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On the Efficiency of Competitive Energy Storage 论竞争性储能的效率
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-06-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3405058
R. Schmalensee
{"title":"On the Efficiency of Competitive Energy Storage","authors":"R. Schmalensee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3405058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3405058","url":null,"abstract":"When energy storage is employed to facilitate large-scale integration of intermittent renewable electricity generation, do competitive bulk power markets continue to provide incentives for efficient investment? This essay adds competitively-supplied storage to a Boiteux-Turvey model of an electric power system with two types of periods. In the most interesting, tractable cases of this dynamic model, all efficient points are long-run competitive equilibria, and the long-run equilibrium value of storage capacity minimizes expected system cost conditional on generation capacities. But the analysis here cannot rule out the existence of inefficient equilibria.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"36 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132574902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Diagonal Cumulation and Sourcing Decisions 对角线累积和采购决策
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-06-12 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-8884
P. Bombarda, Elisa Gamberoni
{"title":"Diagonal Cumulation and Sourcing Decisions","authors":"P. Bombarda, Elisa Gamberoni","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-8884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-8884","url":null,"abstract":"Products must fulfill predetermined rules of origin to be exported under the preferential access granted by a free trade area member. In turn, rules of cumulation establish which countries' inputs qualify when computing the extent of origin of a product. Recent literature shows that restrictive rules of origin affect sourcing decision by reducing imports of intermediate goods from third countries relative to free trade area partners. This paper uses the introduction of the Pan-European Cumulation System in 1997 to explore the effects of rules of cumulation on trade in intermediate goods. The system provided the European Union Free Trade Area's peripheral partners (''spokes'') the possibility of cumulating stages of production from more countries to qualify for preferential access to the European Union market. Therefore, the system might have altered the organization of production in European Union centric value chains. The paper estimates a triple difference-in-differences specification and exploits different control groups. The results show that the effects of rules of cumulation on trade in intermediates are larger, with the stricter rules of origin applied to the related final good. When switching from bilateral to diagonal cumulation, the analysis finds a reduction in spokes' imports of intermediates from the rest of the world relative to those from spoke, reinforcing value chain connections within the cumulation zone. The analysis also finds a reduction in spokes' imports from the European Union 15 relative to the rest of the world and the Spokes. The findings suggest that the Pan-European Cumulation System allowed a reassessment of sourcing decisions: thanks to the possibility to cumulate, peripheral countries re-organized global value chain links.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130931374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Future of U.S. Carbon-Pricing Policy: Normative Assessment and Positive Prognosis 美国碳定价政策的未来:规范评估和积极预测
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-05-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3399122
Robert Stavins
{"title":"The Future of U.S. Carbon-Pricing Policy: Normative Assessment and Positive Prognosis","authors":"Robert Stavins","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3399122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3399122","url":null,"abstract":"There is widespread agreement among economists--and a diverse set of other policy analysts--that at least in the long run, an economy-wide carbon pricing system will be an essential element of any national policy that can achieve meaningful reductions of CO2 emissions cost-effectively in the United States. There is less agreement, however, among economists and others in the policy community regarding the choice of specific carbon-pricing policy instrument, with some supporting carbon taxes and others favoring cap-and-trade mechanisms. This prompts two important questions. How do the two major approaches to carbon pricing compare on relevant dimensions, including but not limited to efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and distributional equity? And which of the two approaches is more likely to be adopted in the future in the United States? This paper addresses these questions by drawing on both normative and positive theories of policy instrument choice as they apply to U.S. climate change policy, and draws extensively on relevant empirical evidence. The paper concludes with a look at the path ahead, including an assessment of how the two carbon-pricing instruments can be made more politically acceptable.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121935629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Policies As Information Carriers: How Environmental Policies May Change Beliefs and Consequent Behavior 政策作为信息载体:环境政策如何改变信念和随之而来的行为
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-04-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3376635
A. Koessler, S. Engel
{"title":"Policies As Information Carriers: How Environmental Policies May Change Beliefs and Consequent Behavior","authors":"A. Koessler, S. Engel","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3376635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3376635","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses how policy interventions not only alter the legal and financial framework in which an individual is operating, but can also lead to changes in relevant beliefs. We argue that such belief changes in how an individual perceives herself, relevant others, the regulator and/or the activity in question can lead to behavioral changes that were neither intended nor expected when the policy was designed. In the environmental economics literature, these secondary impacts of conventional policy interventions have not been systematically reviewed. Hence, we intend to raise awareness of these effects. In this paper, we review relevant research from behavioral economics and psychology, and identify and discuss the domains for which beliefs can change. Lastly, we discuss design options with which an undesired change in beliefs can be avoided when a new policy is put into practice.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116953329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Estimating Energy Price Elasticities When Salience Is High: Residential Natural Gas Demand in Ukraine 当显著性较高时估计能源价格弹性:乌克兰居民天然气需求
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-03-20 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3357039
A. Alberini, Olha Khymych, Milan Ščasný
{"title":"Estimating Energy Price Elasticities When Salience Is High: Residential Natural Gas Demand in Ukraine","authors":"A. Alberini, Olha Khymych, Milan Ščasný","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3357039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3357039","url":null,"abstract":"Despite its importance for policy purposes (including climate policy and the energy transition), evidence about the price elasticity of natural gas demand in the residential sector is very limited and based on inference from situations with modest variation in prices. We focus on a locale and time when price changes were extreme and presumably salient to consumers, namely Ukraine between 2013 and 2017. We exploit the tariff reforms and detailed micro-level household consumption records to estimate the price elasticity of the demand for natural gas. To isolate behavior, attention is restricted to those households that made no structural energy-efficiency upgrades to their homes, and thus kept the stock of gas-using capital fixed. We further examine the short-run elasticity by restricting the sample to a few months before and after the tariff changes. Our results suggest that under extreme price changes, households are capable of reducing consumption, even without installing insulation or making any other structural modifications to their homes. The price elasticity is about -0.16. Wealthier households, people living in multifamily buildings, and heavy users have more inelastic demands. Households reduced consumption even when they received “subsidies,†namely lump-sum government assistance, suggesting that when the price signal is sufficiently strong, lump-sum transfers have only a minimal effect on consumption. We also find some evidence that the stronger the salience, the stronger the responsiveness to price, although this effect is modest and may partly overlap with that of income or baseline consumption. Our data also suggest that the consumers with the lowest uptake of energy efficiency improvements might be those who—by necessity or through skills—are the most productive at reducing energy use through behaviors.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127333834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A Green New Deal: Discursive Review and Appraisal 绿色新政:话语回顾与评价
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-03-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3347494
Usman W. Chohan
{"title":"A Green New Deal: Discursive Review and Appraisal","authors":"Usman W. Chohan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3347494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3347494","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of a Green New Deal as an ecology-centered economic stimulus program has garnered increasing political capital in recent years, particularly in OECD countries. However, resistance by political detractors has muddled the discourse under the accusation that it is a ‘far-fetched’ or ‘unworkable’ idea. This discussion paper seeks to review the extant literature on the Green New Deal, and its appraisal indicates that much theoretical and empirical basis already exists for such a proposal to be implemented. The review thereby corroborates the base case for implementing such ecological-economic stimulus programs.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125008012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Potential Use of the Life Satisfaction Approach to Value Nonmarket Goods and Services 生活满意度评价非市场商品和服务的潜在用途
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2019-01-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3339200
C. J. Fernandez, D. Raitzer, Edimon Ginting
{"title":"Potential Use of the Life Satisfaction Approach to Value Nonmarket Goods and Services","authors":"C. J. Fernandez, D. Raitzer, Edimon Ginting","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3339200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3339200","url":null,"abstract":"Economic analysis often faces challenges in the valuation of non-market goods and services. The traditional set of non-market valuation tools for measuring Marshallian economic surplus has limitations related to potential bias in stated preferences and endogeneity of non-market amenity placement in revealed preference studies. The life satisfaction approach offers a Hicksian compensating variation-based alternative, which uses self-reported subjective well-being to calculate the marginal rate of substitution of income for non-market amenities or services. The conceptual basis for the approach is explained and illustrated with an example from Iloilo, Philippines. Recommendations are offered for future application of the technique in the economic analysis of investment projects.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129675104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Determinants of the WTI-Brent Price Spread Revisited 重新审视WTI-Brent原油价差的决定因素
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2018-12-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3305692
Jerome Geyer‐Klingeberg, A. Rathgeber
{"title":"Determinants of the WTI-Brent Price Spread Revisited","authors":"Jerome Geyer‐Klingeberg, A. Rathgeber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3305692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3305692","url":null,"abstract":"We apply autoregressive distributed lag regression (ARDL) and several methods of structural break analysis on a daily data set between 1995 and 2014 to explore various supply and demand factors as drivers of the price differential between WTI and Brent crude oil. In line with previous literature, we identify a major break in the WTI-Brent spread in December 2010. The ARDL regression reveals that the convenience yield, as a proxy for crude oil inventories, is the most important spread determinant. Moreover, also the trading activity in crude oil paper markets, shipping costs, as well as the stock market development in the US and Europe affect the size of the spread. Unlike other papers, we find that the impact of the spread determinants changed after the break in 2010. Especially, the impact of local WTI inventories as well as the influence of paper markets activity on physical trading in crude oil spot markets have gained in importance. In summary, the rising variability in the spread time series after 2010, which reflects a decoupling process of WTI and Brent, can be explained by an absolute increase in several economic determinants.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129761440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Household Cooking Fuel Choice in India, 2004-2012: A Panel Multinomial Analysis 2004-2012年印度家庭烹饪燃料选择:面板多项分析
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2018-12-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3303404
Ying-Min Kuo, Mehtabul Azam
{"title":"Household Cooking Fuel Choice in India, 2004-2012: A Panel Multinomial Analysis","authors":"Ying-Min Kuo, Mehtabul Azam","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3303404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3303404","url":null,"abstract":"We use two waves of nationally representative India Human Development Survey to examine factors driving the cooking fuel choice in urban and rural India, separately. We utilize a random effects multinomial logit model that controls for unobserved household heterogeneity. We find that a clean-break with the use of traditional fuels is less likely in rural areas, but more probable in urban areas. The household characteristics (e.g. income, education) that are positively correlated with use of clean fuel also increases the probability of fuel stacking for rural households. We also find that access to paved road is an important determinant for rural household adopting clean fuel, and there exists evidence of social spillover effects in rural areas. Moreover, the bargaining power of women that is associated with economic status (e.g. education or economic freedom) is positively associated with the use of clean fuel. Finally, we find considerable impact of liquefied petroleum gas prices on the probability of use of clean fuel for urban households, but no significant impact for rural households.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"57 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123425157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Rural Non-Farm Engagement and Agriculture Commercialization in Ghana: Complements or Competitors? 加纳农村非农业参与与农业商业化:互补还是竞争?
Econometric Modeling: Agriculture Pub Date : 2018-11-29 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3293320
P. Nkegbe, A. Araar, B. Abu, Yazidu Ustarz, H. Alhassan, E. Setsoafia, S. Abdul-Wahab
{"title":"Rural Non-Farm Engagement and Agriculture Commercialization in Ghana: Complements or Competitors?","authors":"P. Nkegbe, A. Araar, B. Abu, Yazidu Ustarz, H. Alhassan, E. Setsoafia, S. Abdul-Wahab","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3293320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3293320","url":null,"abstract":"We used an endogenous switching probit and a generalized structural equation model (GSEM) to assess the effect of non-farm participation on householders’ decisions to sell and on the level of commercialization of agricultural goods in Ghana. For this study, we used the Ghana Living Standards Survey for the years 2012-2013 and found that non-farm participation consistently increased both the probability of selling crops and quantities sold. We concluded that non-farm engagement by farmers boosts market participation and commercialization in Ghana, implying that non-farm engagement and agricultural commercialization are complementary. Developing the agricultural sector requires the government to create the conditions necessary to stimulate farmers’ participation in non-farm activities.","PeriodicalId":105811,"journal":{"name":"Econometric Modeling: Agriculture","volume":"2020 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130249707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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