kochel, Seyvan Nouri, S. Samadi","doi":"10.1177/08874034211063812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034211063812","url":null,"abstract":"The study evaluates a geographically based focused deterrence (FD) intervention, extending knowledge about FD impact beyond crime data to also examine residents’ lived experiences with gangs and gun violence via a two-wave household survey. We employ a quasi-experimental design and utilize time-series analyses, coefficient difference tests, and mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression. The results show a significant reduction in shots fired incidents in the target area relative to comparison areas. Shots fired calls for service trended downward citywide, but the magnitude was doubled in the target area. Survey data showed substantive declines in the target area on all six gang and gun violence outcomes, significantly exceeding changes experienced in comparison areas. We conclude that focusing geographically as well as on repeat offenders is an effective FD approach, and evaluating community surveys provides an improved understanding of the community impact.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"507 - 535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43133482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When Dogs Make the Difference: Jail-Based Parenting With and Without Animal-Assisted Therapy 当狗有所作为：有和没有动物辅助治疗的监狱育儿
Criminal Justice Policy Review Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/08874034211063455
Kimberly Collica-Cox, George J. Day
{"title":"When Dogs Make the Difference: Jail-Based Parenting With and Without Animal-Assisted Therapy","authors":"Kimberly Collica-Cox, George J. Day","doi":"10.1177/08874034211063455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/08874034211063455","url":null,"abstract":"With 1.7 million children in the United States with an incarcerated parent, the need to provide evidence-based programming, which helps incarcerated mothers re-establish healthy relationships with their children, is essential. This study examines Parenting, Prison, and Pups, a jail-based parenting course for incarcerated women, integrated with the use of animal-assisted therapy (AAT). Utilizing a mixed-method quasi-experimental design, the authors examined differences between mothers who completed a parenting course with AAT, compared with those who completed the same course without AAT; statistically significant lower rates of parental stress and higher rates of self-esteem and parental knowledge among the AAT group were found. Based on qualitative data, the presence of therapy dogs appeared to encourage communication, trust, and connectedness between group members. These results indicate the importance of using innovative tools to help incarcerated women, who often have long histories of trauma and abuse, to develop healthy bonds with their children.","PeriodicalId":10757,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Policy Review","volume":"33 1","pages":"608 - 638"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45105546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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