ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped最新文献

{"title":"Ensuring access for people with disabilities to the national information infrastructure and multimedia computing","authors":"E. Glinert","doi":"10.1145/569295.569297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/569295.569297","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction to the May, 1992 issue of\"Communications of the ACM\" pointed out how surprisingly large a segment of the population of the United States suffers from a disability of some sort. According to the latest census figures, 49 million U.S. citizens identify themselves as having one or more disabilities. Of those 49 million, 24 million classify themselves as severely disabled. Thus, it should come as no surprise that a recent report entitled \"High Performance Computing and Communications.\" Toward a National Information bfrastructure\" by the Office of Science and Technology Policy noted that:","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"2009 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125589661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes for a seminar: insights from a system specification aid","authors":"G. A. Creak","doi":"10.1145/270893.270894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/270893.270894","url":null,"abstract":"I describe an approach to specifying computing systems which shows promise as an aid in the design of systems for rehabilitation purposes. This approach has been developed as part of a continuing programme of investigation into the use of multiple communication channels in rehabilitation computing systems. When the work began ( 1988 ) there was little material on the design of computer systems for rehabilitation, and much evidence from the indifferent quality of some of the available software that design aids would be of value. It seemed clear that aids for design and specification could lead to better rehabilitation computing systems; here I advocate what appears to be a new approach to specification. Some earlier work is described in two reports, while the context of the study is set out in a previous note.The approach is directed primarily at computists as they develop designs for the computer component of a rehabilitation system. Clinical questions are not explicitly treated, and are assumed to have been settled before the technical design begins. ( That is not a requirement of the approach, and one would hope for interaction between clinical and technical design in practice, but the assumption gives a useful demarcation line for the discussion. )Why might we need special design techniques for rehabilitation systems ? At the level of detail, we don't, as there are already many tested methods for developing software from specifications --- although it would be encouraging to have rather more evidence that they are widely used. Composing the specifications is another matter, and here rehabilitation systems have two special features. First, the proper aim is communication, not merely character transmission; I shall discuss this point further. Second, we are commonly working with unconventional input or output equipment, where the computists' usual assumptions might not be appropriate. It is in these areas that the specification aid is effective.The approach is not ( yet ? ) a formal design technique. At present it is in the nature of a checklist, focusing attention on certain attributes of information handled in the system under consideration.","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132328136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presentation of images for the blind","authors":"Satoshi Ina","doi":"10.1145/242574.242576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/242574.242576","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a method on how to present natural color photographs or scenes to the blind. In our system original photographs or scenes are taken in computer's memory through image scanner or video camera as digital images, which are image-processed and translated into tactile images on Braille paper. We applied some image-processes to original images to simplify them by extracting some attributes from them. These image-processed images are transformed into final tactile images, which are to be easy to understand for the blind. We show some examples of image-processes and tactile images.","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114187776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer graphics for the blind","authors":"Satoshi Ina","doi":"10.1145/231674.231677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/231674.231677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a tactile hard-copy system which help an \"active tactile graphics\" for the blind. Here the word \"active\" means that the blind can make graphics programs and deal with computer graphics by his own efforts. It translates the color graphics on the screen into an embossed dots image on paper. To get a precise embossed dots hard-copy close to the real graphics screen, we adopted a Braille printer plotter. The program stays resident in computer's memory, and a push of COPY key at any time starts to make an embossed hard-copy of the current graphic screen. By this system and computer language like C, the blind can try to make graphics programs and examine the colors and the graphic figures constructing the screen graphics. The system can extract several combinations of colors from the whole graphics selectively and make the hard-copys. This color selective hard-copys help the blind understand the whole graphics as a result, because each hard-copy reduces the complexity of the graphics and tends to be easier to examine by touch.","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115624281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WAB: World Wide Web access for blind and visually impaired computer users","authors":"Andrea R. Kennel, L. Perrochon, A. Darvishi","doi":"10.1145/231674.231675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/231674.231675","url":null,"abstract":"A blind or visually impaired user can get lost in hyperspace on one single W3-page. This paper presents Web Access for Blind users (WAB), a working system which makes web-surfing easier for blind persons. Normally, structure and meta information in HTML documents are displayed visually and are difficult for blind users to recognize. WAB transforms structure and meta information into a form that can be more easily read by visually handicapped people. Titles, links and form elements are described textually. Special navigation aids allow the blind user to navigate through the title hierarchy as well as through the list of links. The implemented system works with any World-Wide-Web-browser and any screen reader. No additional software has to be installed on the user's computer.","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117346174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WG 13.3 1993–1995 activity report. Lisbon, Oct 1995","authors":"J. Abascal","doi":"10.1145/221315.221326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/221315.221326","url":null,"abstract":"(user specified) voice and automatically read Web pages as they appear. Also, using the Screen Reader keypad, the user who is blind can step through the links one at a time, and do the keypad key sequence to click on a link to follow it. Many times the potential of the profile language (PAL) of Screen Reader/2 surprises even me. A Screen Reader/2 user in Toronto wanted even simpler access to the Web. He modified the Explorer profile so that the Tab key (on the keyboard) moved forward in links (Shift-Tab, backwards) and so that keyboard Enter did the click. So, even though the WebExplorer is not keyboard enabled (just like Mosaic and Netscape), Screen Reader/2 can make it keyboard enabled. New and exciting profiles, like this one, will be available on the IBM Special Needs Gopher Site off of os2info.austin.ibm.com, Screen Reader documents and papers about Screen Reader/2 are available there too. 1. A bit of history IFIP stands lbr International Federation lor Information Processing. It was created in the 60's under the UNESCO patronage. The IFIP General Assembly held in San Francisco in 1989 decided the creation of a Technical Committee on Human-Computer Interaction headed by Professor Shackel. The Inaugural Meeting of this new TC was held in Cam-bridge (UK) on September 1, 1990. In its second meeting celebrated in Stuttgart, on September 5,1991, the creation of a Working Group on Human-Computer Interaction and People with Special Needs was considered. Professor Julio Gonzalez Abascal proposed the provisional aims and scope. WG 13.3 terms of reference were approved by the IFIP General Assembly in 1992. 3. AIMS The principal objectives of the Working Group will be: To make HCI designers aware of the needs of people with disabilities. To recommend guidelines for the design of HCI to facilitate the use of computers by people with disabilities. • To monitor the latest developments in the design of HCI and their impact on accessibility and usability. • To encourage the development of inlormation systems and complementary tools which permit the adaptation of the human interface for each specific user. 4. SCOPE There are over 500 million people with disabilities in the world. A large proportion are socially excluded as a result of their situation. It is now recognized that developments in IT/HCI can help to maximize choice and integration. However, there is also a danger that such developments can lead to …","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125792948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equal access to information for all: making the world of electronic information more accessible to the handicapped in our society","authors":"A. Karshmer, K. Kaugars","doi":"10.1145/221315.221328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/221315.221328","url":null,"abstract":"On March 27th, 1995, the World Wide Web and the information super highway took a big step on the road to becoming the new window into the world of information. On that date MCI began its InternetMCI service. The net surfer can now shop, get critical information and news, get investment advice and much more. And this is only the first step. By a series of simple mouse clicks, the user has almost instant access to services and products almost anywhere in the world.The use of modern computers and software by the visually handicapped has become more difficult over the past few years. In earlier systems the user interface was a simple character based environment. In those systems, simple devices like screen readers, braille output and speech synthesizers were effective. Current systems now run Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) which have rendered these simple aids almost useless. In no area has this problem become more important than in technologies for the handicapped. What has become enabling technology for the sighted has become disabling technology for the visually impaired.","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"2004 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129764349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note on the new screen reader/2 for OS/2","authors":"J. Thatcher","doi":"10.1145/221315.221324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/221315.221324","url":null,"abstract":"A major recent event for the SIG was ASSETS'94, the First International ACM/SIGCAPH Conference on Assistive Technologies, which was held at the Doubletree Hotel in Marina del Rey (Los Angeles), California, on October 31 and November 1 of 1994. A total of 60 attendees (51 flom the United States, 3 each li'om England and Japan, and 1 each from Switzerland, Germany and Greece) gathered to hear 22 papers on the latest research intended to help people with a variety of disabilities. Randy Dipner, CEO of Meeting the Challenge Inc. and current Vice President of ACM, gave the keynote talk. Because the organizing committee was extremely frugal in its expenditures, attendees were able to enjoy top--quality meals as an integral part of the program for a registration fee just slightly more than that charged by other conferences which do not provide a similar benefit. The bottom line for ASSETS'94 was a net loss of just under $2,000, which I view as quite satisfactory under the circumstances.","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128904014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Department of defense interests","authors":"J. Baca","doi":"10.1145/221315.221316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/221315.221316","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124263338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A note from the chairman","authors":"E. Glinert","doi":"10.1145/221315.221317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/221315.221317","url":null,"abstract":"This is our Region's second attempt at a Newsletter and hopefully you will find it informative. We have provided some benchmarking data from our region and the State for you to use as comparison for your individual units in your Performance Improvement projects. In addition, we have provided some facility capability data only for informational purposes. Also included are the most recent proposed State guidelines that have been recently developed for Geriatric Trauma.","PeriodicalId":105690,"journal":{"name":"ACM Sigcaph Computers and The Physically Handicapped","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1995-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122283977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}