Current Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Treating Depression and other Serotonin Deficiency Brain Disorders with Tryptophan","authors":"D. Haleem","doi":"10.2174/2211556010666211202104548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556010666211202104548","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Deficits of brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) are implicated in a number of psychiatric illnesses including depression. Treatment efficacy of this highly prevalent brain disorder is not adequate largely because serotonin stores are depleted. Tryptophan an essential amino acid is the sole precursor of serotonin; its systemic or oral administration increases serotonin synthesis because tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme of 5-HT biosynthesis, is physiologically unsaturated with its substrate. The present article targets importance of tryptophan supplementation in treating serotonin deficiency and improving therapeutic intervention in depression and other serotonin deficiency brain disorders. \u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78704197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebellum, GABA, and ataxia","authors":"Robert Lalonde, C. Strazielle","doi":"10.2174/2211556010666211122155811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556010666211122155811","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Various clinical results are obtained regarding the effects of cerebellar GABA transmission on spinocerebellar ataxias. Based on animal studies, it is proposed that balanced GABAergic transmission between GABA and other neurotransmitters such as glutamate may lead to more promising results in treating such conditions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90061212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The neuroinflammatory P2X7 receptor in the CNS is an etiological factor of psychiatric illnesses","authors":"P. Illés","doi":"10.2174/2211556010666211021165254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556010666211021165254","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75726693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Drug Repurposing Tactics Against Covid-19","authors":"Aikan Gupta, N. Goel, A. Chopra, Navpreet Kaur, Divneet Kaur","doi":"10.2174/2211556010666211007085742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556010666211007085742","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Now a days, due to high substantial costs and slow rate of new drug discovery and development, repurposing of old drugs to treat diseases is becoming an emerging drug approach. Repurposing approach involves the identification of new pharmacological activity for old drugs. This strategy is time saving, more effective and has lesser failure risks. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present review involves the challenge by summarising the COVID‐19 drug repurposing research into three large groups, including repurposing of Antivirals, Anti-Cancer Drugs, existing Quinoline based drugs. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Number of medications, for example remdesivir, umifenovir, favipiravin, ribavirin, rapamycin, carfilzomib, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, saquinavir, elvitegravir, and oxolinic acid and rilapladib have indicated inhibitory effects against the SARS-CoV2 in vitro just as in clinical conditions. These medications either act through infection related targets, for example, RNA genome, polypeptide pressing and take-up pathways or target have related pathways including angiotensin-changing over protein 2 (ACE2) receptors also, inflammatory pathways.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000From the literature studies it can be concluded that, In the current scenario repositioning of the drugs could be considered the new avenue for the treatment of COVID-19.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72549503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-administration of Saffron and Chamomile give additive effects of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity with in-vivo augmentation of brain BDNF, acetylcholine levels and cognitive functions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","authors":"Saara Ahmad, A. Khan, Saiqa Tabassum, Zehra Batool, Saad Bilal Ahmed, Saima Khaliq, Akash Kumar Ahuja, Amrah Hashmi, Hamna Rafiq, S. Haider","doi":"10.2174/2211556010666210906153253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556010666210906153253","url":null,"abstract":"Co-administration of chamomile and saffron are effective against diabetes and related complications. Diabetes mellitus refers to comorbidities associated with reduced release of the brain-derived neurotropic factor and disruption in the metabolism of neurotransmitters leading to depression and cognitive impairment. Allopathic medications are available for the treatment of diabetes but there is no cure and multiple adverse effects adhere to it. The therapeutic effects of co-administered chamomile with saffron may reverse the diabetes and its complications. The present study sought to test hypothesis, conducted on eighty Sprague-Dawley rats randomly divided into eight groups (n=10) including healthy controls, diabetic controls, methanolic extract treatment groups and water decoction treatment groups with respective dosage once a day for two weeks. The dose of single herb group in methanolic extract and water decoction was saffron 10 mg/kg and chamomile 30 mg/kg, while co-administered groups received both herbs in half doses, saffron 5 mg/kg and chamomile 15 mg/kg. Two widely used tests for the assessment of memory (Elevated plus maze and novel object recognition) were used to assess the mood and memory (cognitive) performance after the treatment. It was observed that all treatment groups exhibited antidiabetic effects with improved mood and enhanced memory, high antioxidant profile, increased brain-derived neurotropic factor and acetylcholine concentration. However, the affects were greater in the co-administered groups of saffron and chamomile especially the combined water decoction group. The study provides the successful results of co-administration of chamomile and saffron to alleviate the diabetes and related complications.","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85674651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methadone Contrasted with Acetaminophen Codeine plus Clonidine: An Inpatient Pilot Study","authors":"S. Shafti","doi":"10.2174/2211556010666210823121451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556010666210823121451","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The mainstay of pharmacological management of opioid dependence is opioid substitution treatment. Methadone is a long‐acting opioid agonist, which is used for detoxification and maintenance of opioid-dependent people. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Objective of the present evaluation included a comparison between methadone and acetaminophen codeine plus clonidine for management of opioid withdrawal symptoms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All patients of an acute ward of a psychiatric hospital, who met dual diagnosis of primary psychiatric disorder plus opioid use disorder, were selected as accessible sample for the current evaluation. Duration of assessment was around elven months and the study was performed according to a single-blind plan. Among 96 patients, cases, who were using methadone, before their recent admission in hospital, continued their substitution treatment according to the recommended dosage and formulation till release (n = 42). The remaining group of patients, had been given acetaminophen codeine plus clonidine, as substitution treatment, during their inpatient management (n = 54). The primary outcome measures were the ‘Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure’ and the ‘Subjective Opiate Withdrawal Scale’, which were scored at baseline, week 1 and week 2. The study was performed according to the ‘per-protocol’ analysis, and the assessor was blind with respect to the said protocols.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000while the mean total score of primary outcome measures decreased significantly in both groups, the between-group analysis did not show any significant difference between these two groups in a head-to-head analysis. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Acetaminophen codeine plus clonidine was as good as methadone for management of opioid withdrawal symptoms in inpatient setting. \u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78058421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Phenobarbital for Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome","authors":"H. Saadatmand, Pochu Ho","doi":"10.2174/2211556010666210810094103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556010666210810094103","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Alcohol use disorder represents a serious health problem worldwide which is increasing in pervasiveness. Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a common clinical problem encountered in emergency departments and inpatient settings, including intensive care units. While benzodiazepines are the most widely used class of medication for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, in recent years, there is renewed interest in using phenobarbital, a barbiturate, in the treatment of refractory alcohol withdrawal.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review provides an overview of phenobarbital in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal, as well as clinical outcomes in patients, while also outlining some of the limitations of existing studies in comparing phenobarbital to benzodiazepines. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched using the terms phenobarbital, barbiturates, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Prospective and retrospective trials comparing phenobarbital with benzodiazepines to treat alcohol withdrawal in English were included. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Two prospective randomized controlled and eleven retrospective cohort trials were identified. Phenobarbital is safe alone and as an adjunct to benzodiazepine in the emergency department, intensive care units, general medical units and acute trauma surgery service. In a randomized controlled trial, one dose of phenobarbital in the emergency department significantly reduced the intensive care admission rate. There is some evidence that phenobarbital may be effective in the treatment of benzodiazepine-refractory alcohol withdrawal. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Although existing knowledge and practice regarding phenobarbital for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal are increasing, there currently remains limited evidence in support of phenobarbital over benzodiazepines in superior efficacy and outcomes. \u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79109505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endorphinergic Enhancement Attenuation of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) <i>via</i> Activation of Neuro-immunological Function in the Face of a Viral Pandemic.","authors":"Kenneth Blum, Edward J Modestino, David Baron, Raymond Brewer, Panayotis Thanos, Igor Elman, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, B William Downs, Debasis Bagchi, Thomas McLaughlin, Abdalla Bowirrat, A Kenison Roy, Mark S Gold","doi":"10.2174/2211556009999210104221215","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2211556009999210104221215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polymorphic gene variants, particularly the genetic determinants of low dopamine function (hypodopaminergia), are known to associate with Substance Use Disorder (SUD) and a predisposition to PTSD. Addiction research and molecular genetic applied technologies supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have revealed the complex functions of brain reward circuitry and its crucial role in addiction and PTSD symptomatology.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>It is noteworthy that Israeli researchers compared mice with a normal immune system with mice lacking adaptive immunity and found that the incidence of PTSD increased several-fold. It is well established that raising endorphinergic function increases immune response significantly. Along these lines, Blum's work has shown that D-Phenylalanine (DPA), an enkephalinase inhibitor, increases brain endorphins in animal models and reduces stress in humans. Enkephalinase inhibition with DPA treats Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) by restoring endorphin function. The Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) can characterize relevant phenotypes, genetic risk for stress vulnerability <i>vs</i>. resilience. GARS could be used to pre-test military enlistees for adaptive immunity or as part of PTSD management with customized neuronutrient supplementation upon return from deployment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on GARS values, with particular emphasis on enhancing immunological function, pro-dopamine regulation may restore dopamine homeostasis. Recognition of the immune system as a \"sixth sense\" and assisting adaptive immunity with Precision Behavioral Management (PBM), accompanied by other supportive interventions and therapies, may shift the paradigm in treating stress disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"10 2","pages":"86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8404208/pdf/nihms-1728149.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39372174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Plants Derived Neuroprotective Phytoconstituents: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"A. Pradhan, Bimala Tripathy, B. Chowdhury, S. K. Acharjya, Rajaram Das","doi":"10.2174/2211556010666210728123937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556010666210728123937","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The exact pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is still a matter to debate, currently there is no reliable therapy established for Alzheimer’s disease. However, several pieces of evidence suggest that the use of plant based phytoconstituents mainly delays the onset of Alzheimer. So, in this review, we collect information about the cause of Alzheimer’s disease hypothesis and neuroprotective effect of phytoconstituents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review paper aimed to analyze the current pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and the therapeutic effect of plant phytoconstituents that play a vital role in neuroprotective and antistress activities in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The source of literature review obtained from Scopus, Science direct, PubMed, web of science database, and journal by using Alzheimer’s pathogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, amyloid beta, flavonoids, alkaloids are important part of these review research. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The current review explored the different types of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer’s disease and the role of phytoconstituents in treatment of it. The collected information showed that plant based constituents inhibit the major cause of Alzheimer’s disease related to amyloid beta, tau protein, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation etc. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study provide the clue for the investigation of eminent bioactive constituents may serves as an alternative candidate against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84866066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 as an adjunctive therapy of sertraline and venlafaxine substantially improves symptoms of major depressive disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study","authors":"Mohammad Ahadifard Moghaddam, Malihe Farid, M. M. Natanzi, Z. Khodaii, Rahim Badrfam, Atefeh Zandifar","doi":"10.2174/2211556010666210712185437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556010666210712185437","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Due to the possible effect of omega-3 fatty acids on reducing depressive symptoms, in this study, we investigated these effects in combination with other antidepressants. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study was a double-blind clinical trial on 100 patients with major depressive disorder who were divided into four groups of 25 each and treated with 50 mg daily sertraline plus placebo, 50 mg daily sertraline plus two grams Omega 3 daily, 75 mg daily venlafaxine plus placebo, and 75 mg daily venlafaxine plus 2 g Omega 3 daily for 6 weeks. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The mean Hamilton depression rating score of sertraline and venlafaxine plus omega-3 after treatment were 4.42 and 4.23 respectively versus sertraline and venlafaxine plus placebo 14.4 and 14.2 respectively (P value=0.0001). \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Omega-3 enhanced the clinical function of sertraline and venlafaxine to reduce the severity of depression. Adding omega-3 to either sertraline or venlafaxine does not have a comparative advantage over each other in terms of the improvement of severity of depressive symptoms. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000number is IRCT20190302042885N1. \u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88125153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}