University Scientific Notes最新文献

{"title":"Export-Oriented Industrial Policy: Theory and Practice","authors":"N. Kukharska","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.9","url":null,"abstract":"The essence of the concepts «export-oriented model of industrial policy», «export-oriented production» is disclosed. An export-oriented industrial policy is justified in relation to manufacturing products with a high degree of processing, it stimulates the development of innovations and the creation of goods that can compete with goods produced in other states. The advantages and disadvantages of the country’s economic development and the export-oriented model are revealed. Negative factors in its implementation, associated with the export of raw materials (as, for example, in Russia and Ukraine); a high share of imported components in the production of domestic equipment; the outflow of human and financial resources from the manufacturing industry of the country; the growth of corruption in power structures are disclosed. The introduction of export-oriented industrial policy has been studied on the examples of such countries as Finland, Japan, China. Until 1992, Finland was a «country of loggers», where the share of timber products in exports was 70 %. Today, 46 % of the country’s exports are technological and high-tech products, the share of goods with a high degree of manufacturability is 18 %. The reasons for the growth in Japan’s exports are the development of high technologies (manufacturing products account for 95 % of exports), the rapid change in industrial models, and the implementation of state insurance for export trade. The share of the PRC, thanks to foreign investment, rapid industrialization, construction and growth in the sphere of technological services, in the share of the world economy increased from 1.8 % in 1978 to 18 % in 2018 (the second largest economy in the world), in terms of export it’s the 1st position, in terms of imports — the 2nd position in the world. In the XXI century in the export-oriented model of Ukrainian economic development, raw materials and low-tech production remains (over 74 %). To overcome these trends, priority directions have been developed for improving the state policy of regulating the development of export-oriented industries in Ukraine, namely: in the field of state financial support for exporters; increasing the competitiveness of manufactured products; assistance in the promotion of goods in the domestic and foreign markets; developing a marketing strategy in the country.","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121062116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation of a Five-Level Model of Professional Development Management of a Specialist in the Format of a Decimal Model of Good Human Health Management","authors":"Yurii Komar, Rostyslav Dubas, S. Nesterenko","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.8","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to create a Five-Level Model of full professional development (PD) management, in the format of a decimal model of management of good human health (GHH) formation. To achieve the determined goal, the concepts of «occupational human health» and «comprehensive professional development» determining full compliance of a person’s professional activity with achievements in modern science and practice were defined. This is the highest level of professional development to achieve goals in a certain type of professional activity as a result of fulfilling the professional potential. Thereafter, to meet the objectives of the study, the last tenth letter «T» of the word «management» was used in the Conceptual decimal model of full innovative GHH management. It represents the highest, tenth level of the professional activity system, consisting of five types: work — labour — business — game — employment. These five types of human profess ional activity are at the core of the Five-Level Model and are placed at five hierarchical levels, in accordance with their relevance. To create the Five-Level Model, single-type tables were built that summarize the characteristics of each of the five types of professional activity: work — labour — business — game — employment and characteristics of the corresponding subjects. Reasonable conclusions have been drawn for each type of professional activity according to its hierarchical level in the Five-Level Model. This has helped to create the Five-Level Model of comprehensive PD management, in a format of the Conceptual model of full innovative management of GHH formation and determine that the Five-Level Model is a full hierarchical management model consisting of five types of professional activities in precise order according to their relevance: work, labour, business, game, service, which together fully cover the entire professional activity. It is proved that unique properties of the Five-Level Model allow for its regular use for full professional development management in any environment, including Ukrainian society.","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129965875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Start-up as an Environment to Promote Innovation Activities","authors":"A. Polyanska, V. Martynets","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.4","url":null,"abstract":"The article summarizes the relevance and importance of activities in the field of start-ups as a source of modern innovative ideas. It is determined that a successful start-up requires a favourable environment both at the level of the start-up organization and at the level of its implementation. It is substantiated that in the conditions of low innovation activity start-ups can serve as a tool for intensification of innovation activity. Based on the results of the study, the directions of a favourable environment formation for the development of start-ups are proposed. At the macro level, the necessary changes are related to the formation of appropriate culture and regulatory activities, technical development, dissemination of experience and international practice, needs, desires and requirements of consumers, at the micro level — management technologies that create a favourable environment for the formation and implementation of start-ups. Modern organizational forms for attracting the investment resources into the innovative development of organizations and society as a whole on the basis of the allocation of start-ups, project activities and pilot projects are considered. The results of the introduction of start-ups in domestic practice are analysed and their characteristics are presented. Attention is drawn to the importance of considering of potential stakeholders who are interested in creating an innovative product within a start-up or other forms of investment, and create conditions that directly or indirectly affect the implementation of innovative ideas. The differences between start-ups, project management and pilot project are summarized and highlighted. It is substantiated that the implementation of pilot projects is appropriate in the conditions of approbation of the initiative, new concept or process or test for the organization. It is determined that the basis for both pilot projects and start-ups is the project management methodology. Examples of pilot projects for domestic oil and gas companies are considered. The key provisions for the implementation of a new concept of development or innovation in domestic enterprises through various forms of project activities are highlighted.","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126031424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Providing of Administrative Services in the Sphere of Migration in Ukraine","authors":"N. Vasylieva, Sergii Fedorenko","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.5","url":null,"abstract":"The problems posed by migration and the processes that affect its spread are identified in the article. Labour migration occupies an important place in state regulation in Ukraine. The authors focus on the implementation of state migration policy, local government reform, decentralization of power relations. Research papers on the implementation of state migration policy, the activities of public authorities at the local level, the providing of administrative services have been studied. Certain powers, including the providing of administrative services, have been transferred from the central level to the local level. Administrative services are provided through administrative service centres. Administrative services are classified into groups. Some aspects of normative-legal, institutional and other providing are revealed. Attention is paid to the development of electronic services in the sphere of migration. The state of provision of public services by the public authorities to the population in the sphere of migration is analysed. The problem of internally displaced persons from the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts is emphasized. The article presents information on the provision of administrative services to internally displaced persons by the territorial bodies of the State Migration Service of Ukraine. The authors present data on administrative services provided on the example of Vyshhorod regional branch of the State Migration Service of Ukraine in Kyiv and Kyiv region. The results of the survey on the quality of receiving administrative services by the population are presented. It is noted that to ensure the availability of administrative services there is a need to implement modern methods, mechanisms, tools and technologies for implementing public policy with the involvement of representatives of public and business environments. Personnel issues, which will be the subject of further research, remain urgent.","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124213821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Versatility of Interaction between Private and Public Sectors of Economy as a Result of Balanced Partnership Policy","authors":"O. Panukhnyk","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.3","url":null,"abstract":"The scientific article focuses on characteristics of public and private sectors of the economy in the context of considering their mutually beneficial long-term cooperation, as well as systematized approaches to the interpretation of the definition of «public-private partnership» (PPP). The works of foreign scientists in the field of researching the peculiarities of this form of partnership in the process of its evolutionary development are analysed, the experience of their implementation in different countries is presented, and the possibilities of implementing advanced scientific developments in modernization of economy and society in Ukraine are considered. The modern normative-legal support of the public-private partnership regulation is considered. The author argues that public-private partnership is a priority of government development programs which encourages strong and effective cooperation between government agencies and private business. Balance of interests between the studied sectors is a key factor in the success of public-private partnership in Ukraine, as the application of positive experience in PPP projects allows public and local authorities to address a number of important socio-economic issues. In the context of the formation of political, economic, legal and social attitude of public authorities to achieve partnership in the implementation of socio-economic development programs or investment projects, the researches of the diversity of public and private sectors, features of legal support of this interaction and identification of problems for its further development are extremely important. During the thematic research, the main relaxing (inhibitory) factors influencing the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine were identified, as well as key recommendations for improving the efficiency of public and private sectors of the economy. It is argued that the successful implementation of public-private partnership in Ukraine is possible only with mutual consideration of interests of the state and the private sector through trustful and transparent relationship between business and the state.","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127445914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-State Pension Insurance as a Promising Area of Social Policy of Ukraine","authors":"Alla Krushynska, I. Kravets","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the development of the pension system in Ukraine and the characteristics of its three levels. The state and problems of functioning of the first level of the pension system (solidarity) are characterized, the forecast of its development is made taking into account demographic changes and deficit of the Pension Fund of Ukraine. An analysis of the dynamics and structure of revenues and expenditures to the budget of the Pension Fund of Ukraine for 2017-2020 and a comparison of expenditure and revenue of the budget as a whole are committed. Changes in the minimum pension in Ukraine and its inability to ensure a decent standard of living when reaching retirement age are studied, based on which the relevance of launching the second level of the pension system and the transition to personalized funded pension accounts of employees are justified. A number of unresolved problems of launching the second level of the pension system in Ukraine are outlined and the main ones are singled out. Prospects for further development of the third level of the pension system are considered. The main indicators of activity of non-state pension funds and tendencies of their further development are given. A comparison of payments from the State Pension Fund of Ukraine and non-state pension funds with a conclusion on the growing relevance of the latter and their strong investment potential for the Ukrainian economy are carried out. The place and role of life insurance in the pension savings market are highlighted. The advantages of the pension insurance system in comparison with the existing models are substantiated. The calculation of the pension in the insurance company as an alternative method of long-term accumulation is conducted. The high prospects for the accumulation of pension capital to achieve prosperity through the system of non-state pension insurance are argued. Recommendations for reforming the pension system in Ukraine are given. The directions of state support of the third level of the pension system are substantiated, namely accumulative life insurance and its positive impact on economic processes in Ukraine, reduction of social tension and indirect reduction of budget payments to socially vulnerable groups.","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133119806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative Technologies in Education: National Foresight","authors":"V. Bohomazova","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.12","url":null,"abstract":"The development and implementation of new methods in scientific and educational processes should take into account a full-scale assessment of current needs in education / science and identify the most accordant and effective ways to respond to modern demands. The research is aimed at solving problems related to the formation of current priority areas of innovation in higher education. This involved the use of modern Foresight analysis methodology, which includes methods: horizon scanning, scientometric methods, expert groups and patent analysis. Identified global innovative trends in education, which are mainly related to the use of ICT and the introduction of new teaching methods: blended learning, augmented reality, non-standard teaching methods, artificial intelligence, e-Learning technology, learning applications, learning management system, digital transformation of education, financial literacy and entrepreneurship education, lifelong learning, horizontal learning, technology-friendly learning environment, corporate learning technology, smart learning, Big data, robotics, gamification and Blockchain. Based on scientometric analysis of the latest educational developments of the global publication database Web of Science, the Top 5 current global innovative areas in higher education are established: artificial intelligence, digital transformation of education, lifelong learning, gamification and robotic technologies. The analysis of the results of the first stage of the National Foresight revealed the needs of the national education system in innovations and showed that the proposals received from expert scientists mostly correspond to current global trends in higher education. The second stage of the national foresight allowed to identify thematic groups that are most in demand in the market of educational services (received the highest rating), including: «Educational standards and technologies of vocational training», «Psychological support of the educational process», «Inclusive education» and «Cultural and educational area, improving the quality of education using cultural heritage and political experience of society», «Digital transformation of education», «Artificial Intelligence», «e-Learning Technologies», «Horizontal Learning», «Communication between education and science».","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122181278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ukraine’s Industrial Policy: Intentions, Consequences, Prospects","authors":"V. Gerasymchuk","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.7","url":null,"abstract":"Attention is focused on the loss of Ukraine’s positions in the group of industrially developed countries of the world and the transition to the group of agro-industrial, «economies with a developing industry», «modest innovators / weak positions». The need to consider the development of the country’s industry throughout the entire historical period (from the end of the 17th century) on a multifactorial basis for the formation of a balanced state industrial policy is noted. The cyclical nature of the dynamics of GDP and industrial output during 1990–2021 has been investigated under the influence of external and internal factors. For an objective assessment of the efficiency of production and consumption of industrial goods, it is proposed to widely use economic indicators not only in monetary terms, but also in physical units. The groundlessness of the sharp loss of scientific and industrial complexes in key industries and the reorientation of the industrial sphere to small and medium-sized businesses has been proved. This approach led to a significant decrease in the competitiveness of the products of the domestic manufacturer in the domestic and foreign markets. The author is concerned about the hasty privatization, dismantling of industrial complexes with the irreversible loss of millions of highly qualified specialists in the creative industries. The consequences of unjustified restructuring are disclosed on the example of VEB Carl Zeiss Jena (Germany) and enterprises of the domestic military-industrial complex. The disagreement between the proclaimed state target programs for industrial development (1996, 2003, 2008 and 2013) and their failure to be implemented in practice was sharply criticized. It is emphasized that the main reason for the unsatisfactory development of the industrial sphere is the lack of an effective organizational and economic mechanism for managing government programs. The formation of an industrially developed country and its economy is possible, first of all, if there is a Strategy and a Strategist following the example of L. Erhard (Germany), Deng Xiaoping (China) or L. Balcerowicz (Poland).","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124245691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational and Financial Mechanism of Anti-Crisis Management of Business Entities","authors":"O. Kopylyuk, O. Muzychka","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.1","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes to consider crisis management of the entity on the basis of a systematic approach according to which the entity through a specific organizational and financial mechanism to diagnose and monitor crisis phenomena and threats, ensuring the efficiency and growth of the value of the entity taking into account risk-based approach. It is substantiated that the anti-crisis management should implement the strategic target «the costs of overcoming the crisis should be less than the costs of rehabilitation and liquidation of the business entity». It is proved that anti-crisis management as a continuous management process at the enterprise is preventive, anticipatory, reactive and rehabilitation. It is proposed to consider the organizational and financial mechanism of crisis management as a set of methods, tools, forms and levers for preventive and reactive measures of crisis management on the basis of subject-object relations, through which a certain goal is achieved — ensuring, restoring efficiency and increasing value of the business entity. Subjects and objects of anti-crisis management are specified. The subjects include the management of the enterprise depending on the forms of ownership and the state of corporate governance. The object of management is defined as potential, real and acute crisis phenomena. Crisis management methods are specified in the framework of tactical and strategic. Crisis management tools include: reduction of general administrative expenses, optimization of organizational structure, restructuring of enterprise assets, re-profiling, liquidation of receivables, SWOT-analysis, PEST-analysis. It is noted that the implementation of organizational and financial mechanism of crisis management of economic entities should provide crisis prediction and identification of potential risks, threats and dangers, assessment of financial and economic condition of the enterprise, its value, development of anti-crisis measures by mobilizing internal sources, implementation of financial measures, rehabilitation and reorganization, liquidation of the enterprise, controlling, monitoring and evaluation of anti-crisis management.","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121121137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provision of Capacity Territorial Communities in Ukraine","authors":"O. Vasylieva, O. Boiko","doi":"10.37491/unz.85-86.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37491/unz.85-86.6","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the essence of the concept of capacity of territorial communities in Ukraine in the context of local government reform. It is noted that one of the main tasks of local governments in the context of local government reform is to strengthen the capacity of the territorial community, which is able to ensure respect for the rights and interests of its inhabitants, as well as their protection. It is proved that strengthening the capacity of territorial communities is a process of increasing the ability of local governments to act within the law, implementing the rule of law. Gathering more powers and resources for the implementation of the united territorial communities, as well as responsibilities, should be the main result of the decentralization reform in Ukraine. That is why today the provision of the capacity of territorial communities is an urgent goal of both residents of territorial communities and local governments. It is noted that the territorial community, as an administrative-territorial unit of the basic level, is the integrity of the components: territorial-natural, demographic, economic, social and cultural-mental, and therefore is created by the criteria of historical certainty and socio-economic feasibility. It is proved that the capacity of the local community is the availability of budgetary, financial, resource, infrastructure and personnel conditions that determine the ability of the local community to provide quality public services to the population, as well as the ability to use their own potential — managerial, financial, economic, investment, human, public participation. It is noted that this area of research in the context of local government reform remains extremely relevant for further research.","PeriodicalId":106913,"journal":{"name":"University Scientific Notes","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131146305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}