Volume 9: Supercritical CO2最新文献

{"title":"Parametric Modeling and Economic Analysis of a 2MWth 3-Stream sCO2 Heat Exchanger","authors":"Joshua D. Neveu, Owen M. Pryor, Stefan D. Cich, E. Stechel","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-80558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-80558","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents the design and cost optimization of a novel 2MWth 3-stream sCO2 plate-fin heat exchanger. This heat exchanger design is unique in that it uses reduced metal oxide particle-to-sCO2 heat exchanger for cost-effective energy storage applications. The design uses low velocity, laminar air as the re-oxidizing reactant to transfer the heat of the re-oxidizing reaction to a sCO2 power loop. The design of the heat exchanger is based on a 2-D, 3-fluid plate/fin heat transfer model. The model parameterizes the size, shape, and number of passages of the heat exchanger to calculate the temperature profile, pressure drop, and fluid velocities of all three fluids. Global heat exchanger parameters such as the effectiveness and total heat transferred to the sCO2 are then calculated for overall performance. Due to the value and increased use of sCO2 heat exchangers in power cycles, a cost model of the system based on the unique high temperature/high pressure operating conditions was created using quotes from reference projects and market analysis. These quoted air-to-sCO2 heat exchangers are then processed using multiple weighting factors pertinent to heat exchanger design, including heat exchanger type, maximum temperature, differential pressures, fluids, duty, and more. These factors are then used in an exponential function in order to generate a parameterized cost curve. The design and cost of the heat exchanger are then optimized using the SMPSO genetic algorithm in Python. The optimization objectives for the system are to maximize the overall system effectiveness, including an air recuperator for preheating, and to minimize unit costs. Additional constraints are added to the system for the sCO2 and air pressure drops, air velocity to reduce particle entrainment, and the length and volume of the heat exchanger.","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121808832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of sCO2 Waste Heat Recovery System for Application in a Cement Plant","authors":"L. Vesely, S. Macadam, J. Kapat, G. Subbaraman","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-83440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83440","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The industrial sector contributes approximately 28% of global CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions from energy-intensive industries can be reduced by converting waste heat into electricity. This represents a low-cost, zero-emissions power generation option with near-term deployment opportunities. One energy-intensive industry is cement production. Two cement plant heat sources are flue gas streams from preheater and clinker cooler, with temperatures of 250–450 °C. Potential energy conversion systems include Organic Rankine (ORC), steam Rankine (SRC), and supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles. ORC/SRCs have been commercially deployed in cement plants. However, sCO2 power cycles offer benefits such as high thermal stability of CO2, higher cycle efficiencies, and compact power generation equipment. The paper is focused on multi-objective optimization of four sCO2 cycle layouts (Recuperated, Re-compression, Partial recuperative, and cascade) and comparison with ORCs/SRCs. The optimization considers waste heat temperatures of > 300°C. The results show that sCO2 power cycles can reach cycle efficiencies up to 30 %, which is higher than corresponding ORCs and almost similar to SRCs. However, cycle efficiency is not the only parameter to evaluate waste heat utilization. More meaningful parameters are the net power and capital costs. Results show higher power outputs from the sCO2 cycle compared to ORCs and SRC.","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124920574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Laser Igniter for Direct Fired sCO2 Combustor","authors":"Sreenath B. Gupta, S. Aithal, A. Hosangadi, T. Weathers, J. Fetvedt","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82220","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The combustor of a typical Allam-Fetvedt cycle has pressures ranging up to 300 bar and CO2 dilution levels up to 90% by volume, which present a rather challenging environment to ensure reliable ignition. Laser igniters offer improved performance under such adverse conditions, i.e., extend ignitability to a wider range of pressures, equivalence ratios and dilution levels. Additionally, unlike hypergolic igniters laser igniters can be used for ignition multiple times. Additionally, the capability of laser igniters to ignite at higher pressures reduces the relight operation in a power plant from several hours to less than a second. In this paper we report our efforts to design and develop a laser igniter for such combustors. First, high-fidelity CFD modeling was performed for a combustor geometry fueled by coal-derived syngas. Based on the predicted flow field, a laser igniter having a capability to place the ignition kernel at the optimal location was designed and developed. Finally, the performance of the laser igniter was evaluated using several bench-scale tests using premixed mixtures of coal-derived syngas and oxidizers. These bench-scale tests showed that laser ignition was possible over a wide range of equivalence ratios, ϕ = 0.7 to 1.6, and initial pressures up to 50 bar. These tests also showed that multiple ignition kernels form at the focal point along the laser line of sight. Both volumetric ignition and use of multiple ignition pulses (i.e., burst mode) significantly improve ignitability of the fuel-oxidizer mixtures.","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121473630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Windage Loss and Flow Characteristics in Impeller Back Clearance of sCO2 Centrifugal Compressor","authors":"Lehao Hu, Qinghua Deng, Zhigang Li, Jun Li, Z. Feng","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82921","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, the windage loss and the flow characteristics in impeller back clearance divided into disk-type and shaft-type clearance for sCO2 compressor are investigated by numerical method. The effects of rotation speed, inlet pressure and disk-type clearance width on the windage loss and flow characteristics are analyzed in detailed. Through detailed numerical verification, realized k-ε turbulence model is finally selected, and all simulations are performed under the condition of the rotation speed of 20 ∼ 60 kr/min and inlet pressure of the 9 ∼ 12 MPa, respectively. The study results show that windage loss in disk-type clearance increases with rotation speed and inlet pressure increasing, and the influences of rotation speed on windage loss are more obvious than that of inlet pressure. Both the flow instability and more vortexes at inlet become main reasons why windage loss increases. The relative deviations of 105% ∼ 217% between Daily’s loss model results and simulated results indicate that loss model is not applicable to predict the windage loss. What more, the windage loss in shaft-type clearance is basically increases linearly with the rotation speed and inlet pressure increasing. The proportion of windage loss in shaft clearance to total loss ranges from 9% to 16%, which indicates the windage loss in shaft-type clearance can be neglected for the preliminary design on sCO2 compressor. In addition, the maximum relative deviation of 2 % for the leakage model can be completely applicable to the design of sCO2 compressor. Disk-type clearance width has significant influence on both loss and flow characteristics. The windage loss in disk-type clearance decreases with the clearance width increasing, and the variation rate of windage loss increases as the clearance width increases. Larger width makes number of vorticities decrease at turning angle and changes flow direction easily, which is favorable to decrease windage loss. Finally, Daily’s loss model is modified and the modified loss model is validated. The maximum relative deviation of 17% for modified loss model is completely accepted, which indicates the modified loss mode can substantially improve accuracy of calculating windage loss in the impeller back clearance of sCO2 centrifugal compressor.","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114114318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leakage Characteristics of a Stepped Balance Piston Labyrinth Seal in Supercritical CO2","authors":"Jason C. Wilkes, N. Smith, Karl D. Wygant, Abhay V. Patil, Chris D. Kulhanek","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-83262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83262","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In an integrally geared compressor, there is a net thrust load on the pinion shaft from gear loads and aerodynamic forces. The net thrust on the pinion is resolved with either a thrust bearing or a thrust collar (rider ring). As the pressure increases, this increases the aerodynamic force proportionally. In high-pressure systems this can overwhelm the thrust bearing or thrust collar if thrust is mismanaged. In a recent test program for an sCO2 integrally geared compander (compressor/turbine), a balance piston was created on the opposite end of the turbine to provide an equalizing thrust; while this is not novel, the balance piston provided a test apparatus for measuring the leakage on a 20 tooth stepped labyrinth seal operating at pressures in excess of 250 bar (3600 psi).\u0000 The stepped balance piston seal is a 20 tooth tooth-on-rotor balance piston seal. This type of seal was selected since it was predicted to have substantially less leakage than a comparably sized straight through labyrinth seal. Comparisons between the two designs will be made, showing that the leakage of the stepped balance piston seal is considerably lower. The tooth clearance on the seal was selected to be 30 mils radial. While this seems large, a stack-up tolerance assessment showed that this magnitude of clearance was appropriate to prevent rotor stator contact.\u0000 During the testing campaign, data was recorded showing the leakage across this stepped balance piston seal at pressures in excess of 250 bar (3600 psi) with a pressure ratio of 2. This leakage data was measured, and will be compared to leakage data predicted with CFD. Two measurement methods are presented for the stepped balance piston seal: an orifice plate and valve.\u0000 The predicted seal leakage from a straight through seal was four times that of the predicted stepped labyrinth seal. The measured flow from the stepped seal was on the same order as the CFD prediction and offered adequate rotordynamic performance.","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123855972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Effect of Inclination on sCO2 Heat Transfer in a Circular Pipe","authors":"Emmanuel Gabriel-Ohanu, Alok Shah, Akshay Khadse, E. Fernandez, J. Kapat","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-83412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83412","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) can be utilized as a working fluid in various thermal systems including large scale power cycles; portable power production units, centralized coolant systems and standalone cooling devices. However,the lack of accurate prediction tools such as heat transfer coefficient correlations, and insufficient research studies about the mechanisms controlling heat transfer processes, are hindering its practical realization for key energy and cooling systems. The overall objective of this study is to extend fundamental knowledge about heat transfer and fluid dynamic processes in conduits pertinent to sCO2 with an emphasis on flow inclination and directional effects. This paper present the a study on effects of gravity, buoyancy on sCO2 flow at temperature near and away from the pseudocritical temperature. The experimental setup consists of a high temperature and pressure sCO2 heat transfer loop and flow testing facility. Recently researched sCO2 heat exchangers can have tubes oriented at different angles such as 45° or 90° to horizontal. For optimized design of efficient and cost-effective turbo-machinery components utilizing sCO2 as the heat transfer fluid, an understanding of convective heat transfer inside a tube/pipe is equally as important as external heat transfer. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on sCO2 heat transfer at various inclinations with angles ranging from 0° (horizontal) to 90° (vertical) along with upward and downward flow direction with different inlet temperature. Thermocouple based temperature measurement is utilized at multiple locations within the test section axially and circumferentially to study the temperature distributions on the tube surface. Computational Fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been performed using ANSYS Fluent to complement experimental data. The CFD and experiment have been analysed against known Gnielinski nusselt number correlation.","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124976557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a 2 MW Molten Salt Driven Supercritical CO2 Cycle and Turbomachinery for the SOLARSCO2OL Demonstration Project","authors":"R. Guédez, S. Barberis, Simone Maccarini, A. López-Román, A. Milani, E. Pesatori, Unai Oyarzábal, Alvaro Sánchez","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82013","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Supercritical CO2 (sCO2) power cycles have been identified as technology enablers for increasing the cost-competitiveness of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants. Compared to steam cycles, sCO2 cycles have the advantage of allowing higher inlet turbine temperatures, while also deploying turbomachinery that can be a ten-fold more compact. Ongoing research in CSP focuses mainly in developing new receiver and storage concepts able to withstand such required higher temperatures, alongside new heat exchangers that enable coupling to a sCO2 cycle. Meanwhile, advancements in sCO2 turbomachinery have taken place in research projects aimed at investigating the technical feasibility of the cycle, including the optimized design of its individual components and new cycle configurations. Among these, only few focus in demonstrating a full-integrated system, including cycle control and dynamics, and only two worldwide have started plans for MW-scale pilots, none of them in Europe. The EU-funded SOLARSCO2OL project aims at demonstrating a first-of-a-kind 2 MW gross simple-recuperated sCO2 Brayton cycle driven by heat provided by molten salts similar to those deployed in commercial CSP plants, which are able to operate at temperatures of up to 580°C. This paper introduces the project objectives and implementation plan, to then focus primarily on the results derived from the first year in specific relation to the conceptual design of each of 2 MW scale power cycle and its key components, including also the proposed integration and operational regimes, expected thermodynamic performance at nominal point, and up-scaling considerations.","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131881670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Stage Radial Compressor for a Kilowatt Scale Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Power Block: Design Considerations","authors":"Lakshminarayanan Seshadri, Ashutosh Patel, Vijayalaxmi Biradar, Pramod Kumar, P. Gopi","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-81699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81699","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Potential applications of kilowatt (kW) scale supercritical Carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton power systems include exhaust waste heat recovery in diesel engines and bottoming cycles for biomass gasifier-driven gas turbines. However, the practical realization of the kW scale single-stage sCO2 turbomachinery is associated with several challenges. While a hermetically sealed arrangement is most beneficial, it is fraught with large windage losses in the motor rotor cavity. The high windage losses in the single-stage setup are primarily due to high shaft speeds. These issues limit the commercial utility of kW scale sCO2 Brayton power cycles. In order to mitigate these issues, the design of a two-stage unshrouded radial compressor unit for a kW scale sCO2 Brayton cycle is described in this study. The working pressures are 103 bar/ 170 bar, and the compressor mass flow rate is 2 kg/s. These optimal operating pressures are obtained taking into consideration both thermodynamic power and motor/disc windage losses. The two rotors are mounted on a single shaft in a double-ended configuration where the axial thrusts act in opposite direction. The compressor blade profiling is carried using a standard design tool. The performance of the compressor is assessed using a 1D mean-line calculation to estimate the overall efficiency. Using this approach, an overall compressor efficiency of ∼ 71.8 % (including motor and disc windage losses) is attained. A 3D CFD simulation is carried out at the design point to validate 1D data. Rotodynamic analysis is carried out to determine the first and second shaft critical speeds of the rotor-shaft configuration. Structural analysis is carried out to ensure that the maximum Von-Mises stresses are well below the material limits.","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134628203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of an Air-Cooled Condenser for CO2-Based Mixtures: Model Development, Validation and Heat Exchange Gain with Internal Microfins","authors":"Viktoria Illyés, E. Morosini, Michele Doninelli, P. David, Xavier Guerif, A. Werner, G. Di Marcoberardino, G. Manzolini","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-82438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-82438","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 CO2 blends provide tremendous advantages when used as a working fluid in transcritical power cycles with respect to pure CO2. The benefits become especially apparent if coupled with concentrated solar power since increasing the critical temperature of the blend with respect to pure CO2 allows dry condensing at high ambient temperatures in locations of high solar radiation. One key cycle component is the cooler, which in this work is designed as an air-cooled condenser with a MATLAB in-house code. The internal, condensation heat transfer model used in this paper relies on a correlation developed by Cavallini (2006). The model itself is validated against experimental data from a test rig for heat transfer measurements on a CO2 + R1234ze(E) mixture. The resulting design of the condenser is compared with the commercial software HTRI for a specific case study which is representative of the condenser of a recuperated cycle working with a CO2 + C6F6 blend. The authors also present an upgraded heat exchanger design with microfinned tubes, the DIESTA tubes, and groovy fins on the air side. The design of the heat exchanger adopting the mixture is compared to a case with pure CO2 as the working fluid.","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115673746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Innovative Concentrated Solar Power Plants Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Mixtures","authors":"X. Liao, S. Chalumeau, F. Crespi, C. Prieto, A. López-Román, P. Rodríguez de Arriba, N. Martínez, D. Sánchez, A. Paggini, P. David","doi":"10.1115/gt2022-83576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-83576","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The SCARABEUS project, funded by the European Commission, is currently investigating the potential gains brought about by the utilization of carbon dioxide mixtures in supercritical power cycles of Concentrated Solar Power plants, in lieu of the common Rankine cycles based on steam turbines or even pure carbon dioxide cycles. The analysis has already confirmed that it is possible to attain thermal efficiencies higher than 51% when ambient temperatures exceed 40°C, which is unheard of when conventional technology or standard CO2 technology is used. Additionally, this extraordinary performance is achieved with simpler cycle layouts, therefore with lower capital costs. The additives considered include organic and inorganic compounds which are added to the raw carbon dioxide in a variable proportion, depending on the composition of the additive and on ambient temperature. Regardless, it is important to assess whether or not there is an additional environmental advantage in terms of carbon dioxide and other potential hazards brought about by the new chemicals in the system. This is presented in this paper where the results obtained so far by the consortium for the carbon footprint from a Life Cycle perspective are discussed. Along with the assumptions and methodology, the results are compared for three reference plants: state-of-the-art CSP plant based on steam turbines, innovative CSP plant using pure supercritical CO2 technology, and the SCARABEUS concept using supercritical CO2 mixtures. The results are promising as they suggest that it is possible to reduce the carbon footprint of a 110 MWe CSP plant to be significantly less than 27kgCO2/MWh from the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5).","PeriodicalId":105703,"journal":{"name":"Volume 9: Supercritical CO2","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126446944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}