The Open Urban Studies Journal最新文献

{"title":"Historic Cities and Tourism: Functional Dynamics and Urban Policy","authors":"M. Vinuesa, L. Torralba","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010047","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128364987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Historic Centre in Spanish Industrial and Post-Industrial Cities","authors":"Jesús M. González Pérez, R. Gonzalez","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010034","url":null,"abstract":"The congestion of the city area within the walls along the 19th century and the economic and social crisis of historic centres during most of the 20th century led to their deterioration. The theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation of domestic improvement and reform programmes have changed with time. With the beginning of the new century, urban dynamics in a globalized space are making historic places into real scenes for economic exploitation related to massive and residential tourism with a cultural brand design, as well as to property for well-to-do population. As a consequence, the social component took a secondary place in town planning theory. In this context, our essay is aimed at studying the response of town planning to the recovery of a historic city fully sharing the dynamics of a postmodernist and global metropolis. In the last few decades, the structure and morphology of the Spanish city have undergone dramatic changes. Spatial processes from the Anglo-Saxon world have an influence on the building of the contemporary Spanish city. In the global information society, film images of shopping malls, crowds in edge cities or theme parks are the best publicity for the building of these new urban landscapes (1), which are a reality in almost every city. The dense city developed until the 70's was followed by a dispersed city built with new elements from counterurbanization and suburbanization. The city organized around its heritage and the centrality of the pre-industrial city were followed by a new kind of city promoted by means of large heritage containers which -in too many ocasions- can even hide the importance and quality of the old town. In such a situation we wonder if a resident of Bilbao can feel more identified with the whole postmodern landscape built around the Guggenhaim Museum than with the Casco Viejo (historic core of the city) or the interesting 19th- century Ensanche de Poblacion (urban extension). Or if someone from Valencia boasts more about Santiago Calatrava's architecture (City of Arts and Sciences) than about the architecture in the Ciutat Vella (old town) and its extensive monumental heritage. It is not easy to answer these questions with certainty. In a way it could be so, but we must not forget that new architecture sectors are no more than leisure and shopping areas, mostly located in the outskirts - not in the case of Bilbao-, usually without a district structure and therefore places where no social relations exist. This is precisely a kind of relation easy to find in the dense and central city of the pre-industrial period (historic centre) and the first pre-industrialization (urban extension). In these conditions, the present historic city took on the principles of urban and intraurban competition in terms of tourism, leisure, business, population, cultural events, etc. The analysis of the 21st-century historic city is dealt with from a double point of view. Firstly, the analysis of the physic","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126628093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metropolitan Dynamics Typology of the Portuguese Urban System","authors":"Patrícia Abrantes, D. Pimentel, J. Tenedório","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010068","url":null,"abstract":"The metropolitan dynamics typology of the Portuguese urban system is the product of a methodology based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS). A GIS data describes six dimensions of metropolisation (population, economy, urban organisation, society and culture, networks and territorial organisation), based on a matrix of entities or indicators. Such a matrix has been subjected to treatment by neuronal networks through a Self-Organising Map (SOM). The method is robust in order to obtain a typology designated as DYMET (Metropolitan Dynamics Typology). As a result of the application of SOM’s classification algorithm ten types of areas were identified (metropolis core of Lisbon and of Porto, suburbanised area, suburbanised area in consolidation, potential metropolis centre, metropolisation area, area of urban dynamics, area of local centrality, peri-urbanised area, area with weak urban dynamics, area without urban dynamics) and compared to the typologies based on empirical studies of the Portuguese urban network developed mainly in the nineties. The identified types are described and characterised with some global dimension indicators.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132879686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Capital in Large Metropolitan Areas in the United States","authors":"W. Sander","doi":"10.2174/1874942900902010056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942900902010056","url":null,"abstract":"The evidence indicates that human capital is an increasingly important determinant of where firms and households locate in the United States. Further, large metropolitan areas have been shown to have an advantage in attracting and producing highly skilled workers. The research in this study provides new information on the relationship between specific large metropolitan areas and educational attainment. The effects of metropolitan areas on educational attainment are separated out from the effects of demographic and family background, household location at age sixteen, and migration. It is shown that metropolitan areas either have no effect or very modest effects on attainment with a few exceptions. Data from the National Opinion Research Center's \"General Social Survey\" (GSS) are used. The GSS is a large cross-sectional national sample of respondents who are at least eighteen years old and live in a non-institutional setting. It has been taken either annually or biannually since 1972. Data are used for samples from 1993 to 2008 so that the paper has a contemporary focus.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124496360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peru's participatory budgeting: configurations of power, opportunities for change","authors":"M. Hordijk","doi":"10.2174/1874942900902010043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942900902010043","url":null,"abstract":"In 2003, Peru adopted the \"Framework Law on participatory budgeting\". It requires all the municipal and regional governments to institutionalize a yearly \"participatory budgeting process\". The Peruvian Participatory Budgeting (PB) is inspired on the PB-experiment in Porto Alegre, Brazil, but differs on a number of important principles of design. Building on the existing evaluations of the Peruvian nation-wide implementation of PB (2003-2007), this article addresses both the pitfalls and the transformative potential of Peruvian PB. It does so by contrasting the Peruvian PB with PB in Porto Alegre along the four dimensions on which transformation has been recorded in Porto Alegre: (1) citizens, (2) civil society, (3) the state and (4) civil society - state relations.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133735777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of Agglomeration: Geography vs History","authors":"F. Goerlich, M. Mas","doi":"10.2174/1874942900902010028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942900902010028","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the influence of two classical drivers of population agglomeration: geography and history. Geography is identified by two co-ordinates: coastal position and altitude. The prominence of history is also captured by two characteristics: the initial size of the municipalities, and their status as the administrative centre of the area. In first instance we examine localization patterns, at a small geographical scale, according to these characteristics and present empirical evidence of the progressive population concentration along the coast, on the plains and in the regional (provincial) capitals; a process that has not finished in the present days. Next, we show that both drivers of population agglomeration, geography and history, are relevant for Spain and that they show an increasing explanatory power in accounting for population concentration. From a quantitative point of view the capital status factor shows the most prominent role. An exercise of conditional convergence shows that, even in the absence of these factors, we would have seen a significant amount of population concentration but at a smaller rate. Our reference is the census population data for Spanish municipalities for the period 1900-2001. Given the important changes in municipality structure, the eleven censuses have been homogenised according to the municipal structure of the 2001 Census.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121416038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Partnering Society : Governmentality, Partnerships and Active Local Citizenship","authors":"Magnus Dahlstedt","doi":"10.2174/1874942901002010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901002010018","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, governing through partnerships has become more and more common and is today reflected in a range of policy areas. In the following article, governing through partnerships is analyz ...","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121559506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Research on Urban Political Conflict: Policy Amidst Polarization","authors":"S. Bollens","doi":"10.2174/1874942900902010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942900902010001","url":null,"abstract":"Based on field research in politically contested cities in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East, this paper pro- vides a methodological guide to analyzing urban policy in jurisdictions with multiethnic conflict. It seeks to stimulate the intellectual development of comparative conflict studies by illuminating the issues involved in cross-national urban re- search in troubled settings of ethnic conflict and fragmentation. It describes why scholars must be clear in articulating the types of cities under study and how a specific analytic \"lens\" can be used to gain access to wider issues of urban govern- ance and policymaking in divided societies. Key urban ethnic conditions - territoriality/control over land, distribution of economic benefits and costs, access to policy-making, and group identity - are described in terms of how they can facili- tate or impede the movement toward peaceful co-existence. The paper positions the \"city\" not as a unitary actor but one that is internally differentiated and externally linked. A comparative analytic framework (\"scaffolding\") for cross-national research on urban conflict is then presented. Finally, empirical vignettes from eight contested cities in Spain, the former Yugoslavia, Israel/Palestine, South Africa, Cyprus, and Northern Ireland are provided to highlight how theoretical and conceptual understandings can make sense of case study findings and provide footing for theoretical advances and further case study selection as a multi-city research program continues.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132826952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Together or Separate in the Neighbourhood?: Contacts Between Natives and Turks in Amsterdam","authors":"P. Smets, N.A.W. Kreuk","doi":"10.2174/1874942900801010035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942900801010035","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of non-Western migrants and especially Muslims is an issue of hot public debate in the Nether- lands. This debate has been largely dominated by stereotypical images of Muslims and natives, which only serve to rein- force 'we-they' configurations. However, one gets a rather different view if one looks at the daily encounters between na- tives and Turks in an ethnically mixed neighbourhood in Amsterdam. The interactions between natives and Turks have thus been examined to gain insight into the dynamics of the interethnic contacts. This study reveals that contact between native born and Turks, and mutual judgements are manifold. In particular, the examination of the everyday interaction be- tween Turks and natives can enrich the debate on Turks (Muslims) and integration.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"330 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123225146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Power, Collective Memory, and American Central Cities: The Discourses of the Conservative Elite’s Counter-Memory of the City","authors":"A. J. Jacobs","doi":"10.2174/1874942900801010025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942900801010025","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the social construction of collective memory regarding American cities. Inspired by postmodern theory, both critical and urban, it argues that, in its efforts to expand its political power, the Conservative Elite has successfully waged a thirty year “mnemonic war” over the public memory of America’s central cities. It describes how in their attack, the Conservatives strategically utilized four vehicles of public discourse: political rhetoric, mass media depictions, think tank scholarship, and spatial semiosis. In doing so, the Conservatives have crafted a false consciousness or counter-memory of the city, a depiction which has served to diminish the social and economic value of U.S. central cities, and ultimately, characterized them as Foucaultian heterotopias of deviance (anti-utopias). By recasting the collective memory of the city, the Conservatives have harnessed and defused its historical and present power, squashed any related dissent, and expanded their influence across the metropolitan, national, and international landscapes.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131324784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}