Yueyue Sun, Yunyan Zhang, Weijie Tang, Jieheng Chen, Yixiao Fu
{"title":"A Controlled Trial on the Effect of Self-Compassion Group Psychotherapy on Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder.","authors":"Yueyue Sun, Yunyan Zhang, Weijie Tang, Jieheng Chen, Yixiao Fu","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70275","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpp.70275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental disorder among adolescents, yet its clinical management remains challenging. This controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-compassion group psychotherapy as an adjunctive treatment for adolescents with MDD. Sixty adolescents with MDD were recruited from the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between March and August 2024 and were assigned to an intervention group (n = 30) or a comparison group (n = 30). Both groups received standard pharmacotherapy, whereas the intervention group additionally participated in a 6-week self-compassion group psychotherapy programme. Depression severity, sleep quality, emotional and behavioural problems, and general mental health were assessed at baseline and post-intervention using the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), respectively. After treatment, HAMD-24 scores decreased significantly in both groups, with a greater reduction observed in the intervention group compared with the comparison group (p < 0.01). Similarly, PSQI scores improved in both groups, with significantly greater improvement in the intervention group (p < 0.01). The intervention group also showed significantly lower scores on all SDQ difficulty subscales (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention and peer relationship problems) and higher scores on the prosocial behaviour subscale compared with the comparison group. In addition, the intervention group exhibited significantly lower scores on the interpersonal sensitivity and somatization subscales of the SCL-90 (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that self-compassion group psychotherapy, as an adjunct to pharmacological treatment, may improve depressive symptoms, sleep quality, emotional and behavioural functioning, and interpersonal relationships among adolescents with MDD, and may also enhance prosocial behaviour. Overall, this intervention shows promise as an effective adjunctive approach for this population. Trial Registration: China Clinical Trial Registry: MR-50-24-010298.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70275"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive Triad and Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies.","authors":"Ziqin Huang, Yuchen Zhu, Lele Feng, Liechuan Cui, Zhan Wang, Zhongfang Fu, Xinfeng Tang","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70282","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpp.70282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large body of research has examined the association between the cognitive triad (negative views of the self, the world and the future) and depression; however, findings regarding its strength and direction remain inconsistent. The present meta-analysis systematically synthesized existing empirical evidence to evaluate both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between the cognitive triad and depression. A three-level random-effects model was used to pool correlation coefficients (r) for cross-sectional associations, and cross-lagged regression models were applied to test prospective relations. Fifty-nine cross-sectional studies (132 effect sizes) were included, demonstrating a strong overall association between the cognitive triad and depressive symptoms (r = 0.596, 95% confidence interval, CI [0.546, 0.622]). Depressive symptoms were most strongly associated with a negative view of the self (r = 0.593), followed by a negative view of the world (r = 0.558) and the future (r = 0.538). Exploratory cross-lagged analyses were conducted across eight longitudinal studies. Preliminary results suggested that depressive symptoms at Time 1 predicted more negative cognitive triad scores at Time 2 (β = 0.160, 95% CI [0.100, 0.220]). The prospective effect of the cognitive triad on later depressive symptoms appeared to be moderated by age group; this effect was significant among participants aged 15 years or older (β = 0.187, 95% CI [0.112, 0.261]) but not among those below 15 years (β = -0.035, 95% CI [-0.122, 0.051]). The findings indicate a strong association between the cognitive triad and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, exploratory longitudinal analyses provide preliminary evidence for a prospective effect of depressive symptoms on subsequent negative cognitions and suggest a potential developmental shift in cognitive vulnerability to depression from late adolescence into adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria Gemescu, Cezar Giosan, Ana Maria Olguța Barizi, Carmen-Andreea Petre, Ana-Alecsandra Gușoaie, Elena-Luiza Costache, Ana-Patricia Darabont, Teodora-Maria Neagoe, Rareș-Mihnea Iosifescu
{"title":"Impulsivity-Related Traits in Eating Disorders With Self-Harm or Suicidal Behaviour: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Maria Gemescu, Cezar Giosan, Ana Maria Olguța Barizi, Carmen-Andreea Petre, Ana-Alecsandra Gușoaie, Elena-Luiza Costache, Ana-Patricia Darabont, Teodora-Maria Neagoe, Rareș-Mihnea Iosifescu","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70299","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpp.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although impulsivity is commonly associated with eating disorders (EDs) comorbid with self-harm, no prior reviews have investigated whether ED groups with co-occurring self-harm exhibit increased impulsivity-related traits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the differences between ED groups with vs. without self-harm/suicidal behaviour, with respect to impulsivity-related domains.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched for comparative observational studies using electronic databases, reference lists, personal reference collection and requests sent to authors in the field for unpublished data. We included studies conducted from 1994 onwards that compared clinical ED groups with vs. without self-harm/suicidal behaviour on impulsivity-related domains, as assessed using questionnaires. We used a two-stage screening process conducted by independent reviewers and the Joanna Briggs Institute's tool for risk of bias assessment. Results were synthesized narratively and quantitatively, using separate random-effects meta-analyses for each impulsivity-related domain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to meta-analytic results, clinical ED groups with self-harm/suicidal behaviour exhibited significantly increased scores on Negative Urgency (k = 10, g = 0.55), Lack of Premeditation (k = 8, g = 0.34), Lack of Perseverance (k = 8, g = 0.20) and Sensation Seeking (k = 8, g = 0.10). Only two studies assessed Positive Urgency, both reporting non-significant differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Negative Urgency emerged as the prime impulsivity-related trait associated with self-harm in ED groups, therefore strengthening the evidence for emotion-driven impulsivity as a transdiagnostic factor of psychopathology. The small number of studies included, considerable heterogeneity and predominance of female samples should be taken into account when interpreting current findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13297027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148315981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Depression Severity and Coping Styles as Independent Predictors of Functioning in Male Adults With Adjustment Disorder.","authors":"Halil İbrahim Eren, Uğur Takım","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70285","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpp.70285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adjustment disorder (AD) is characterized by disproportionate emotional and behavioural responses to stressors, often leading to significant functional impairment; however, the psychological mechanisms underlying this impairment remain underexplored. This cross-sectional study examined the effects of coping skills and metacognitive beliefs on psychosocial functioning in 83 young male patients (aged 19-30 years) diagnosed with AD according to DSM-5 criteria. Participants completed the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ-30), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). Data were analysed using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression and bootstrap-based mediation analyses. Functional impairment was strongly and positively associated with depression severity (r = 0.459, p < 0.01). Effective coping strategies were negatively associated with functional impairment, whereas biochemical avoidance was positively associated with dysfunction. In multiple regression analyses, depression severity (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and coping skills (β = -0.28, p = 0.010) emerged as significant predictors of functional impairment, whereas metacognitive beliefs were not independently associated with functioning. Mediation analyses indicated that the effect of depression severity on functioning was largely direct; the indirect effect through coping strategies did not reach statistical significance (95% BCa CI [-0.004, 0.137]). Due to the cross-sectional design, causal inferences cannot be drawn. These findings suggest that functional impairment in AD is primarily associated with depressive symptoms and maladaptive coping styles, highlighting these domains as potential targets for clinical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Voicu, Mark Hilsenroth, Kristen Capps Umphlet, Anthony Mullin
{"title":"Relationship Between Patient Early Treatment Crying Experiences With Psychotherapy Process and Outcome.","authors":"Anna Voicu, Mark Hilsenroth, Kristen Capps Umphlet, Anthony Mullin","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70267","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpp.70267","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the first study to investigate the relationship between patient crying events, affect intensity and duration with patient and therapist perceptions of early session process, alliance and treatment outcome. Participants (N = 58) were admitted to a community-based outpatient clinic, where their intake, assessment feedback and third sessions were independently and reliably coded for discrete crying segments and qualities. Patients and therapists completed measures of session experience and therapeutic alliance after the assessment feedback and third session. Total number of crying events were significantly related to more difficult and challenging patient ratings of session process during the feedback session. Average crying affect intensity and duration of these crying events were related to both greater levels of patient rated alliance during the feedback session, while average duration alone related to higher levels of therapist alliance and therapist ratings of session depth. Both variables (average crying affect intensity and duration) were related to greater levels of patient rated session depth during the third session, with-again-average duration also related to higher levels of therapist alliance, therapist ratings of session depth and overall value. In addition, both higher average crying affect intensity and longer average crying duration were positively related to patient outcome changes in global psychopathology and anxiety symptoms. The majority of therapist interventions that immediately preceded patient crying events were affect-focused in nature (i.e., encouragement to express, experience and explore feelings), with the next most frequent intervention being interpretation (i.e., suggest an alternative understanding not previously recognized by the patient). These data further highlight the complex nature of patient crying experiences in psychotherapy that is informed by both the quantity, as well as the quality of that experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emotion Talk in Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review of Conversation Analytic Studies.","authors":"Shuai Zhang, Tiantian Huang, Haiying Li, Lu Chen","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70297","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpp.70297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emotional communication is central to psychotherapy and plays a key role in shaping clients' experiences and therapeutic change. Conversation analysis (CA) offers a process-oriented approach to examining how emotions are displayed, managed, and responded to in moment-by-moment therapeutic interaction. Although a growing line of CA research has focused on emotion talk in psychotherapy, an integrative synthesis of this literature remains limited. This review synthesizes CA studies on emotion talk in psychotherapy, with a focus on identifying key interactional processes through which emotion talk is produced and managed in naturally occurring therapeutic encounters. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched six major databases and identified 18 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The thematic analysis revealed two overarching themes: (1) the sequential organization of emotion talk, including clients' emotional displays, therapists' emotional management, and clients' responses; and (2) changes in therapeutic interaction, encompassing shifts in clients' emotional experiences and the therapeutic relationship over time. By integrating CA studies on emotion talk in psychotherapy, the review clarifies the interactional resources through which therapists and clients navigate emotional moments. These findings advance understanding of psychotherapy as an interactional achievement and offer practice-relevant insights into how therapists can attend to and work with clients' emotions to support further therapeutic work.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148257610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Value of Incremental Care.","authors":"Giovanni A Fava, Jenny Guidi","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70286","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpp.70286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incremental care is the adoption of multiple clinical strategies that may increase the effectiveness of a specific treatment. It has more to do with how and by whom therapies are administered than with what is administered. Incremental care is often subsumed under the undifferentiated rubric of placebo, yet its planning and performance require a number of specific steps. Clinical assessment of individual health attitudes and behaviour may disclose particular treatment needs. The capacity of the clinician to address illness behaviour, his/her communication style and clinical skills and the amount of time devoted to the patient are crucial determinants of treatment outcome. The involvement of the patient in his/her own care, which is not restricted to treatment adherence, is an additional key element. The term 'self-therapy' indicates the sum of patient's activities that may counteract the progression of a disease and potentially lead to an optimal state of health. Such activities are best accomplished with the guidance, encouragement and monitoring of a health professional. It is only clinical judgment that allows the clinician to formulate an individualized treatment plan that includes incremental care. Addressing patients' needs by using incremental care is as important as administering appropriate treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147971006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Toward an Empirically and Theoretically Anchored Biopsychosocial Model of Misophonia: Sensory Sensitivity and the Extended Process Model of Emotion Regulation.","authors":"Matthew R Hanna, M Zachary Rosenthal","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70291","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpp.70291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Misophonia is a disorder marked by intense affective, behavioural and physiological responses to repetitive auditory stimuli made by others, commonly oral and/or facial sounds (e.g., chewing and throat-clearing) and associated cues. Research on misophonia has increased rapidly, with studies indicating it is characterized by significant psychological distress, impairment in everyday functioning and biopsychosocial processes related to impairments in sensory sensitivity (SS) and emotion regulation (ER). Using the extended process model (EPM) of ER, we outline how misophonia-related dysfunction may unfold across three recursive stages (identification, selection and implementation), with SS conceptualized as an early-stage vulnerability. From this model, we introduce process-based therapy for misophonia (PBT-M) as a pragmatic framework for person-level interventions, with the BASIC acronym (behavioural, attentional, somatic, interpersonal and cognitive) providing a flexible scaffold for selecting domain-specific treatment strategies. Through conceptual schematics and applied case illustrations, we demonstrate how SS- and ER-informed EPM mapping can enhance intervention precision and support idiographic treatment planning. We also present a modular treatment roadmap to support real-world application. This model is testable and intended to evolve with the scientific literature, offering clinicians an empirically and theoretically grounded framework for targeting the idiographic biopsychosocial processes contributing most to impairment in individuals with misophonia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148027731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Martín Gómez Penedo, Galit Peysachov, Anna Babl, Tohar Dolev-Amit, Amit Tchizick, Sigal Zilcha-Mano
{"title":"Predicting Heterogenous Effects of Alliance Ruptures in Depression: Implications for Personalized Psychotherapy Based on Interpersonal Functioning.","authors":"Juan Martín Gómez Penedo, Galit Peysachov, Anna Babl, Tohar Dolev-Amit, Amit Tchizick, Sigal Zilcha-Mano","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.70288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alliance ruptures are common events in psychotherapy and have been linked to poorer outcomes when unresolved. However, little is known about how individual differences, particularly interpersonal problems, shape the impact of ruptures on treatment response in depression. This study examined the within- and between-patient effects of withdrawal (WR) and confrontation ruptures (CR) on depressive symptom severity and tested whether interpersonal problems of agency and communion moderate these effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial comparing two forms of supportive therapy for major depressive disorder (N = 100). Ruptures were assessed with the observer-rated Rupture Resolution Rating System across six therapy sessions. Interpersonal problems were measured at baseline with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems. Depressive symptom severity was assessed session-by-session using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Multilevel models disaggregated within- and between-patient effects and tested moderation by interpersonal problems.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WRs showed a significant within-patient effect: sessions with higher-than-average WR intensity were associated with greater depression severity. CRs showed no significant within- or between-patient effects. Interpersonal problems moderated rupture effects: low agency amplified the between-patient effect of WR, whereas high communion amplified the within-patient effects of both WR and CR on depression severity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings suggest that the impact of ruptures on outcome in depression is heterogeneous and shaped by patients' interpersonal problems. Personalizing therapy according to patients' interpersonal profiles may enhance treatment outcomes. Future research should examine rupture-repair cycles and incorporate multiple perspectives on alliance processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148041384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond Core ADHD Symptoms: Clinical Evaluation of Antisocial Behaviours Within a Unified Externalizing Framework in Youth With ADHD.","authors":"Norah Alkhateeb","doi":"10.1002/cpp.70280","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpp.70280","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with oppositional and conduct-related behavioural difficulties, raising questions about how these symptoms are structurally related within clinically diagnosed youth. Dimensional models of psychopathology, such as the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP), conceptualize these behaviours as part of a broader externalizing spectrum characterized by shared patterns of behavioural dysregulation. However, empirical evidence examining the coherence of antisocial externalizing dimensions within paediatric ADHD clinical samples remains limited. The present study investigated patterns of externalizing symptom covariation in a clinical sample of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years with ADHD diagnoses established through structured clinical interviews conducted by trained clinicians. Parent-reported DSM-oriented scales from the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) were analyzed using confirmatory factor analytic models to compare alternative structural representations of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, including unified and differentiated externalizing configurations. Results indicated substantial covariation among ADHD, oppositional defiant and conduct-related symptom dimensions. Models specifying a unified externalizing structure demonstrated greater parsimony and comparable or superior fit relative to more differentiated models. These findings suggest that, in this clinically diagnosed paediatric ADHD sample, ADHD, oppositional defiant and conduct-related symptom dimensions were more economically represented by a unified externalizing configuration than by a more differentiated alternative. Importantly, these results should be interpreted as reflecting covariance among six parent-reported CBCL DSM-oriented scales within a restricted clinical and measurement context, rather than as broader validation of the hierarchical placement of ADHD within HiTOP or other dimensional taxonomies. From a clinical perspective, the findings highlight the value of integrated assessment of disinhibited and antisocial behavioural features when evaluating youth with ADHD. Future research incorporating multi-informant assessments and broader neurodevelopmental indicators may further clarify how ADHD symptom dimensions relate to overlapping developmental and behavioural domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"33 3","pages":"e70280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147812002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}