Clinical Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Morbidity and Mortality Risk Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Central or Visceral Adiposity: A Targeted Literature Review.","authors":"Alison M Bjornson, Roger J Bedimo, Shelagh M Szabo, Hannah Rochon, Daniel Lee","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Given the known relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), antiretroviral therapies, and excess visceral adipose tissue (VAT), this review sought to characterize risk of negative health outcomes associated with excess VAT and increased waist circumference (WC) in people with HIV (PWH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comprehensive targeted literature searches were conducted in Medline/Embase (27 June 2022), identifying peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts reporting on cohorts of PWH. Screening was guided by PECOS (Population, Exposure, Comparator, Outcomes, Study design) criteria. From the included studies, outcomes of interest including mortality and morbidity risk by VAT area and WC were extracted, overall, and by sex, race/ethnicity, and duration of HIV. Relationships between outcome and exposure variables were summarized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-five studies were included (sample size range: 31-1748 PWH). Twenty-five studies characterized the relationship between increased WC and negative health outcomes-cardiovascular disease (CVD), arteriosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, hepatic fat and fibrosis, and cognitive impairment-among PWH. Fifteen studies reported on increased VAT and negative health outcomes: all-cause mortality, CVD, atherosclerosis, hepatic fat, and fibrosis. Importantly, there was a 2.1-times higher odds of 5-year all-cause mortality among PWH with the highest amount of VAT in the only study identified reporting on mortality. Among the studies characterizing the relationship between morbidity and VAT, for example, 1 found that, for each 10-cm2 increase in VAT, the risk of prevalent CVD increased by 1.05 (95% CI: 1.0-1.1) times.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>WC may be a useful and cost-effective surrogate for visceral adiposity, which is an important marker of morbidity and mortality among PWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142845995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucocorticoid dosing and implications for vaccination: Evolution of global definitions.","authors":"Xia Wang, Cyra Patel, Michelle L Giles, Penelope Burns, Kristine Macartney, Benjamin Teh, Phoebe C Williams","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite widespread adoption of \"high-dose\" glucocorticoid definitions across international immunisation guidelines (i.e., prednisone-equivalent dosing >20 mg/day, or >2 mg/kg/day in children), the rationale remains unclear. Literature searches were performed through academic databases for this narrative review to identify relevant evidence regarding glucocorticoid dosing on vaccine responses and safety. In people receiving prednisone <7 mg/day, vaccine responses are maintained. In people on 'high-dose' glucocorticoids (>20 mg/day), antibody titres and seropositivity are reduced, whereas the impact of low- to medium-dose glucocorticoids (7 to 20 mg/day) on vaccine efficacy remains inconclusive. Due to inconsistent paediatric dosing regimens, data is insufficient to support a unified \"high-dose\" glucocorticoid threshold. Non-live vaccines are well tolerated in patients receiving glucocorticoids with rheumatic/inflammatory disorders, but enhanced reactogenicity after live vaccination may occur in those with severe immunodeficiencies. Clinicians should consider individual risk-benefit profiles, rather than following strict dosing thresholds, when curating immunisation programs for patients prescribed glucocorticoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142846061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antiviral Use Among Children Hospitalized With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza Illness: A Prospective, Multicenter Surveillance Study","authors":"James W Antoon, Justin Z Amarin, Olla Hamdan, Tess Stopczynski, Laura S Stewart, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Eileen J Klein, Janet A Englund, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Jennifer E Schuster, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Christopher J Harrison, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Flor M Muñoz, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, James D Chappell, Benjamin R Clopper, Heidi L Moline, Angela P Campbell, Andrew J Spieker, Samantha M Olson, Natasha B Halasa","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae573","url":null,"abstract":"Background Guidelines state that all hospitalized children with suspected or confirmed influenza receive prompt treatment with influenza-specific antivirals. We sought to determine the frequency of, and factors associated with, antiviral receipt among hospitalized children. Methods We conducted active surveillance of children presenting with fever or respiratory symptoms from 1 December 2016 to 31 March 2020 at 7 pediatric medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network. The cohort consisted of children hospitalized with influenza A or B confirmed by clinical or research testing. The primary outcome was frequency of antiviral receipt during hospitalization. We used logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with antiviral receipt. Results A total of 1213 children with laboratory-confirmed influenza were included. Overall, 652 children (53.8%) received an antiviral. Roughly 63.0% of children received clinical influenza testing. Among those with clinical testing, 67.4% received an antiviral. Factors associated with higher odds of antiviral receipt included hematologic (aOR = 1.76; 95% CI = 1.03–3.02) or oncologic/immunocompromising (aOR = 2.41; 95% CI = 1.13–5.11) disorders, prehospitalization antiviral receipt (aOR = 2.34; 95% CI = 1.49–3.67), clinical influenza testing (aOR = 3.07; 95% CI = 2.28–4.14), and intensive care unit admission (aOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.02–2.29). Symptom duration &amp;gt;2 days was associated with lower odds of antiviral treatment (aOR = 0.40; 95% CI = .30–.52). Antiviral receipt varied by site with a 5-fold difference across sites. Conclusions Almost half of children hospitalized with influenza did not receive antivirals. Additional efforts to understand barriers to guideline adherence are crucial for optimizing care in children hospitalized with influenza.","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleural Infection: Contemporary Microbiology Completing the Picture.","authors":"Ruben Dyrhovden, Tomas Mikal Eagan, Øyvind Kommedal","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1533-1534"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140048969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socioeconomic Disparities and the Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance.","authors":"Lauren N Cooper, Alaina M Beauchamp, Tanvi A Ingle, Marlon I Diaz, Abdi D Wakene, Chaitanya Katterpalli, Tony Keller, Clark Walker, Seth Blumberg, Sanjat Kanjilal, Jonathan H Chen, Alexander P Radunsky, Zachary M Most, John J Hanna, Trish M Perl, Christoph U Lehmann, Richard J Medford","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae313","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increased prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections is a significant global health threat, resulting in increased disease, deaths, and costs. The drivers of AMR are complex and potentially impacted by socioeconomic factors. We investigated the relationships between geographic and socioeconomic factors and AMR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected select patient bacterial culture results from 2015 to 2020 from electronic health records of 2 expansive healthcare systems within the Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas, metropolitan area. Among individuals with electronic health records who resided in the 4 most populous counties in Dallas-Fort Worth, culture data were aggregated. Case counts for each organism studied were standardized per 1000 persons per area population. Using residential addresses, the cultures were geocoded and linked to socioeconomic index values. Spatial autocorrelation tests identified geographic clusters of high and low AMR organism prevalence and correlations with established socioeconomic indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found significant clusters of AMR organisms in areas with high levels of deprivation, as measured by the area deprivation index (ADI). We found a significant spatial autocorrelation between ADI and the prevalence of AMR organisms, particularly for AmpC β-lactamase and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with 14% and 13%, respectively, of the variability in prevalence rates being attributable to their relationship with the ADI values of the neighboring locations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that areas with a high ADI are more likely to have higher rates of AMR organisms. Interventions that improve socioeconomic factors such as poverty, unemployment, decreased access to healthcare, crowding, and sanitation in these areas of high prevalence may reduce the spread of AMR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1346-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maintenance of Certification: Is a Knowledge-Based Assessment Really Necessary?","authors":"Allan R Tunkel","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae270","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae270","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1331-1332"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141466644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piperacillin/Tazobactam Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Enterobacterales: Recommendations From the United States Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.","authors":"Thomas P Lodise, Sujata M Bhavnani, Paul G Ambrose, Helio S Sader, David Andes, Jason M Pogue","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae328","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The in vitro susceptibility testing interpretive criteria (STIC) for piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) against Enterobacterales were recently updated by the US Food and Drug Administration, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. The United States Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (USCAST) also recently reviewed TZP STIC for Enterobacterales and arrived at different STIC for Enterobacterales. Here, we explain our recommendations and rationale behind them. Based on our review of the available data, USCAST does not recommend TZP STIC for certain Enterobacterales species that have a moderate to high likelihood of clinically significant AmpC production (Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, and Klebsiella aerogenes only) or for third-generation cephalosporin-nonsusceptible Enterobacterales. USCAST recommends a TZP susceptibility breakpoint of ≤ 16/4 mg/L for third-generation cephalosporin-susceptible Enterobacterales and only endorses the use of extended infusion TZP regimens for patients with infections due to these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1354-1362"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pleural Empyema: Etiology and Pathogenesis.","authors":"Daniel M Musher, Sherwood Gorbach, Joshua Fierer","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1533"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140048968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Positioning of Ceftobiprole in the Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.","authors":"Daniel J Minter, Ayesha Appa, Henry F Chambers, Sarah B Doernberg","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae126","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1539-1540"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV in New York City.","authors":"Daniel S Fierer, Jesse R Carollo, Gabriela Rodriguez-Caprio, Asa Radix, Rona Vail, Robert Chavez, Krisczar J Bungay, Stephen M Dillon","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae297","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection rates are substantially higher than primary infection rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in European cohorts. The behaviors mediating this high rate of transmission among MSM are poorly characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a prospective cohort study in New York City (NYC) of MSM with HIV who cleared HCV to determine the incidence of and risk factors for HCV reinfection. We assessed the risk behaviors for primary HCV in NYC: receipt of semen in the rectum, and sexualized methamphetamine use, along with route of use. Multivariable analysis was performed with Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2000 through 2018, among 304 MSM with HIV who cleared HCV, 42 reinfections occurred over 898 person-years, for an incidence rate of 4.7 per 100 person-years. Assessing 1245 postclearance visits, only receipt of semen into the rectum was associated with reinfection (hazard ratio, 9.7 [95% confidence interval: 3.3-28.3], P < .001); methamphetamine use was not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The high HCV reinfection rate over almost 2 decades demonstrates that sexual transmission of HCV is not inefficient or unusual and that direct-acting antiviral treatment is not sufficient for HCV elimination among MSM in NYC. The contrasts between both the rates of and risk factors for primary and HCV reinfection suggest that HCV prevalence is highly heterogenous among sexual networks and that sexualized methamphetamine use, rather than mediating transmission, is instead a surrogate marker for the highest HCV prevalence networks. As neither condoms nor treatment have been successful strategies for HCV prevention in NYC, novel interventions are needed to stem this sexually transmitted HCV epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"1420-1427"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141632859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}