Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination最新文献

{"title":"Prospects for air curtains application in smoke protection system of buildings. Analysis of regulatory documents requirements","authors":"S. Kalmykov, M. V. Panov, V. Tokarev, Nataliya V. Koroleva","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.2.88-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.2.88-93","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE. Analysis of using air curtains in various industries of our country including smoke protection systems for buildings shows that air curtains are widely used now. However, until recently, air curtains have not been used in smoke protection systems. Meanwhile, their use will allow solving a number of problems in the field of smoke protection. The aim of the study was to identify fire regulation shortcomings of air curtains use in smoke protection systems, as well as to find possible ways for further research in this field. METHODS. To evaluate the available data theoretical research methods have been used: analysis and synthesis. FINDINGS. The analysis of normative documents on air curtains use in the field of smoke protection, calculation methods of air curtains, as well as research in this field showed the shortcomings of air curtains fire regulation and the problems of calculation methods. Possible ways of research and search for air curtains optimal parameters for the purposes of building smoke protection are determined. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results of the regulatory documents analysis on air curtains use in the field of smoke protection, calculation methods of air curtains, as well as previous studies can be used for further research of air curtains for smoke protection in order to obtain optimal parameters to improve their efficiency in fire conditions. In the future this will improve the method of air curtains calculating for smoke protection purposes, as well as eliminate the shortcomings of fire regulation in this field. CONCLUSIONS. According to the results of regulatory requirements analysis it has been found that at present a sufficiently large number of parameters, which can significantly affect the efficiency of air curtains to protect openings in fire conditions are not taken into account. The formulas for calculation methods of air curtains are derived from the equations for an isothermal jet and do not take into account the impact of the jet on heat and mass transfer in the room under fire, as well as the influence of thermogasdynamic conditions on the jet in the room. To determine the optimal parameters of air curtains for the purposes of building smoke protection, a more detailed study of heat and mass transfer processes based on a three-dimensional mathematical model (CFD modeling) and field experimental studies are required.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129655201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method of improving systems ensuring reduction of fire and industrial hazard","authors":"D. Korolev, A. Vytovtov","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.2.35-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.2.35-44","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE. The scientific article raises an urgent issue of implementing primary measures aimed at ensuring fire and industrial safety. Fire distances between the protected object and the forest stand (lands), the implementation of which is not always possible for a number of reasons (environmental aspect, climatic changes, building density, etc.), were chosen as the object of the study. METHODS. The unified approach based on the knowledge of thermal radiation intensity, computer modeling and mathematical dependencies is proposed as a solution to the problem. At the same time, the construction of the numerical experiment was carried out on the basis of the regression response, which was the desired response of the mathematical model. FINDINGS. Based on information indicators (type of forest plantation, intensity of heat flow, etc.), the working mathematical model for calculating fire distances presented in the form of formulas was obtained. The verification was carried out and minimum fire distances between forest stands and the protected object were determined. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The presented approach is a unified way to solve specific problems at implementing primary fire safety measures. It can be used by local authorities in rural settlements at determining safe fire distances between forest stands and residential buildings, as well as industrial facilities. CONCLUSIONS. The result of the study is the mathematical model and mathematical dependencies that allow calculating minimum fire separation distances that ensure the stable functioning of the protected object. In addition, the compensatory measures are proposed in case of emergency.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122697678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern technologies to perform work under low visibility conditions (part 1)","authors":"V. Fedyaev, E. A. Agaeva, O. Dvoenko, A. Sokovnin, Sergey A. Shkunov","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.2.94-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.2.94-99","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE. The result of extinguishing fires depends on the efficiency and coherence of work of fire department personnel, engaged in extinguishment. In most cases, the work of firefighters takes place in limited visibility conditions. In this regard, it is necessary to use technical means to increase visibility under such conditions. The article proposes the use of a device developed by the specialists of State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia and presents comparative results of visibility research using various technical means. METHODS. Specialists of State Fire Academy of EMERCOM of Russia conducted comparative experimental research to assess visibility in a closed dark room using individual lighting devices and a developed device. FINDINGS. It is proposed to use the developed device when working under limited visibility conditions, which will increase the efficiency of fire department personnel during fire extinguishment and rescue operations. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The results obtained and further research are of practical importance in improving the efficiency of fire department personnel in limited visibility conditions. CONCLUSIONS. The analysis based on practice and conducted experimental research showed that along with the use of individual lighting devices, the use of the developed device will improve visibility during fire extinguishment and other works in limited visibility conditions.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131575870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of strength characteristics of long-term and rapidly deployable geodesic dome shelters for the needs of EMERCOM airmobile groups","authors":"A. Kolpakov, O. Dolgov, V. V. Zykov, I. M. Kolpakova, S. Popov","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.2.45-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.2.45-59","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE. The article deals with examples of eliminating natural and man-made disasters with the involvement of means and forces of EMERCOM of Russia. The authors note the need to search for alternative options for structural layouts of long-term shelters to ensure the possibility of accommodating people during emergency situations elimination. A functional analysis of the requirements for the design of long-term shelters is carried out. The results of an interdisciplinary study of the two types of structural layouts of geodesic dome shelters of increased capacity are presented. METHODS. On the basis of calculations by the method of strength finite element analysis, the authors have obtained the dependencies of stress and strain state of separate structure elements on the choice of the type and characteristics of the structural layout and conducted an integrated assessment of functional, strength and technological characteristics. FINDINGS. Applying the integrated approach, the design and technological solutions considered in the article will allow engineering new, more comfortable and technically advanced long-lasting and rapidly deployable dome shelters due to: – reducing the deployment time; – increasing mobility; – simplifying the deployment process thanks to the unification of structural elements; – simplifying the implementation of correct assembly visual control during the structure erection; – increasing safe operation life by reducing the maximum stress and strain values for especially critical (core support) parts of the structure; – simplifying the structure technical condition control while in service. These factors are especially relevant to solving the problems of accommodating large groups of people with pressing need for long-term housing in emergency situations. In the future, with the help of the approach described, it is possible to increase the operating efficiency of airmobile groups of EMERCOM while eliminating the consequences of emergency situations. RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The use of the results obtained will make it possible to adequately choose the type of geodesic dome structural layout for creating long-term shelters in order to ensure operating efficiency of airmobile groups of EMERCOM while eliminating the consequences of emergencies. CONCLUSIONS. The comprehensive comparison of the two types of structural layouts in terms of strength, technological and functional criteria has demonstrated the undeniable advantages of the second type (a hemisphere based on a cylinder) compared to the first one (3/4 of a sphere segment).","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115136984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency risk reduction technologies at tunnel type road junctions","authors":"S. Kachanov, Yevgeni N. Khodatenko, Yuri V. Kapralniy","doi":"10.25257/fe.2022.2.82-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2022.2.82-87","url":null,"abstract":"PURPOSE. Tunnel type road junctions considerably reduce traffic load in metropolitan areas, but they are also high-risk facilities. Any emergency in a confined space can result in loss of life and significant property damage. This is confirmed by the fact that over the past decade alone, more than 100 people have died in the tunnel fires. Thus, the development of emergency situations risk reduction technology is a crucial task. METHODS. A review of regulatory documents that establish requirements for the integrated safety of high-risk facilities, including tunnels, has been carried out. The ways of improving safety of tunnel type road junctions have been analyzed. The findings of our own research as well as the international and national experience of integrated safety provision for high-risk facilities have been discussed. FINDINGS. Based on the analysis of literature references and the results of our own experimental studies, the prospects for scientific research on creating integrated automated systems for monitoring safety and life support of tunnel type road junctions have been defined. It is determined that in order to improve the safety of tunnels it is necessary to use the technology of structured systems for monitoring and controlling engineering systems of buildings and structures developed with the participation of the authors (SMIS). RESEARCH APPLICATION FIELD. The obtained results provide the basis for further technologies development for improving the integrated safety of high-risk facilities by using automated systems integrated with each other for monitoring safety and life support of buildings and structures. CONCLUSIONS. The proposed technology for creating SMIS at tunnel type road junctions makes it possible to significantly increase their security. At the same time, when creating SMIS for tunnels it is appropriate to comply with the following requirements: to develop SMIS in the form of a modular structure, automated control over the operation of safety and life support systems should be provided, to develop SMIS as of an “open system” to which it will be possible to extra connect new safety and life support systems.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116899718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPECIFICS OF SAFE OIL PUMPING FROM BURNING VERTICAL STEEL TANKS WITH A FLOATING ROOF","authors":"V. Kluban, L. V. Hai, L. Panasevich, A. Bondarev","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.1.42-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.1.42-46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115699257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON COMPRESSION FOAM COOLING DURING ITS DELIVERY AT DIFFERENT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE MODES","authors":"G. A.","doi":"10.25257/fe.2021.4.40-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2021.4.40-44","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The article describes methodology for conducting research on parameters of compression foam cooling during its delivery through hose-pump systems depending on the operating modes of the foam generating installation. The impact of mass consumption of compression foam on its cooling at low temperatures has been examined. The application of a mathematical model of air-foam mixture movement in hose-pump systems at different temperature modes has been substantiated. Methods. Empirical method-experiment has been used for research. Findings. A number of experiments have been carried out to confirm the developed model of compression foam moving in hose-pump systems at different temperature modes. A mobile installation for generating and delivering compression foam has been used as the object of the research. Inaccuracy in calculations obtained with the help of a mathematical model in comparison with the experimental data is 10% which makes a possible to claim that the model of compression foam moving in hose-pump systems at different temperature modes has been chosen properly. Research application field. According to the obtained data, it is possible to plan means and forces of fire units for extinguishing fires using compression foam at low temperatures. Conclusions. The developed mathematical model of compression foam movement during its delivery through hose-pump systems is confirmed by experimental data. The dependence of mass consumption impact on compression foam cooling when it is delivered through fire hoses at low temperatures has been obtained experimentally.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117232413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODELING WORK ORGANIZATION ON EQUIPPING FIELD WATER SUPPLY POINT","authors":"S. V.","doi":"10.25257/fe.2021.4.59-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2021.4.59-65","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The increase in number and scales of emergencies consequences, the complexity of the tasks for the solution of which rescue units must be ready requires predicting the results of planned actions and applying mathematical modeling methods to substantiate decisions. The use of mathematical models should help reveal the patterns of rescue units actions on improving the principles of their application, methods of fulfilling their support tasks. Analytical models make it possible to establish formula dependence between the conditions of the situation, the elements of the decision to be made and the effectiveness of the task performance according to the selected criterion. Statistical methods make it possible to more fully take into account the probabilistic nature of the simulated processes and they are most effective in cases when the analytical description of the simulated process presents great difficulties, or it is practically impossible due to significant uncertainty of the initial information. The best results can be obtained with the combined use of analytical and statistical models: the analytical model allows approximately figuring out the basic laws of the phenomenon, outlining its contours, and any further clarification can be obtained by statistical modeling. Therefore, the article discusses the use of the statistical test method for organizing implementation of first priority engineering tasks performed by rescue units. Methods. To obtain the results general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge including analysis, synthesis, generalization were used; they were based on the provisions of systems theory, operations research, information theory and the method of statistical tests. Findings. A scientific and methodological approach is developed to improve the effectiveness of emergency rescue units use in the emergency area on the example of their equipping a field water supply point. Research application field. The results are applicable to substantiate a set of means for performing tasks and operations by rescue teams. Conclusions. The developed scientific and methodological approach makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of organizing the tasks performance in the emergency area by emergency rescue teams in general, and, in particular, equipping the field water supply point, and it also serves as a basis for improving the work of management bodies at all levels.","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123474786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE MULTI-FACTOR MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CALCULATING PROPAGATION VELOCITY OF THE BUSH FIRE EDGE","authors":"S. Puzach, Tuan Le An, Kseniya Safoshkina","doi":"10.25257/fe.2019.4.7-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2019.4.7-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129612959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STUDY OF NATURAL, MAN-MADE AND BIOLOGICAL-SOCIAL DISASTERSBY THE METHODS OF POSTNONCLASSICAL SCIENCE: PROBLEM STATEMENT","authors":"V. Akimov, high-temperature technologies, A. Ovsyanik, E. Ivanova","doi":"10.25257/fe.2021.2.95-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25257/fe.2021.2.95-100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":105490,"journal":{"name":"Fire and Emergencies: prevention, elimination","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129613653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}