{"title":"The Emergency Department and Psychiatric Boarding: A Model for the Future: 2026 Update.","authors":"David R Spiegel","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000663","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000663","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145862484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
María Ruíz-Perelló, Francisco Salazar Hernández, Tatiana Espinosa Oltra, María López López, Juan Antonio García-Carmona
{"title":"Efficacy and Tolerability of Cenobamate in Treating Refractory Focal Epilepsy: Results From the 6-month Open-label Cenobamate in Focal Epilepsy Study (CIFES).","authors":"María Ruíz-Perelló, Francisco Salazar Hernández, Tatiana Espinosa Oltra, María López López, Juan Antonio García-Carmona","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000673","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Refractory epilepsy remains a major therapeutic challenge, affecting approximately one third of patients with persistent seizures despite treatment with multiple antiseizure medications (ASMs). Cenobamate (CNB), a novel ASM, has shown promising efficacy in both clinical trials and real-world settings. This observational study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and retention of CNB in adults with drug-resistant focal-onset seizures in routine clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 40 patients treated with CNB at Santa Lucía University Hospital between 2022 and 2024. Seizure frequency, CNB discontinuation, adverse effects, and concomitant ASMs were assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a significant reduction in mean monthly seizures, from 48.4 at baseline to 12.1 at 6 months ( P =0.0001). At 6 months, 48% of patients had a ≥50% seizure reduction, and 27% were seizure-free. In addition, CNB treatment was associated with a significant reduction in Defined Daily Doses and the number of concomitant ASMs. A 95% retention rate was observed among patients after 6 months on CNB treatment. Only 2 patients discontinued CNB, neither due to adverse effects. Reported adverse effects were mild to moderate, with somnolence (13%) and dizziness (10%) being the most common.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings reinforce CNB as a valuable treatment option for patients with focal-onset drug-resistant epilepsy, supporting its integration into clinical practice. Further research is needed to evaluate long-term outcomes and its potential role as a first-line therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deekshitha Alla, Dhruv Shah, Rakshna Ramsundar, Sai Lokesh Moraboina, Ritvik Rohan, Mrudula Alla, Sridevi Ravi, Soujanya Tirupati, Aradhya Singh, Chandana Priya Digumurthy, Jashika Mellamput
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Deferiprone for Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Deekshitha Alla, Dhruv Shah, Rakshna Ramsundar, Sai Lokesh Moraboina, Ritvik Rohan, Mrudula Alla, Sridevi Ravi, Soujanya Tirupati, Aradhya Singh, Chandana Priya Digumurthy, Jashika Mellamput","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000669","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative illness, is thought to have impacted 9.4 million people globally in 2020. The causation framework for Parkinson's disease is a combination of genetics, age, and environment. Iron chelators have been studied as potential treatment agents for Parkinson's disease (PD) because they can reduce oxidative stress and iron accumulation. Deferiprone (DFP) is one such drug.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically review and analyze available clinical studies assessing the efficacy and safety of deferiprone in patients with Parkinson's disease, with particular focus on motor outcomes, iron accumulation, and adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov.in, and Web of Science databases, and a total of 3 studies were included and reviewed. The studies' baseline data included the first author's name, the year of the study, the place of the study, the number of subjects and controls, the mean age, gender, dosage, and route of DFP, the Estimated years of Disease (EYO), the MDS-UPDRS score, the PDQ-39 score, the MOCA score, the MMSE score, MRI T2 changes, and serum ferritin levels. Data regarding adverse effects and deaths were also extracted. A pooled analysis of the collected data was performed using R Studio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MDS-UPDRS score increased less in the test group's patients than in the placebo group (SMD=-0.69, 95% CI=-5.64 to 4.25, P =<0.00001, I 2 =98%). However, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the serum ferritin levels and the MRI T2 changes in caudate, nigra, pallidum, and putamen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deferiprone shows potential in slowing motor symptom progression in Parkinson's disease, although its impact on brain iron levels remains inconclusive. Further large-scale, long-term studies are warranted to establish its clinical efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147364384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negar Heidari, Azad Maroufi, Narges Shams-Alizadeh
{"title":"Hematological and Inflammatory Marker Changes Following Electroconvulsive Therapy in Bipolar Mania: A Quasi-Experimental Study.","authors":"Negar Heidari, Azad Maroufi, Narges Shams-Alizadeh","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000670","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Neuroinflammation, reflected in hematological and inflammatory biomarkers, plays a role in bipolar disorder. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective for treatment-resistant bipolar disorder, but its impact on these biomarkers remains unclear. This study investigated changes in hematological and inflammatory markers before and after ECT in bipolar mania and their association with treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 inpatients with bipolar mania undergoing ECT. Blood samples were collected before anesthesia induction and 2 hours postseizure at the initial and final sessions. Hematological indices, including mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and platelet count (Plt), along with inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), were analyzed. A ≥25% reduction in Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores defined clinical response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CRP significantly increased after both the first ( P =0.01) and final ( P <0.001) ECT sessions. NLR ( P =0.001) and PLR ( P =0.002) showed a transient rise after the first session but not at the final session. Other hematological indices remained largely unchanged. No significant correlation was found between inflammatory marker changes and treatment response, though baseline CRP correlated with baseline YMRS scores ( P =0.013).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ECT induces a transient inflammatory response, but these biomarker changes did not predict clinical improvement, suggesting systemic inflammation may not be central to ECT efficacy in bipolar mania. Further research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"58-65"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Evaluation of Topiramate as a First-Line Medication for Cluster Headache Prophylaxis: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.","authors":"Javid Shafiyev, Irfan Gahramanov","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000678","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the effectiveness of topiramate monotherapy in treating episodic and chronic cluster headaches and its impact on headache-related disability and quality-of-life areas not sufficiently addressed in previous literature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted between October 2023 and December 2024, including 51 adults diagnosed with cluster headache. Exclusion criteria were other headache types, prior anticonvulsant use, malignancy, pregnancy, or lactation. Patients received topiramate starting at 25 mg/day, titrated weekly up to 100 mg. VAS (0 to 10) and HIT-6 scores were used to assess treatment efficacy and quality of life weekly.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort was predominantly male (64.7%) with a mean age of 38.6 years. Significant reductions in both HIT-6 and VAS scores were observed over time in all patients, with similar efficacy between first-line and follow-up users. Chronic patients started with higher HIT-6 scores and showed slower improvement than episodic cases. Somnolence was the most common side effect (19.6%), but no patients discontinued treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this observational cohort, topiramate monotherapy was associated with reductions in pain severity and headache-related disability and was generally well tolerated. These findings suggest that topiramate may be considered as a potential first-line or alternative prophylactic option in selected patients, particularly when treatment choices are limited or polypharmacy is undesirable.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Low-dose Escitalopram on Cognition and Behavior of Patients With Dementia Without Depression: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"Porimita Chutia, Shailendra Mohan Tripathi, Samiksha Supranjali","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000675","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The role of escitalopram on cognition in patients with dementia is inconclusive. In this study effect of low-dose escitalopram on cognition in subjects with dementia without depression is explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study of subjects aged 60 years or more with a diagnosis of dementia without depression conducted in a tertiary-care hospital in India. Subjects treated with low-dose escitalopram with a follow-up of 12 weeks duration were included. The parameters extracted were sociodemographic characteristics, duration and type of dementia, comorbidities, other psychotropics, and antidementia drugs. The change in Hindi Mental Status Examination score from baseline to fourth, eighth, and 12th weeks is considered the primary outcome measure. In addition, changes in neuropsychiatric symptoms are the secondary outcome measures. Statistical methods include descriptive and comparative analysis, and repeated measures ANOVA was applied to assess change in cognition over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 44 subjects were included, with a mean age of 73.5 ± 7.42 years and 56.82%. Among the subjects, 79.55% were diagnosed with AD, 11.36% with FTD, and 9.09% with VD, and the average duration of illness was 4.48 ± 2.28 years. Comparison of HMSE score from baseline to fourth, eighth, and 12th week shows a significant difference with P <0.001, with greater improvement in the first 4 weeks. In addition, the NPI and ADL scores showed significant improvement in week-4 with P <0.001.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Escitalopram shows a promising effect on cognition, behaviour, and functionality in subjects with dementia in the short term. However, a larger prospective long-term study is needed to validate the study findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jamir Pitton Rissardo, Priya Shah, Kaitlyn Piotrowski, Aswathi Sajeendran, Ana Leticia Fornari Caprara, Olga R Thon, Joshua Santucci
{"title":"Linezolid-induced Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.","authors":"Jamir Pitton Rissardo, Priya Shah, Kaitlyn Piotrowski, Aswathi Sajeendran, Ana Leticia Fornari Caprara, Olga R Thon, Joshua Santucci","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000674","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000674","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic condition characterized by vasogenic edema, altered mental status (AMS), seizures, headaches, and visual disturbances. It is commonly associated with hypertension, cytotoxic drugs, and autoimmune disorders. We report a rare case of PRES likely related to linezolid therapy.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 77-year-old female with renal cell carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, and prior thromboembolic events underwent major abdominal surgery complicated by coagulopathy, hemorrhage, and sepsis. Blood cultures grew Enterococcus faecium , and linezolid was initiated. Within 48 hours, she developed AMS and respiratory distress requiring intubation. EEG showed epileptiform discharges, and MRI revealed subarachnoid and intraparenchymal hemorrhage with features of PRES. Linezolid was discontinued, and follow-up MRI demonstrated improvement in bilateral hemispheric edema and hemorrhage. A literature review identified 2 additional cases of linezolid-associated PRES, both with similar neurological symptoms but without hemorrhagic complications. Unlike prior reports, our patient had a prolonged recovery, with only partial improvement at 19 days, likely influenced by comorbidities and associated hemorrhagic lesion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Linezolid-induced PRES is rare but clinically significant. Our case highlights potential hemorrhagic complications and delayed recovery, underscoring the need for early recognition and prompt management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147389460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electroconvulsive Therapy for Refractory Anxiety and Depression in Superficial Siderosis: A Case Report.","authors":"Gregory Pierpoint, Krishan Saini","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000660","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report the first documented case of anxiety and depression related to superficial siderosis that responded to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 58-year-old man with traumatic superficial siderosis presented with panic attacks and major depressive disorder unresponsive to multiple pharmacologic trials. Brain MRI revealed hemosiderin deposition in cerebellar-limbic structures. A course of bifrontal brief-pulse ECT (8 sessions) was administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 8 sessions, the patient experienced full remission of panic attacks and functional recovery. The PHQ-9 score decreased from 21 to 7, and the GAD-7 score decreased from 19 to 6, with sustained improvement at the six-week follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case suggests that ECT can safely and effectively target cerebellar-limbic circuit dysfunction in superficial siderosis and supports further investigation into neuromodulation for refractory psychiatric symptoms in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145512058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"RAP1A Variant rs7525578 Modifies Glycemic Response to Metformin But Not to Pioglitazone or Gliclazide in the UK Biobank.","authors":"Steven Lehrer, Peter Rheinstein","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/WNF.0000000000000659","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Metformin is the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet interindividual variability in glycemic response remains poorly understood. Preclinical studies demonstrate that low-dose metformin lowers glucose via Rap1 signaling in ventromedial hypothalamic neurons, a pathway not required for sulfonylurea or thiazolidinedione efficacy. We investigated whether a common intronic RAP1A variant (rs7525578) modifies glycemic response to metformin in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed men with T2D and HbA1c >6% in the UK Biobank who were prescribed metformin (n=7002), pioglitazone (n=587), or gliclazide (n=2654). Genotypes were obtained from imputed array data. The mean HbA1c by genotype (CC, CT, and TT) was compared within each drug cohort using 1-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests. Effect sizes were quantified using eta-squared (η2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among men prescribed metformin, rs7525578 was significantly associated with HbA1c (F=5.644, P=0.004, η2=0.0016). Heterozygotes (CT) had a higher mean HbA1c (7.52%) than CC homozygotes (7.39%, P=0.002). No significant associations were observed among pioglitazone (P=0.444) or gliclazide (P=0.233) users, and no effects were detected in women. The metformin-specific association remained after adjustment for combination therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RAP1A variant rs7525578 is associated with modestly higher HbA1c among men treated with metformin, but not with pioglitazone or gliclazide. This drug-specific pharmacogenetic association mirrors mechanistic data in mice, supporting a role for Rap1 signaling in metformin action and highlighting pathway-based approaches to T2D pharmacogenetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":"49 1","pages":"41-43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145965326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deekshitha Alla, Aparna Malireddi, Rakshna Ramsundar, Dhruv Shah, Sai Santhosha Mrudula Alla, Arghadip Das, Adithya Andanappa, Nyassiri W Emmanuel, Sofia Siddiqui, Nitheesha R Marepalli, Rohit Rao Dugyala, Roohi Kolte
{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Gantenerumab in Patients With Alzheimer Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Deekshitha Alla, Aparna Malireddi, Rakshna Ramsundar, Dhruv Shah, Sai Santhosha Mrudula Alla, Arghadip Das, Adithya Andanappa, Nyassiri W Emmanuel, Sofia Siddiqui, Nitheesha R Marepalli, Rohit Rao Dugyala, Roohi Kolte","doi":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000661","DOIUrl":"10.1097/WNF.0000000000000661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer disease is the most common cause of dementia and a major global health concern with a significant impact on elderly individuals and society. Gantenerumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets aggregated amyloid beta and removes Aβ plaques, could potentially treat Alzheimer disease.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically evaluate the safety of gantenerumab in patients with Alzheimer disease through a meta-analysis of available clinical studies.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted, and six studies were included. Extracted data included study year, location, sample size, age, gender, gantenerumab dosage, APOE4 status, cognitive scores, CSF biomarkers, PET-SUVr, Changes in mental function, hippocampal volume, PET-SUVr, adverse effects, and mortality. Analysis was done using the R software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADAS scores increased less in the gantenerumab group than in the placebo group (MD=-1.25, 95% CI:-1.40 to -1.10, P <0.00001, I ²=88%). The increase in the FAQ score was also smaller (MD=-0.82, 95% CI: -0.92 to -0.72, P <0.00001, I ²=87%). Hippocampal volumes significantly improved (right: MD=11.93, P =0.01; left: MD=12.24, P =0.008). However, gantenerumab was linked to higher rates of ARIA-E (OR=25.62, P <0.00001) and ARIA-H (OR=1.80, P <0.00001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, patients with Alzheimer disease treated with gantenerumab showed significant improvement in the ADAS score, FAQ score, hippocampal volume, and CSF biomarkers compared with those treated with placebo. However, the use of gantenerumab is associated with a higher incidence of ARIA-E and ARIA-H.</p>","PeriodicalId":10449,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"4-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145699913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}