The Open Urban Studies Journal最新文献

{"title":"The Historic Centre in Spanish Industrial and Post-Industrial Cities~!2009-04-07~!2009-05-15~!2010-03-02~!","authors":"Jesús M. González Pérez, R. Gonzalez","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003020034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003020034","url":null,"abstract":"The congestion of the city area within the walls along the 19th century and the economic and social crisis of historic centres during most of the 20th century led to their deterioration. The theoretical conceptualization and practical implementation of domestic improvement and reform programmes have changed with time. With the beginning of the new century, urban dynamics in a globalized space are making historic places into real scenes for economic exploitation related to massive and residential tourism with a cultural brand design, as well as to property for well-to-do population. As a consequence, the social component took a secondary place in town planning theory. In this context, our essay is aimed at studying the response of town planning to the recovery of a historic city fully sharing the dynamics of a postmodernist and global metropolis.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133690196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Tourism on Coastal Towns: From Improvisation to Planification~!2009-04-07~!2009-05-15~!2010-03-02~!","authors":"M. Mantiñán, X. M. S. Solla","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003020021","url":null,"abstract":"Tourist activity in Spain during the 1960s boosted the development of tourist centres, especially along the Mediterranean seaboard, and at the same time resulted in the construction of a true building barrier along the seafront. Despite the existence of legislation which regulated land use planning and several planning tools, major landscape and environmental impacts occurred, due to the difficulty of managing a territory over which sustainable and systemic planning was almost inexistent. During the last decade, the concerns of land use planning agents about controlling the town growth on the Spanish seaboard has increased. They have responded by creating new regulations and promoting a participative planning that involves the land planning agents and the different administrations. This should allow a comprehensive approach.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116364064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historic Cities and Tourism: Functional Dynamics and Urban Policy~!2009-04-07~!2009-05-15~!2010-03-02~!","authors":"M. Vinuesa, L. Torralba","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003020047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003020047","url":null,"abstract":"Within the context of far-reaching functional and social changes in the urban environment, historic Spanish cities are consolidating their position as important tourist destinations. Old and new functions coexist in permanent tension, the tension of change, and urban and tourism planning faces problems in adapting older cities scapes to new needs. An interesting process of urban recovery is taking place, with different impacts on different types of city, while the number of visitors, mostly Spanish, is rising significantly. At the same time, the stock of hotels and restaurants has been modernised, hospitality services improved, city centres made more compatible, and the range of cultural events widened. The explosion of mass tourism offers a new opportunity to address the issue of the functionality of the historic city and to establish new uses for underemployed heritage and city centre features.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132528732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medium-Sized Cities: Polycentric Strategies vs the Dynamics of Metropolitan Area Growth","authors":"Luis Alfonso Escudero Gómez, José Somoza Medina","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010002","url":null,"abstract":"The European territorial strategy known as the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) has as its main thrust the development of a multi-centred and balanced urban system. European, national, and regional investments have been concentrating on the formation of polycentric urban regions, or city clusters, in which medium-sized cities, acting as nodes, would have a major role. In this paper, an overall development index is applied to Spanish medium-sized cities. This uses economic, social, environmental, and territorial parameters to discover what their real growth trends are and what results have been achieved by policies for multi-centred development. In this way, it can be demonstrated that the efforts to create polycentric urban regions yield poorer results in development terms than the dynamic trend towards growth of metropolitan areas and those related to tourist activity on the coast. Factors driving this, related to the process of urbanisation in Spain over the last few decades, continue to override institutional land-use guidelines.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115807526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Tourism on Coastal Towns: From Improvisation to Planification","authors":"M. Mantiñán, X. M. S. Solla","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010021","url":null,"abstract":"Tourist activity in Spain during the 1960s boosted the development of tourist centres, especially along the Mediterranean seaboard, and at the same time resulted in the construction of a true building barrier along the seafront. Despite the existence of legislation which regulated land use planning and several planning tools, major landscape and environmental impacts occurred, due to the difficulty of managing a territory over which sustainable and systemic planning was almost inexistent. During the last decade, the concerns of land use planning agents about controlling the town growth on the Spanish seaboard has increased. They have responded by creating new regulations and promoting a participative planning that involves the land planning agents and the different administrations. This should allow a comprehensive approach.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127479915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urbanalisation: Common Landscapes, Global Places","authors":"Francesc M. Munoz","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010078","url":null,"abstract":"Discourses on urban globalisation have been considering the homogenisation of the built form as evidence of the impacts of internationalisation of economy on the city space. This is a statement that follows other similar approaches: the existence of a global architecture, the global domain of mass-media or the imposition of homogeneous lifestyles all around the planet. However, despite the fact of the repetition of some key spaces which are similarly replicated in cities around the world, it is also clear that differences between cities still remain. This paper suggests the concept of urbanalisation as based not on the homogenisation of cities and places but in the management of differences among them. This is to say, urban landscapes are not identical but they can appear as similar as the management of local special features allows. Thus, the explanation of the relationship between globalisation and the built urban environment focuses on the development of standardisation criteria that make differences between cities less evident. Architecture and urban design are used in this way as a real transformer that locates differences and peculiarities into a much simpler and understandable built form without any need to erase them. From this perspective, urbanalisation reveals a process of simplification of the city in which urban diversity and complexity are reduced to fit into a common visual order.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115537047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial Urban Trends in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"D. Herbert, M. Mantiñán, I. Schnell","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114265906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metropolitan Management and Spaces","authors":"R. González","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010028","url":null,"abstract":"The physical and functional growth of Spanish cities has been very intense over the past decades. This has brought about the appearance of the metropolitarisation phenomenon in a large number of cities, which, nevertheless, has not been paralleled with the formation of organizations able to manage this new spatial reality. This has produced a large number of malfunctions and problems in the administration of public services. In this analysis, the main problems that are derived from the maladjustment between the metropolitan space, as a geographical unit, and the territorial management formulas will be presented. And, secondly, an assessment of Spanish experience in the area of metropolitan management will be carried out. The city as a physical and functional organization has acquired new forms of growth over the past few decades. The traditional ways of defining a city have given way to new realities, which change very quickly, and make them become very complex spaces. Nevertheless, political- administrative structures evolve at a much slower pace, making management and planning notably more difficult, and introducing certain contradictions between the process of physical expansion and the systems of government. Even though terms such as governing, cooperation or management innovation are becoming more and more frequent in the speeches of politicians and technicians, the reality of the case of Spain and in other countries that surround Spain is that the basic administrative division, and the municipality artificially fragments the city as a physical and functional unit. Attempts to define the main urban-metropolitan agglomerations and many other cities, independent of their sizes, are based on an inadequate local policy framework. The new urban culture advances towards the substitution of the compact city models by new forms of a dispersed city, starting with the spread of one unit family residential models and a more extensive use of space (1). The dispersion of work centres (both tertiary and industrial) throughout the suburbs must also be recognized. Linked to this process of change are new issues, which urban managers must solve include: people mobility, consumption of land, and transport management. Thus, we are witnessing the substitution of the idea of the city as a delimited unit, defined by precise limits, by concepts such as metropolitan area, and urban functional region\", which define interaction spaces between a territory integrated by a reference urban center and other population nucleus placed in its surrounding zone of influence. Another frequently used concept is that of city region (2) where the city and its hinterland are seen as a social and functional unit.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125632448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sustainable Management of the City: Examples of Implementation of Agenda 21 in Spain","authors":"J. Vázquez, M. P. Otón","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010058","url":null,"abstract":"After the Rio Summit (1992), the European Conference on Sustainable Cities and Towns -held in Aalborg in May 1994- ended with the drawing up of the Aalborg Charter, a document signed by 80 European local administrations. This Charter set out the main principles of sustainable urban management through the Local Agenda 21 programme, with public-private agreement and citizens' participation as key principles. The work methodology of the Local Agenda 21 is based on the drawing up of several indicators on economic, social and environmental aspects. There are increasingly more municipalities in Europe implementing Local Agendas 21 and developing them through analysis, action plan and monitoring stages. This essay studies the implementation in Spain of two of the most important issues addressed in Local Agendas 21: sustainable mobility and the recovery of degraded urban areas. EMERGENCE OF THE LOCAL AGENDA 21 During the 1970's, European society in particular, but also the whole Western World, became more clearly aware that the economic growth model based on an irrational exploitation of natural resources and implemented without any environmental control could not be maintained indefinitely due to its unsustainability in the medium term, as some clear effects of environmental degradation were already evident. Thus, the need of a new development model entailing a rational management of natural resources with strict environmental control and protection instruments was recognized. However, it was not until the late 1980's that the concept of sustainable development spread, first appearing officially in the Brundtland Report of the United Nations World Commission on the Environment and Development in 1987, which defined it as: \"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs\". Taking this new concept as a starting point, there was an attempt to adopt a new alternative development model, which became a reality in the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, better known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. The Programme 21 came out of this summit. It was a comprehensive document which committed its signatories to boost sustainable development through the concepts of respect for the environment, social equity and durability (1).","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114365793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Process of Urbanisation and Reconfiguration of Spanish and Portuguese Cities","authors":"Lorenzo López Trigal","doi":"10.2174/1874942901003010014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874942901003010014","url":null,"abstract":"This study opens with concepts and features of new urban developments, current processes and the changing model of the city. It goes on to present the restructuring of territorial and urban systems in the Iberian Peninsula, with the consequent readjustment to city hierarchies and urban strategies. The text then focuses on a review of the characteristics of recent urban expansion based on, in the first place, the bibliography consulted, and in the second place, on field studies and interviews carried out with those responsible for various metropolises, which leads on to a comparative presentation of the pace and state of present day dynamics in Iberian cities.","PeriodicalId":106409,"journal":{"name":"The Open Urban Studies Journal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122777032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}