Toxicology Research最新文献_第9页

Potential diagnostic biomarkers for lead-induced hepatotoxicity and the role of synthetic chelators and bioactive compounds. 铅诱导肝中毒的潜在诊断生物标志物以及合成螯合剂和生物活性化合物的作用。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-03-11 eCollection Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad014

Netranandini Lakka, Bhagyashree Pai, Monica Shirley Mani, Herman Sunil Dsouza

{"title":"Potential diagnostic biomarkers for lead-induced hepatotoxicity and the role of synthetic chelators and bioactive compounds.","authors":"Netranandini Lakka, Bhagyashree Pai, Monica Shirley Mani, Herman Sunil Dsouza","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfad014","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfad014","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (Pb2+) poisoning is a public health concern of global dimensions. Although several public health guidelines and workplace safety policies are existing and enforced, lead toxicity cases are drastically increasing. Lead exposure leads to numerous harmful consequences and causes adverse effects on different body organs and systems, mainly via the generation of reactive oxygen species, leading to augmented oxidative stress, competing with metal ions, and binding with the sulfhydryl groups. In several instances, lead poisoning cases remain undiagnosed and untreated or receive only symptomatic treatment. Estimation of blood lead levels reflects only a recent exposure, however, which does not reveal the total body burden. This review summarizes the effects of lead with special reference to hepatotoxicity and some of the potential diagnostic biomarkers. Furthermore, it also focuses on synthetic chelators used in the treatment of lead poisoning and the advantage of using bioactive compounds with an emphasis on the ameliorative effect of garlic.","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"178-188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10141777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9763097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differential phosphoproteome analysis of rat brain regions after organophosphorus compound sarin intoxication. 有机磷化合物沙林中毒后大鼠脑区的差异磷蛋白组分析

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-03-09 eCollection Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad013

Kalyani Chaubey, Syed Imteyaz Alam, Chandra Kant Waghmare, Bijoy K Bhattacharya

{"title":"Differential phosphoproteome analysis of rat brain regions after organophosphorus compound sarin intoxication.","authors":"Kalyani Chaubey, Syed Imteyaz Alam, Chandra Kant Waghmare, Bijoy K Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfad013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfad013","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sarin is a highly toxic organophosphorus nerve agent that irreversibly inhibits neuronal enzyme acetylcholinesterase. In the prevailing scenario, it is of paramount importance to develop early diagnosis and medical countermeasures for sarin exposure. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of sarin intoxication and perturbations in the associated cellular processes is likely to provide valuable clues for the elucidation of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for sarin exposure.Methods: Present study, uncovered the changes in phosphorylation patterns of multiple proteins in different rat brain regions after sarin intoxication using 2-DE/MS approach. It provided a holistic view of the phosphorylation-mediated changes in the cellular proteome and highlighted various signaling and response pathways affected at an early time point of sarin intoxication.Results: We found total 22 proteins in the cortex, 25 proteins in the corpus striatum, and 17 proteins in the hippocampus, showed ≥1.5 fold changes (hyper- or hypo- phosphorylated) with respect to control, either at 2.5 h or 1 d after sarin exposure. These results indicated the differential expression of phosphoproteins involved in protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, carbon metabolism, metabolic function, and energy metabolism.Conclusion: Four candidates (protein disulfide-isomerase A3, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, alpha-enolase, and creatine kinase B-type), hyperphosphorylated in all three brain regions, can be further studied to understand the molecular mechanism behind neurodegenerative changes mediated by sarin exposure. The study sheds light on major pathogenic processes initiated during sarin intoxication and provides putative diagnostic markers/therapeutic targets for further validation.","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"253-263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10141768/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper and flubendiamide: amelioration by antioxidants in vivo and in vitro. 评估铜和氟苯酰胺氧化应激介导的细胞毒性和遗传毒性：抗氧化剂在体内和体外的改善作用。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-03-07 eCollection Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad011

Rajesh Mandil, Atul Prakash, Anu Rahal, Swati Koli, Rahul Kumar, Satish K Garg

{"title":"Evaluation of oxidative stress-mediated cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of copper and flubendiamide: amelioration by antioxidants in vivo and in vitro.","authors":"Rajesh Mandil, Atul Prakash, Anu Rahal, Swati Koli, Rahul Kumar, Satish K Garg","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfad011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfad011","url":null,"abstract":"Present study was designed to evaluate toxic effects of copper (Cu) (@ 33 mg/kg b.wt.) and flubendimide (Flb) (@ 200 mg/kg b.wt.) alone and/or in combination on blood-biochemical indices, oxidative stress, and drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in vivo in male Wistar rats following oral exposure continuously for 90 days and their immunotoxic (cyto-genotoxic and apoptotic) potential in vitro on thymocytes. In in vivo study, ameliorative potential of α-tocopherol was assessed, whereas α-tocopherol, curcumin, resveratrol, and catechin were evaluated for protective effect in vitro. Significantly (P < 0.05) increased AST activity and increment in total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, and BUN levels; however, reduction in total protein, GSH content, reduced activities of SOD and GST, and increased lipid peroxidation and GPx activity with severe degenerative changes in histopathological examination of liver and kidney in group of Cu and Flb were observed. Treatment with α-tocopherol improved biochemical variables, redox status, and histoarchitecture of liver and kidney tissues. Reduced hepatic CYP450, CYPb5, APH, UGT, and GST activities observed in both Cu and α-tocopherol alone and their combination groups, whereas significant increment in Flb alone, while α-tocopherol in combination with xenobiotics improved the activities of hepatic DMEs. Primary cell culture of thymocytes (106 cells/ml) exposed to Cu and Flb each @ 40 μM increased TUNEL+ve cells, micronuclei induction, DNA shearing, and comet formation establishes their apoptotic and genotoxic potential, whereas treatment with antioxidants showed concentration-dependent significant reduction and their order of potency on equimolar concentration (10 μM) basis is: curcumin > resveratrol > catechin = α-tocopherol.","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"232-252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10141782/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9763099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of leaking chemicals from serum infusion sets: an in-vitro study. 血清输液器中泄漏的化学物质的细胞毒性和基因毒性效应：一项体外研究。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-02-28 eCollection Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad010

Ayşegül Özlü, Gökçe Taner

{"title":"Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of leaking chemicals from serum infusion sets: an in-vitro study.","authors":"Ayşegül Özlü, Gökçe Taner","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfad010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfad010","url":null,"abstract":"Safety concerns about medical devices playing important role in health sciences and bioengineering research are rising day by day. Although there are specific standards regarding disposable medical materials, the information is updating with the toxicological studies. In this study, cytotoxic/genotoxic effects of chemicals leaking from serum infusion sets that have an important place in the clinic were investigated. Media containing leakage chemicals were prepared from equal samples taken from the plastic line sections of 13 different brands of serum infusion sets containing phthalates and the effects on the cultured cells were compared with the untreated control groups. To obtain leaking chemicals, extracting period was selected as 72 h, a routine set-change time in the clinic as indicated in various publications. Neutral red uptake and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tests were performed in L929 cells to determine cytotoxicity, and cytokinesis blocked micronucleus technique was performed in lymphocytes to determine genotoxicity. Cytotoxic and genotoxic damage levels were compared by evaluating cell-viability rates relative to control, micronucleus frequency, and nuclear division index values. The results showed that all sets caused a decrease in cell viability revealing the effects both on lysosomal and mitochondrial activity and increase in micronucleus frequencies in general. The number of similar studies is extremely limited, and in this study in addition to the short-term effects of using the serum infusion sets, the information about the sample tests to determine the biosecurity of disposable medical materials is given.","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"224-231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10141771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of serum metabolomics and network pharmacology reveals the immunoenhancing mechanisms of Qishenbuqi capsules. 血清代谢组学与网络药理学的结合揭示了七参芪胶囊的免疫增强机制。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-02-14 eCollection Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad008

Ziyu Zhao, Yuhui Fan, Yutao Cui, Lan Yang, Yanfei Wu, Yuan Yuan, Ping Zhang, Ruping Zhao, Jianjun Ji, Sheng Xu, Xuemei Qin, Xiao-Jie Liu

{"title":"Integration of serum metabolomics and network pharmacology reveals the immunoenhancing mechanisms of Qishenbuqi capsules.","authors":"Ziyu Zhao, Yuhui Fan, Yutao Cui, Lan Yang, Yanfei Wu, Yuan Yuan, Ping Zhang, Ruping Zhao, Jianjun Ji, Sheng Xu, Xuemei Qin, Xiao-Jie Liu","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfad008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfad008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Qishenbuqi capsule (QSBQC), a listed Chinese patent prescription, comprises of 4 herbs. Clinically, it has been shown to improve immune functions.Methods: Subjects with Qi deficiency and non-Qi deficiency were recruited, who then took QSBQC for 4 weeks. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores and the levels of white blood cells, CD3+ T cells (CD3+), CD4+ T cells (CD3+CD4+), CD8+ T cells (CD3+CD8+), and CD4+/CD8+ were determined. Serum metabolomics was used to explore the metabolic mechanisms of QSBQC on improving immunity. Meanwhile, the potential active ingredients, targets, and pathways of QSBQC on enhancing immunity were screened by network pharmacology.Results: QSBQC significantly improved TCM syndrome scores and increased the number of CD8+ T cells of both Qi deficiency and non-Qi deficiency subjects. Serum metabolomics revealed that QSBQC regulated 18 differential metabolites and 8 metabolic pathways of Qi deficiency, and 12 differential metabolites and 7 metabolic pathways of non-Qi deficiency subjects. The \"herbs-compounds-pathways\" diagram showed that PQ-2, cimifugin, and divaricatol were the main active components. Pathways in cancer and arginine and proline metabolism could be the most important pathways.Conclusion: Our research revealed the immunoenhancing mechanisms of QSBQC and improved the combination of TCM theory and modern western medicine theory.","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"201-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10141780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9763100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LC-ESI-MS phenolic contents assessment, antioxidant, and protective ability of Punica granatum root bark extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: in silico H⁺, K⁺-ATPase inhibitory pathway study. LC-ESI-MS酚类物质含量评估、抗氧化性和对乙醇诱导的大鼠胃溃疡的保护能力：H+、K+-ATP酶抑制途径的硅学研究。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-02-09 eCollection Date: 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad006

Hichem Alimi, Faten Haj Mabrouk, Nacim Zouari, Mohsen Sakly, Khémais Ben Rhouma

{"title":"LC-ESI-MS phenolic contents assessment, antioxidant, and protective ability of Punica granatum root bark extract against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats: in silico H+, K+-ATPase inhibitory pathway study.","authors":"Hichem Alimi, Faten Haj Mabrouk, Nacim Zouari, Mohsen Sakly, Khémais Ben Rhouma","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfad006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfad006","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the Punica granatum root bark extract's (PGE) antioxidant and gastroprotective activities against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats and to elucidate the putative mechanism of action using in silico analysis. The PGE phytochemical study shows high levels of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and polysaccharides. In vitro, the PGE was more effective at scavenging hydroxyl radicals than quercetin and had lower ferric reducing activity than catechin. In vivo, it was revealed that pretreatment of ethanol-ulcerated rats with PGE at oral doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg b.w. offered a dose-dependent shield against ethanol-induced ulcers when compared to Omeprazole (20 mg/kg b.w.) by preventing the development of deep ulcer lesions, lowering gastric juice output and pH rises, boosting gastric mucus production and antioxidant enzyme levels, and attenuating malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase contents. Moreover, the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of PGE identified 5 phenolic acids and 4 flavonoids, which revealed an in silico high oral bioavailability, drug-likenesses, and good binding affinities and thus inhibitory effects on the gastric H+, K+-ATPase enzyme. PGE may have synergistic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and H+, K+-proton pump inhibitory actions that contribute to its antiulcer efficacy.","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"12 2","pages":"189-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10141772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9747193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Salidroside protect Chinese hamster V79 cells from genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by CL-20. 苷盐保护中国仓鼠 V79 细胞免受 CL-20 诱导的基因毒性和氧化应激。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad004

Cunzhi Li, Hui Deng, Zhiyong Liu, Xiaoqiang Lv, Wenzhi Gao, Yongchao Gao, Junhong Gao, Lifang Hu

{"title":"Salidroside protect Chinese hamster V79 cells from genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by CL-20.","authors":"Cunzhi Li, Hui Deng, Zhiyong Liu, Xiaoqiang Lv, Wenzhi Gao, Yongchao Gao, Junhong Gao, Lifang Hu","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfad004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/toxres/tfad004","url":null,"abstract":"Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) is a high-energy elemental explosive widely used in chemical and military fields. CL-20 harms environmental fate, biosafety, and occupational health. However, there is little known about the genotoxicity of CL-20, in particular its molecular mechanisms. Therefore, this study was framed to investigate the genotoxic mechanisms of CL-20 in V79 cells and evaluate whether the genotoxicity could be diminished by pretreating the cells with salidroside. The results showed that CL-20-induced genotoxicity in V79 cells primarily through oxidative damage to DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation. Salidroside could significantly reduce the inhibitory effect of CL-20 on the growth of V79 cells and reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Salidroside also restored CL-20-induced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in V79 cells. As a result, salidroside attenuated the DNA damage and mutations induced by CL-20. In conclusion, oxidative stress may be involved in CL-20-induced genotoxicity in V79 cells. Salidroside could protect V79 cells from oxidative damage induced by CL-20, mechanism of which may be related to scavenging intracellular ROS and increasing the expression of proteins that can promote the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes. The present study for the mechanisms and protection of CL-20-mediated genotoxicity will help further to understand the toxic effects of CL-20 and provide information on the therapeutic effect of salidroside in CL-20-induced genotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"133-142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9972843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9372700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Determination of possible contraceptive potential of methanolic leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. in adult male rats: a biochemical and histological study. 修正:测定长叶薄荷醇叶提取物对成年雄性大鼠可能的避孕作用:生化和组织学研究。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad002

引用次数: 0

Correction to: Dezocine induces apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma Hela cells via the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. 更正:地佐辛通过内质网应激途径诱导人宫颈癌Hela细胞凋亡。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac082

引用次数: 1

Toxic mechanism of the Mongolian medicine "Hunqile-7" based on metabonomics and the metabolism of intestinal flora. 基于代谢组学和肠道菌群代谢的蒙药“浑孜乐7号”毒性机制研究。

IF 2.1 4区医学

Toxicology Research Pub Date : 2023-02-01 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac081

Xiye Wang, Leer Bao, Mingyang Jiang, Dan Li, Liang Xu, Meirong Bai

{"title":"Toxic mechanism of the Mongolian medicine \"Hunqile-7\" based on metabonomics and the metabolism of intestinal flora.","authors":"Xiye Wang, Leer Bao, Mingyang Jiang, Dan Li, Liang Xu, Meirong Bai","doi":"10.1093/toxres/tfac081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfac081","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional Mongolian medicine Hunqile-7 (HQL-7), which is mainly used to relieve pain in clinic, has certain toxicity. Therefore, toxicological investigation of HQL-7 is of great significance to its safety assessment. In this study, the toxic mechanism of HQL-7 was explored based on a combination of metabolomics and intestinal flora metabolism. UHPLC-MS was used to analyze the serum, liver and kidney samples of rats after intragastric administration of HQL-7. The decision tree and K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) model were established based on the bootstrap aggregation (bagging) algorithm to classify the omics data. After samples were extracted from rat feces, the high-throughput sequencing platform was used to analyze the 16s rRNA V3-V4 region of bacteria. The experimental results confirm that the bagging algorithm improved the classification accuracy. The toxic dose, toxic intensity, and toxic target organ of HQL-7 were determined in toxicity tests. Seventeen biomarkers were identified and the metabolism dysregulation of these biomarkers may be responsible for the toxicity of HQL-7 in vivo. Several kinds of bacteria was demonstrated to be closely related to the physiological indices of renal and liver function, indicating liver and kidney damage induced by HQL-7 may be related to the disturbance of these intestinal bacteria. Overall, the toxic mechanism of HQL-7 was revealed in vivo, which not only provides a scientific basis for the safe and rational clinical use of HQL-7, but also opens up a new field of research on big data for Mongolian medicine.","PeriodicalId":105,"journal":{"name":"Toxicology Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"49-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9972816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10827199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0