Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology最新文献

{"title":"Differential Causal Associations of Chronic Gastritis and Ulcerative Colitis with Melanoma Risk: A Mendelian Randomization Study Using Large-Sample GWAS Data.","authors":"Ruiqi Jin, Jiamin Lu, Shile Cheng, Shupeng Shi","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S525937","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S525937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Chronic inflammatory diseases are thought to influence cancer development through systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation. However, the causal relationship between chronic gastrointestinal inflammation and cutaneous melanoma remains unclear. This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal link between chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and melanoma risk.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Genetic variants associated with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation were derived from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on autoimmune hepatitis, chronic gastritis, chronic hepatitis B and C infections, chronic pancreatitis, Crohn's disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and ulcerative colitis. Melanoma GWAS data served as the outcome dataset. A two-sample MR analysis was conducted to assess causal relationships, with inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary method. Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger, MR PRESSO, and Cochran's Q test, were also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MR analysis revealed a significant inverse causal relationship between chronic gastritis and melanoma risk (p = 0.023, OR = 0.630, 95% CI = 0.422-0.939). In contrast, a positive causal association was found for ulcerative colitis, with the IVW method showing a significant increase in melanoma risk (p = 0.014, OR = 1.130, 95% CI = 1.025-1.246). No significant causal relationships were observed for other inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis, chronic hepatitis B/C, chronic pancreatitis, Crohn's disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (all p > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Cochran's Q test indicated no significant heterogeneity among genetic instruments for chronic gastritis or ulcerative colitis. The MR-Egger intercept test showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy, and the MR-PRESSO method identified no outlier SNPs. Leave-one-out analysis further demonstrated that no single SNP disproportionately influenced the results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence of an inverse causal relationship between chronic gastritis and melanoma risk. In contrast, ulcerative colitis was found to have a positive causal effect on melanoma susceptibility. These findings highlight the distinct roles that gastrointestinal inflammation may play in the pathogenesis of skin cancer, potentially mediated by divergent immune and inflammatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1551-1563"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12204222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testosterone Deficiency and Sleep Deprivation as Risk Factors for Psoriasis: Insights From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.","authors":"Yue Zhuo, Lin Lin, Qiran Dong, Jianzhou Ye","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S521594","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S521594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psoriasis is a chronic, multisystemic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder with a complex etiology involving genetic, environmental, and systemic factors. Testosterone, a key androgen hormone, has immunomodulatory effects, and its deficiency is linked to increased inflammation. Sleep disturbances are also known to exacerbate systemic inflammation. This study investigates the associations between low testosterone levels, short sleep duration, and psoriasis risk using data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 4,060 male participants, after excluding individuals with missing data on psoriasis, testosterone, sleep duration, and relevant covariates. Psoriasis status was self-reported, testosterone levels were measured using isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS), and sleep duration was assessed through a self-reported questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the associations between testosterone levels, sleep duration, and psoriasis risk. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis explored potential non-linear relationships, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with testosterone levels below 300 ng/dL had a significantly higher risk of psoriasis (OR=2.97, 95% CI: 2.16-4.09, P<0.001) in the fully adjusted model. Short sleep duration (<7 hours) was also associated with increased psoriasis risk (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.33-2.35, P<0.001). The RCS analysis revealed a non-linear association between both testosterone levels and sleep duration with psoriasis risk, with risk plateauing at extremely low testosterone levels and sleep durations longer than 8 hours. Sensitivity analysis excluding participants with testosterone levels >1000 ng/dL confirmed the robustness of these associations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low testosterone levels and short sleep duration are independently associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in a large, diverse male population. These findings highlight the importance of hormonal and lifestyle factors in the prevention and management of psoriasis, suggesting potential intervention points for improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1579-1591"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12205028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion of Random Flap Neovascularisation in Rats with Diabetes Using Botulinum Toxin Type A Through the HIF-1α/VEGF Pathway.","authors":"Hong-Jie Yan, Fang-Ming Lin, Jing-Jing Li, Hao Qin, Yi-He Wang, Chuan-Hua You","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S480125","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S480125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoTA) on the neovascularisation of diabetic flaps through the factor-1alpha (HIF-1α)/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group A consisted of normal rats receiving saline, Group B received BoTA, Group C were diabetic rats treated with saline, and Group D were diabetic rats treated with BoTA. Random-pattern dorsal skin flaps (3×9 cm) were created, and saline or BoTA was injected at proximal, mid and distal regions. Ten days later, orthotopic flap transplantation was performed. After 7 days, flap survival rate, haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, and the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and VEGF were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Flap survival area significantly increased in Group B compared to Group A (P < 0.05), and in Group D compared to Group C (P < 0.05). The highest neovascular density was observed in Group B (P < 0.05), while the lowest was in Group C (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between Groups A and D. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that HIF-1α and VEGF expression levels were highest in Group B, followed by Groups A, D, and C (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BoTA promotes flap survival and neovascularisation in diabetic rats by enhancing HIF-1α and VEGF expression. These results suggest a potential therapeutic role of BoTA in improving flap outcomes in diabetic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1541-1549"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12198351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Quality of Life in Patients with Epidermolysis Bullosa in the Saudi Population: Validation of the QOLEB Questionnaire.","authors":"Nancy Shehata, Saifaleslam A Mahmoud, Sultana Abdulghani, Yara Alghamdi, Zuhier A Awan, Najim Z Alshahrani, Mohammed R Algethami, Mary A Bamimore","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S524468","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S524468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare condition where skin easily blisters. Using an Arabic-translated Quality of Life in Epidermolysis bullosa (QOLEB) questionnaire, we evaluated quality of life across persons with EB in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Respondents were selected through nonprobability convenience sampling. Data were collected using a pre-validated questionnaire. We statistically compared response data across the four EB phenotypes using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Validity was assessed through confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate reliability with results 0.88.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 91 participants with Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB), comprising 60.4% of them were males. Adults and adolescents constituted 61.5% of the study sample. Children with EB faced more bathing challenges, with 64.3% always needing assistance compared to 31.4% of adults/adolescents. Writing adaptations varied significantly (<i>p</i>=0.03), with children exploring alternatives like typing, while adults primarily struggled to hold a pen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings underscore the profound physical, psychological, and social burdens associated with this rare condition, emphasizing the critical need for multidisciplinary care approaches. Addressing gaps in public awareness, improving access to specialized care, and providing psychosocial support for patients and their families are essential steps toward enhancing quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1529-1539"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Autologous Follicular Unit Excision in Pediatric Secondary Cicatricial Alopecia: A Retrospective Case Series.","authors":"Yanchao Niu, Ling Zhu, Yanyan Feng, Zaibing Li, Jian Zhang, Zhoufeng Jin, Ci Ren","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S523182","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S523182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the efficacy of Follicular Unit Excision (FUE) in treating pediatric secondary cicatricial alopecia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected 11 cases of patients under 18 years old who underwent treatment for secondary cicatricial alopecia at the Chengdu Hengmei Hair Medical Clinic from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022. Among them, there was 1 female and 10 males. All patients underwent FUE procedures. After 12 months, the assessment of the surgical efficacy was evaluated using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), and the incidence of complications was recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 11 patients, none experienced complications such as infection, skin necrosis, significant hematoma, unnatural appearance, or temporary hair loss. 6 cases (54.5%) were rated as 1 on the GAIS, indicating extreme satisfaction. 2 cases (18.2%) were rated as 2, signifying satisfaction, resulting in an overall satisfaction rate of 72.7%. 1 case (9.1%) scored 3, showing limited improvement and dissatisfaction, and 2 cases (18.2%) scored 4, indicating no improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FUE hair transplantation is a safe, minimally invasive, and effective method for treating stable cicatricial alopecia in children, leading to significant aesthetic improvements for the patients. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these results and explore long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1521-1527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12186745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144483413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization of Research Trends and Hotspots in Actinic Keratosis Based on Web of Science.","authors":"Zilin Cheng, Zeyun Qiao, Shaojie An, Jinghua Liu, Wenyi Ma, Pingsheng Hao","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S525492","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S525492","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Actinic keratosis (AK) is a precancerous intraepidermal lesion characterized by atypical keratinocyte proliferation. In recent years, research on AK has made continuous progress, but there has been no bibliometric study on it. This study aims to use bibliometric methods to analyze the research and treatment hotspots of AK in recent years, in order to further understand the development direction and frontiers of this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Core literature related to AK was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were employed to conduct a detailed analysis based on publication output, countries/regions, research institutions, journals, authors, and keywords.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,796 documents were included in this study. The United States, Germany, and Italy emerged as the leading contributors to AK research, with the University of Copenhagen identified as the most prolific research institution. Among authors, Pellacani G has published the highest number of articles, while the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology ranks as the most influential journal in this field. The main research hotspots and frontiers in the field of AK are as follows: (1) Molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), particularly involving genomic instability (eg, TP53 mutations); (2) Personalized therapies optimized through immune profiling, genetic biomarkers, and lesion morphology; (3) Emerging frontiers include non-invasive diagnostic technologies and treatment monitoring, which are receiving significant attention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study summarizes the current research status and key areas of focus in AK, providing a foundation for clinical decision-making and guiding future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1507-1519"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial Fat Necrosis After Autologous Fat Grafting Caused by Cellulitis: A Case Report.","authors":"Jiaxu Gu, Jieyi Wang, Zimo Zhu, Bingcheng Lu, Xiaoming Liu, Bo Yu","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S526475","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S526475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autologous fat grafting is a widely used soft tissue filling technique for facial rejuvenation, favored for its high biocompatibility and long-lasting effects. However, the long-term risk of infection due to alterations in local tissue structure remains unclear. This article reports a case of perforating cellulitis in the frontotemporal region of a 39-year-old female patient 3 years after multiple autologous fat grafting procedures. The patient, with no significant prior medical history or immune compromise, developed sudden redness and swelling in the right temporal region, which rapidly spread to the forehead and left temporal region, resulting in perforating abscesses and fat liquefaction necrosis at the filling sites. Laboratory tests identified Staphylococcus aureus as the causative pathogen. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous ceftriaxone sodium and surgical drainage, achieving full recovery with no recurrence during a 6-month follow-up. This case highlights that repeated subcutaneous fat grafting may loosen tissue structure, potentially increasing susceptibility to infection spread. It underscores the importance of vigilance for delayed infections in patients with a history of cosmetic procedures, even years post-operation. Clinicians should consider aesthetic fillings as a possible risk factor for cellulitis and prioritize prompt pathogen identification and aggressive treatment. The findings emphasize the need for long-term monitoring and further research into infection mechanisms post-aesthetic surgery to enhance procedural safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1501-1505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Corticosteroid and Minoxidil Therapy for Early Recovery in Radiation-Induced Alopecia: A Case Report.","authors":"Xi Chen, Yutong Xie, Aihua Wei","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S520575","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S520575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This case report describes a 42-year-old man who developed radiation-induced alopecia after an endovascular embolization procedure for a cerebral arteriovenous fistula. The alopecia appeared as a well-defined patch of hair loss on the right scalp, confirmed by biopsy showing lymphocytic infiltration and increased catagen and telogen follicles. The patient was treated with intramuscular corticosteroid injections and topical 5% minoxidil, leading to complete hair regrowth after three months. Radiation-induced alopecia, though rare and typically self-limiting, requires early diagnosis. This case highlights a novel therapeutic approach combining corticosteroids and minoxidil for faster recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1495-1499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182084/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gray Hair: From Preventive to Treatment.","authors":"Yedi Herdiana","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S526263","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S526263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is an inevitable natural process, with gray hair being one of its most visible signs. Hair graying holds psychosocial importance and is an excellent model for studying human pigmentation and aging in an accessible mini-organ. This phenomenon results from decreased melanin production in hair follicles, influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Gray hair often poses aesthetic concerns and can be accelerated by environmental stressors, lifestyle choices, and nutritional deficiencies. Given the variation in onset and prevalence of gray hair, this study explores the underlying biological factors-namely, genetics, oxidative stress, and hormonal changes-to inform better prevention and treatment strategies. Recent advancements in prevention and treatment, such as topical melanin stimulants, antioxidants, dietary supplements, and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), offer promising approaches to managing gray hair. Understanding gray hair comprehensively-encompassing biological, psychological, and social dimensions-provides valuable insights into the aging process and can enhance overall well-being while addressing the stigma associated with aging. Our comprehensive analysis reveals that while graying correlates with certain health conditions, its primary significance is physiological rather than pathological. This understanding is essential for healthcare providers and the public to approach graying with scientific objectivity rather than social prejudice.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1475-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12182098/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144474089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and Recent Advances of Small-Molecule Therapeutics in Rosacea Treatment.","authors":"Maogen Ye, Pingsheng Hao, Nana Luo, Tianhao Li","doi":"10.2147/CCID.S525787","DOIUrl":"10.2147/CCID.S525787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rosacea is a common dermatological disease, and the complexity of its etiology and pathogenesis makes conventional treatment of rosacea difficult. Small-molecule drugs are a new option for the treatment of rosacea. Based on its good efficacy, convenience of use, affordable price and other advantages, more and more small-molecule drugs are used in the treatment and management of rosacea, involving a variety of molecular pathways, including JAK/STAT signaling pathway, TRPV, TLR2-KLK5-LL37 and mTOR pathways, Th1/Th17-IL17, PED-4, AhR and MRGPRX2. However, the specific treatment mechanism and research progress have not been systematically elucidated. This review summarizes the latest advances in small molecules targeting key inflammatory pathways in rosacea, provides new ideas for the treatment of rosacea and new directions for the clinical management of rosacea. In addition, we need to pay attention to individual differences in patients, the side effects of drugs and formulations. Therefore, further research on small-molecule drugs for the treatment of rosacea is very necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":10447,"journal":{"name":"Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology","volume":"18 ","pages":"1459-1470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12170860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144316043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}