Critical Reviews in Microbiology最新文献

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A comprehensive status update on modification of foley catheter to combat catheter-associated urinary tract infections and microbial biofilms. 关于改良气囊导尿管以防治导尿管相关尿路感染和微生物生物膜的最新综合情况。
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-18 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2167593
Jatin Chadha, Navdisha Thakur, Sanjay Chhibber, Kusum Harjai
{"title":"A comprehensive status update on modification of foley catheter to combat catheter-associated urinary tract infections and microbial biofilms.","authors":"Jatin Chadha, Navdisha Thakur, Sanjay Chhibber, Kusum Harjai","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2167593","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2167593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Present-day healthcare employs several types of invasive devices, including urinary catheters, to improve medical wellness, the clinical outcome of disease, and the quality of patient life. Among urinary catheters, the Foley catheter is most commonly used in patients for bladder drainage and collection of urine. Although such devices are very useful for patients who cannot empty their bladder for various reasons, they also expose patients to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Catheter provides an ideal surface for bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, resulting in persistent bacterial infection and severe complications. Hence, rigorous efforts have been made to develop catheters that harbour antimicrobial and anti-fouling properties to resist colonization by bacterial pathogens. In this regard, catheter modification by surface functionalization, impregnation, blending, or coating with antibiotics, bioactive compounds, and nanoformulations have proved to be effective in controlling biofilm formation. This review attempts to illustrate the complications associated with indwelling Foley catheters, primarily focussing on challenges in fighting CAUTI, catheter colonization, and biofilm formation. In this review, we also collate scientific literature on catheter modification using antibiotics, plant bioactive components, bacteriophages, nanoparticles, and studies demonstrating their efficacy through <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"168-195"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10532947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phage-inspired strategies to combat antibacterial resistance. 噬菌体激发的对抗抗菌耐药性的策略
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2181056
Mianzhi Wang, Junxuan Zhang, Jingyi Wei, Lei Jiang, Li Jiang, Yongxue Sun, Zhenling Zeng, Zhiqiang Wang
{"title":"Phage-inspired strategies to combat antibacterial resistance.","authors":"Mianzhi Wang, Junxuan Zhang, Jingyi Wei, Lei Jiang, Li Jiang, Yongxue Sun, Zhenling Zeng, Zhiqiang Wang","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2181056","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2181056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in clinically priority pathogensis now a major threat to public health worldwide. Phages are bacterial parasites that efficiently infect or kill specific strains and represent the most abundant biological entities on earth, showing great attraction as potential antibacterial therapeutics in combating AMR. This review provides a summary of phage-inspired strategies to combat AMR. We firstly cover the phage diversity, and then explain the biological principles of phage therapy that support the use of phages in the post-antimicrobial era. Furthermore, we state the versatility methods of phage therapy both from direct access as well as collateral access. Among the direct access approaches, we discuss the use of phage cocktail therapy, phage-encoded endolysins and the bioengineering for function improvement of used phages or endolysins. On the other hand, we introduce the collateral access, including the phages antimicrobial immunity combined therapy and phage-based novel antibacterial mimic molecules. Nowadays, more and more talented and enthusiastic scientist, doctors, pharmacists, media, authorities, and industry are promoting the progress of phage therapy, and proposed more phages-inspired strategy to make them more tractable to combat AMR and benefit more people, more animal and diverse environment in \"one health\" framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"196-211"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47944002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Group A Streptococcus adaptation to diverse niches: lessons from transcriptomic studies. A 群链球菌对不同生态位的适应:从转录组研究中汲取的教训。
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-23 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2294905
Lionel Schiavolin, Geoffrey Deneubourg, Jenny Steinmetz, Pierre R Smeesters, Anne Botteaux
{"title":"Group A <i>Streptococcus</i> adaptation to diverse niches: lessons from transcriptomic studies.","authors":"Lionel Schiavolin, Geoffrey Deneubourg, Jenny Steinmetz, Pierre R Smeesters, Anne Botteaux","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2294905","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2294905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a major human pathogen, causing diseases ranging from mild superficial infections of the skin and pharyngeal epithelium to severe systemic and invasive diseases. Moreover, post infection auto-immune sequelae arise by a yet not fully understood mechanism. The ability of GAS to cause a wide variety of infections is linked to the expression of a large set of virulence factors and their transcriptional regulation in response to various physiological environments. The use of transcriptomics, among others -omics technologies, in addition to traditional molecular methods, has led to a better understanding of GAS pathogenesis and host adaptation mechanisms. This review focusing on bacterial transcriptomic provides new insight into gene-expression patterns <i>in vitro, ex vivo</i> and <i>in vivo</i> with an emphasis on metabolic shifts, virulence genes expression and transcriptional regulators role.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"241-265"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138884670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacteriophages: the dawn of a new era in periodontal microbiology? 噬菌体:牙周微生物学新时代的曙光?
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2182667
Shashikiran Shanmugasundaram, Namratha Nayak, Lakshmi Puzhankara, Madhurya N Kedlaya, Anjale Rajagopal, Shaswata Karmakar
{"title":"Bacteriophages: the dawn of a new era in periodontal microbiology?","authors":"Shashikiran Shanmugasundaram, Namratha Nayak, Lakshmi Puzhankara, Madhurya N Kedlaya, Anjale Rajagopal, Shaswata Karmakar","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2182667","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2182667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oral microbiome, populated by a diverse range of species, plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The most dominant yet little-discussed players in the microbiome, the bacteriophages, influence the health and disease of the host in various ways. They, not only contribute to periodontal health by preventing the colonization of pathogens and disrupting biofilms but also play a role in periodontal disease by upregulating the virulence of periodontal pathogens through the transfer of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. Since bacteriophages selectively infect only bacterial cells, they have an enormous scope to be used as a therapeutic strategy; recently, phage therapy has been successfully used to treat antibiotic-resistant systemic infections. Their ability to disrupt biofilms widens the scope against periodontal pathogens and dental plaque biofilms in periodontitis. Future research focussing on the oral phageome and phage therapy's effectiveness and safety could pave way for new avenues in periodontal therapy. This review explores our current understanding of bacteriophages, their interactions in the oral microbiome, and their therapeutic potential in periodontal disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"212-223"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10857684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The complement system as a key modulator of the oral microbiome in health and disease. 补体系统是口腔微生物组在健康和疾病中的关键调节器。
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-09 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2022.2163614
Renata O Mattos-Graner, Marlise I Klein, Lívia Araújo Alves
{"title":"The complement system as a key modulator of the oral microbiome in health and disease.","authors":"Renata O Mattos-Graner, Marlise I Klein, Lívia Araújo Alves","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2022.2163614","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2022.2163614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this review, we address the interplay between the complement system and host microbiomes in health and disease, focussing on oral bacteria known to contribute to homeostasis or to promote dysbiosis associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. Host proteins modulating complement activities in the oral environment and expression profiles of complement proteins in oral tissues were described. In addition, we highlight a sub-set of bacterial proteins involved in complement evasion and/or dysregulation previously characterized in pathogenic species (or strains), but further conserved among prototypical commensal species of the oral microbiome. Potential roles of these proteins in host-microbiome homeostasis and in the emergence of commensal strain lineages with increased virulence were also addressed. Finally, we provide examples of how commensal bacteria might exploit the complement system in competitive or cooperative interactions within the complex microbial communities of oral biofilms. These issues highlight the need for studies investigating the effects of the complement system on bacterial behaviour and competitiveness during their complex interactions within oral and extra-oral host sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"138-167"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10495382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Porphyromonas gingivalis and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. 牙龈卟啉单胞菌与阿尔茨海默病的发病机制。
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2022.2163613
Sixin Liu, Catherine A Butler, Scott Ayton, Eric C Reynolds, Stuart G Dashper
{"title":"<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Sixin Liu, Catherine A Butler, Scott Ayton, Eric C Reynolds, Stuart G Dashper","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2022.2163613","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2022.2163613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved, remain major unanswered questions in medical science. Oral bacteria, especially those species associated with chronic periodontitis and particularly <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, are being linked causally to AD pathophysiology in a subpopulation of susceptible individuals. <i>P. gingivalis</i> produces large amounts of proteolytic enzymes, haem and iron capture proteins, adhesins and internalins that are secreted and attached to the cell surface and concentrated onto outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). These enzymes and adhesive proteins have been shown to cause host tissue damage and stimulate inflammatory responses. The ecological and pathophysiological roles of <i>P. gingivalis</i> OMVs, their ability to disperse widely throughout the host and deliver functional proteins lead to the proposal that they may be the link between a <i>P. gingivalis</i> focal infection in the subgingivae during periodontitis and neurodegeneration in AD. <i>P. gingivalis</i> OMVs can cross the blood brain barrier and may accelerate AD-specific neuropathology by increasing neuroinflammation, plaque/tangle formation and dysregulation of iron homeostasis, thereby inducing ferroptosis leading to neuronal death and neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10533204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Activation of host nucleic acid sensors by Mycobacterium: good for us or good for them? 分枝杆菌激活宿主核酸传感器:对我们有利还是对它们有利?
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-28 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2023.2294904
Jeffrey S Schorey, Joseph Vecchio, William R McManus, Joshua Ongalo, Kylie Webber
{"title":"Activation of host nucleic acid sensors by <i>Mycobacterium</i>: good for us or good for them?","authors":"Jeffrey S Schorey, Joseph Vecchio, William R McManus, Joshua Ongalo, Kylie Webber","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2294904","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1040841X.2023.2294904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although the importance of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) sensors in controlling viral infection is well established, their role in promoting an effective immune response to pathogens other than viruses is less clear. This is particularly true for infections with mycobacteria, as studies point to both protective and detrimental roles for activation of nucleic acid sensors in controlling a mycobacterial infection. Some of the contradiction likely stems from the use of different model systems and different mycobacterial species/strains as well as from which nucleic acid sensors were studied and what downstream effectors were evaluated. In this review, we will describe the different nucleic acid sensors that have been studied in the context of mycobacterial infections, and how the different studies compare. We conclude with a section on how nucleic acid sensor agonists have been used therapeutically and what further information is needed to enhance their potential as therapeutic agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"224-240"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139048468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current developments and prospects of the antibiotic delivery systems. 抗生素输送系统的发展现状和前景。
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2024.2321480
Kusum Kharga, Shubhang Jha, Tanvi Vishwakarma, Lokender Kumar
{"title":"Current developments and prospects of the antibiotic delivery systems.","authors":"Kusum Kharga, Shubhang Jha, Tanvi Vishwakarma, Lokender Kumar","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2024.2321480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2024.2321480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotics have remained the cornerstone for the treatment of bacterial infections ever since their discovery in the twentieth century. The uproar over antibiotic resistance among bacteria arising from genome plasticity and biofilm development has rendered current antibiotic therapies ineffective, urging the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. The development of antibiotic resistance among bacteria has further heightened the clinical failure of antibiotic therapy, which is often linked to its low bioavailability, side effects, and poor penetration and accumulation at the site of infection. In this review, we highlight the potential use of siderophores, antibodies, cell-penetrating peptides, antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, and nanoparticles to smuggle antibiotics across impermeable biological membranes to achieve therapeutically relevant concentrations of antibiotics and combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We will discuss the general mechanisms <i>via</i> which each delivery system functions and how it can be tailored to deliver antibiotics against the paradigm of mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-40"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peeling off the layers from microbial dark matter (MDM): recent advances, future challenges, and opportunities. 剥离微生物暗物质(MDM)的层次:最新进展、未来挑战和机遇。
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2024.2319669
Sajid Iqbal, Farida Begum, Ihsan Ullah, Nasir Jalal, Peter Shaw
{"title":"Peeling off the layers from microbial dark matter (MDM): recent advances, future challenges, and opportunities.","authors":"Sajid Iqbal, Farida Begum, Ihsan Ullah, Nasir Jalal, Peter Shaw","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2024.2319669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2024.2319669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbes represent the most common organisms on Earth; however, less than 2% of microbial species in the environment can undergo cultivation for study under laboratory conditions, and the rest of the enigmatic, microbial world remains mysterious, constituting a kind of \"microbial dark matter\" (MDM). In the last two decades, remarkable progress has been made in culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques. More recently, studies of MDM have relied on culture-independent techniques to recover genetic material through either unicellular genomics or shotgun metagenomics to construct single-amplified genomes (SAGs) and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), respectively, which provide information about evolution and metabolism. Despite the remarkable progress made in the past decades, the functional diversity of MDM still remains uncharacterized. This review comprehensively summarizes the recently developed culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques for characterizing MDM, discussing major challenges, opportunities, and potential applications. These activities contribute to expanding our knowledge of the microbial world and have implications for various fields including Biotechnology, Bioprospecting, Functional genomics, Medicine, Evolutionary and Planetary biology. Overall, this review aims to peel off the layers from MDM, shed light on recent advancements, identify future challenges, and illuminate the exciting opportunities that lie ahead in unraveling the secrets of this intriguing microbial realm.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139930392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Antibiotic resistance: a global crisis, problems and solutions 抗生素耐药性:全球危机、问题与解决方案
IF 6.5 2区 生物学
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2024.2313024
Rupesh Aggarwal, Pooja Mahajan, Sameeksha Pandiya, Aayushi Bajaj, Shailendra Kumar Verma, Puja Yadav, Arun S. Kharat, Asad Ullah Khan, Meenakshi Dua, Atul Kumar Johri
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance: a global crisis, problems and solutions","authors":"Rupesh Aggarwal, Pooja Mahajan, Sameeksha Pandiya, Aayushi Bajaj, Shailendra Kumar Verma, Puja Yadav, Arun S. Kharat, Asad Ullah Khan, Meenakshi Dua, Atul Kumar Johri","doi":"10.1080/1040841x.2024.2313024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841x.2024.2313024","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy state is priority in today’s world which can be achieved using effective medicines. But due to overuse and misuse of antibiotics, a menace of resistance has increased in pathogenic microbes...","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139925327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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