Metropolitan Management and Spaces

R. González
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Abstract

The physical and functional growth of Spanish cities has been very intense over the past decades. This has brought about the appearance of the metropolitarisation phenomenon in a large number of cities, which, nevertheless, has not been paralleled with the formation of organizations able to manage this new spatial reality. This has produced a large number of malfunctions and problems in the administration of public services. In this analysis, the main problems that are derived from the maladjustment between the metropolitan space, as a geographical unit, and the territorial management formulas will be presented. And, secondly, an assessment of Spanish experience in the area of metropolitan management will be carried out. The city as a physical and functional organization has acquired new forms of growth over the past few decades. The traditional ways of defining a city have given way to new realities, which change very quickly, and make them become very complex spaces. Nevertheless, political- administrative structures evolve at a much slower pace, making management and planning notably more difficult, and introducing certain contradictions between the process of physical expansion and the systems of government. Even though terms such as governing, cooperation or management innovation are becoming more and more frequent in the speeches of politicians and technicians, the reality of the case of Spain and in other countries that surround Spain is that the basic administrative division, and the municipality artificially fragments the city as a physical and functional unit. Attempts to define the main urban-metropolitan agglomerations and many other cities, independent of their sizes, are based on an inadequate local policy framework. The new urban culture advances towards the substitution of the compact city models by new forms of a dispersed city, starting with the spread of one unit family residential models and a more extensive use of space (1). The dispersion of work centres (both tertiary and industrial) throughout the suburbs must also be recognized. Linked to this process of change are new issues, which urban managers must solve include: people mobility, consumption of land, and transport management. Thus, we are witnessing the substitution of the idea of the city as a delimited unit, defined by precise limits, by concepts such as metropolitan area, and urban functional region", which define interaction spaces between a territory integrated by a reference urban center and other population nucleus placed in its surrounding zone of influence. Another frequently used concept is that of city region (2) where the city and its hinterland are seen as a social and functional unit.
都市管理与空间
在过去的几十年里,西班牙城市的物理和功能发展非常迅速。这导致了大量城市出现都市化现象,然而,这并没有与能够管理这种新的空间现实的组织的形成相提并论。这在公共服务管理方面造成了大量的故障和问题。在此分析中,将提出都市空间作为一个地理单元与地域管理模式之间的失调所产生的主要问题。其次,将对西班牙在都市管理方面的经验进行评估。在过去的几十年里,城市作为一个物理和功能组织获得了新的增长形式。定义城市的传统方式已经让位于新的现实,变化非常迅速,使城市成为非常复杂的空间。然而,政治-行政结构的发展速度要慢得多,使管理和规划明显更加困难,并在物质扩张过程和政府制度之间产生某些矛盾。尽管诸如治理、合作或管理创新等术语在政治家和技术人员的演讲中越来越频繁,但西班牙和其他西班牙周边国家的现实情况是,基本的行政区划和市政当局人为地将城市分割为一个物理和功能单位。界定主要城市-都市聚集区和许多其他城市的努力,不论其规模大小,都是基于不充分的地方政策框架。新的城市文化朝着用分散城市的新形式取代紧凑城市模式的方向发展,从一个单位家庭住宅模式的传播和更广泛的空间利用开始(1)。在整个郊区分散的工作中心(包括第三产业和工业)也必须得到承认。与这一变化过程相关的是城市管理者必须解决的新问题,包括:人员流动、土地消耗和交通管理。因此,我们正在目睹城市作为一个有界限的单位的概念被取代,由精确的界限定义,由诸如大都市区和城市功能区等概念定义,这些概念定义了由参考城市中心整合的领土与置于其周围影响区域的其他人口核心之间的相互作用空间。另一个经常使用的概念是城市区域(2),其中城市及其腹地被视为一个社会和功能单位。
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