Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination最新文献

{"title":"Stationary maintenance bodies of EMERCOM of Russia: current state and directions of development","authors":"V. A. Aristarkhov, P. Grishankov, O. Dvoenko","doi":"10.25257/fe.2023.1.89-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2023.1.89-98","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The article considers the issue of formation and development of maintenance units in fire service system, from the post-war years to the present. The positive and negative aspects of various forms functioning of maintenance bodies within EMERCOM’s of Russia system have been defined. The relevance of presence of stationary maintenance bodies within EMERCOM’s of Russia system in the form of a “federal autonomous institution” and/or structural subdivision of a territorial body has been confirmed. The directions for further work related to managerial decision making support in matters concerning the setting up of maintenance institutions (subdivisions) in a territorial body of EMERCOM of Russia have been determined. Methods. A retrospective analysis of an expert assessment made it possible to determine strengths and weaknesses of various types of maintenance units functioning of EMERCOM of Russia. Findings. The analysis of functioning of stationary maintenance bodies of EMERCOM of Russia for the period 2002–2021 has been carried out. As part of the study, an expert survey has been conducted with the involvement of specialists having necessary competencies in the field of maintenance units management. In the course of the study the conclusion has been made that the most effective form of functioning of a stationary maintenance institution is the form of a “federal autonomous institution”. At the same time, the presence in a territorial body of EMERCOM of Russia of a maintenance unit in organizational and legal form of a “federal autonomous institution” does not exclude the possibility of establishing a maintenance unit in the form of a structural subdivision of the territorial body and vice versa. Research application field. The obtained results can be used in practical work of command and control bodies of EMERCOM of Russia in the course of organizational design of territorial fire and rescue garrisons in solving problems of ensuring technical preparedness of fire and rescue units. Conclusions. The presence of stationary maintenance units in territorial bodies of EMERCOM of Russia allows increasing the efficiency and quality of solving tasks to ensure technical preparedness of fire and rescue units. Moreover, the possibility of choosing the organizational and legal form of the maintenance body allows expanding the range of tasks to be solved, enhancing the efficiency of their work, creating conditions for attracting qualified personnel and developing the material and technical base, which is especially important for EMERCOM of Russia in modern socio-economic conditions.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129384390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESEARCH OF BREAKOUT WAVE PARAMETERS AT DESTRUCTION OF TANKS WITH A CAPACITY UP TO 30 000 M3 IN EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS","authors":"S. Shvyrkov, S. Puzach, S. Goryachev, A. Shvyrkov","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.1.12-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.1.12-18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129489783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FIRE HAZARD ANALYSIS IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR OF MONGOLIA","authors":"Uuganbayar Enkhtayvan","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.1.81-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.1.81-88","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128463159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOW MANY FIRES OCCUR IN AFRICA?","authors":"N. Brushlinsky, S. Sokolov, P. Wagner, Berlin Fire","doi":"10.25257/fe.2020.4.73-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2020.4.73-79","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128274324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTEGRATED APPROACH TO THE FORMATION OF CHILDREN’S FIRE SAFETY BEHAVIOUR CULTURE","authors":"Elena Klepko, A. Chistyakov, V. Sidorkin, A. Chistyakova","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.2.52-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.2.52-56","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129779743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leakage current value when extinguishing live electrical equipment by automatic gas and water fire suppression systems","authors":"M. Aleshkov, Andrey A. Kolbasin, D. A. Ioshchenko, Aleksander M. Solonenko","doi":"10.25257/fe.2023.2.56-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2023.2.56-65","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE. The article studies the issue of extinguishing live electrical equipment by means of automatic fire suppression systems (AFSS). The purpose of the work is to assess the possibility of personnel’s safe use of various types of automatic fire suppression systems when extinguishing live electrical equipment at power facilities. The authors analyze the statistics of transformer substation and cable duct fires in the Russian Federation within the period from 2018 to 2021 and regulations in the field of application of automatic fire suppression systems for extinguishing fires of live electrical equipment. A series of experiments was carried out to determine the leakage current when a fire extinguishing agent is supplied from AFSS to energized equipment. METHODS. To study the possibility of using AFSS in case of fires of live electrical equipment at power facilities, methods of analysis and experiment are used. FINDINGS. The first series of experiments was carried out on an automatic gas fire suppression system using halon 125 as a fire extinguishing agent. Extinction of B1 simulated fire sources filled with n-heptane was carried out. Over the whole experiment on the hand-operated starting device of the automatic system leakage current did not exceed the threshold non-perceptible value of 0.5 mA. The second series of experiments was carried out on a water spray automatic fire suppression system. The large spray angle of the nozzles prevented the entire amount of fire extinguishing agent from reaching the standard target; therefore, in order to obtain more accurate data, a new target sized 3 000×3,000 mm was manufactured. Spray nozzles with different k-factor values were investigated. The experiment made it possible to determine the values of leakage current on a pump unit body and spray nozzle. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The obtained experimental data indicate the possibility of safe use of water spray and gas automatic fire suppression systems to extinguish live electrical equipment. CONCLUSIONS. The results of the study can provide a substantiation for measures that exclude electric shock to facility personnel in case of using automatic fire suppression systems when extinguishing live electrical equipment.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132054187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On applying module of the radar signals system during search and rescue operations","authors":"A. Mokshantsev, Kh.A.M.N. Malfi","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.4.13-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.4.13-22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121428819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying technological and functional characteristics of long-term quickly erected geodesic dome shelters for the needs of EMERCOM of Russia","authors":"A. Kolpakov, O. Dolgov, V. V. Zykov, I. M. Kolpakova, S. Popov","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.3.14-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.3.14-26","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. A technological and functional analysis of features of structural-power schemes (SPS) of long-term quickly erected geodesic dome shelters for the needs of airmobile groups of EMERCOM of the Russian Federation was carried out. The results of the interdisciplinary study of the two types of SPS geodesic dome structures with expanded capacity were presented. Methods. Based on the calculations results, the curves of the technological and functional features of the investigated types of SPS of long-term quickly erected geodesic dome shelters for the needs of airmobile groups of EMERCOM of Russia were obtained, which ultimately resulted in making a comprehensive comparative evaluation by the use of a graphic-analytical method. Findings. The outcomes of the two variants of SPS complex comparison according to technological and functional criteria allow us to confirm the undeniable advantages of the second type of SPS (a hemisphere based upon a cylinder) compared to the firstone (3/4 segment of the ball). Considered in the article the structural and technological solutions resulting from applying an integrated approach will allow designing new, more comfortable and technically advanced long-term quickly erected dome shelters by increasing the construction and mobility efficiency; by simplifying the erection process due to the structural elements unification, visual control of the correct assembly during the structure erection, control of the technical condition of the structure during operation. The given factors are especially relevant in the context of solving the problems of accommodating large groups of people who urgently need to be provided with long-term accommodation in emergency situations. Research application field. The results obtained will make it possible to adequately choose the type of geodesic dome SPS to create long-term shelters to ensure more efficient operations of airmobile groups of EMERCOM when eliminating consequences of emergencies. Conclusions. As a whole, these circumstances make the second variant of SPS preferable from the point of view of ensuring simplification of the technology for erecting long-term shelters, which is especially important for a large-scale construction. The use of the second type of SPS as quickly-erected long-term geodesic dome shelters in the future can increase the effectiveness of EMERCOM airmobile groups when eliminating consequences of emergencies.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126599958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the tactical capabilities of gas and smoke protection service units when working in difficult conditions","authors":"I.V. Korshunov, Aleksander V. Smagin, V. V. Terebnev","doi":"10.25257/fe.2023.2.66-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2023.2.66-72","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE. Orientation of the gas and smoke protection service (GSPS) unit when working in an unbreathable environment while rescuing people and extinguishing fires is a rather difficult task. It becomes even more difficult if a fire occurs in challenging environment, for example, in subway tunnels or cable structures of energy enterprises. The length of these objects can reach several hundred meters, and, as a rule, there are only two entry points for GSPS units in them: an entrance and an exit located on opposite sides of the structure. The authors have analyzed means of GSPS unit orientation in conditions of bad visibility. With the help of mathematical calculations, the expediency of introducing the considered methods into practice is substantiated. METHODS. The article presents an analysis of the ways and methods of GSPS unit orienting. On the basis of mathematical analysis, possible circumstances of the smoke divers operation in a fire are predicted. FINDINGS. A preliminary assessment of GSPS units’ tactical capabilities operating in difficult fire conditions in the subway tunnel has been carried out. Calculations of GSPS unit operation parameters have been made in accordance with the generally accepted methodology. It has been determined that even under the most favorable conditions the GSPS unit is not able to complete the task without having clear spatial references. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results obtained can be used in smoke divers training, as well as in the practical activities of firefighters guarding metro and energy facilities. CONCLUSIONS. The authors have proposed variants of signs and markings that allow smoke divers to determine their location in a timely manner and make competent management decisions. Introducing the proposed methods for GSPS units orienting will make it possible to perform the tasks of rescuing victims as quickly and safely as possible.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116094275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BANDAGE FITTING ALGORITHM IN A HORIZONTAL TANK WITH HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS","authors":"A. Denisov, S. Sheremetiev","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.4.62-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.4.62-68","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133263456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}