Clinical Microbiology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Case-fatality rate of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by various serotypes—an analysis of nationwide surveillance data from Israel, 2009–2018","authors":"Anat Wieder-Finesod ,&nbsp;Dafna Yahav ,&nbsp;Carmit Rubin ,&nbsp;Shirley Hashkor ,&nbsp;Jo Southern ,&nbsp;Gabriel Mircus ,&nbsp;Christian Theilacker ,&nbsp;Ron Dagan ,&nbsp;Gili Regev-Yochay","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) has been introduced in Israel. Its public health benefit depends on its effect on mortality caused by PCV20 serotypes not present in 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) (PCV20non13). We aimed to describe invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) characteristics and case-fatality rate (CFR) among adults by serotypes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed data from the Israeli nationwide surveillance database of IPD in adults, 2009–2018. The primary outcome was in-hospital CFR within 30 days, focusing on specific serotypes. Adjusted ORs (aORs) for association between PCV20non13 serotypes and mortality were calculated using logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 3864 IPD episodes were reported, 3733 (96.6%) with known serotype, 54% (1705/3123) were in men; 54% (1997/3733) were aged ≥65 years. PCV13-IPD cases constituted 40% of all IPD and decreased during the study years. PCV20non13 and nonPCV20 serotypes constituted 26% and 34% of cases, respectively, and increased over time. The most frequent non-PCV13 serotypes detected were PCV20non13 serotypes 8 (8%), 12F (7.2%), 22F (3%), and nonPCV20 serotype 16F (5%). In-hospital CFR was 22% (698/3140). CFR for PCV13 serotype was 21.1% (265/1255); for PCV20non13, it was 16.2% (124/766); and for nonPCV20, it was 28.5% (289/1014). Among PCV20non13 serotypes compared with PCV13 serotypes, 11A was associated with higher CFR (41%, aOR 3.1, 95% CI: 1.64–5.83), whereas serotype 8 was associated with lower CFR (8%, aOR: 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.8).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>PCV20non13 serotypes constituted 26% of all adult IPD in the post-PCV13 era. CFR from PCV20non13 serotype IPD was comparable with that from PCV13 serotypes. These data support the potential added benefit of PCV20 in reducing mortality from IPD, though mortality remains substantial from nonPCV20 serotypes. Future IPD-related mortality will depend on the evolution of serotype distribution over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 226-232"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus outbreaks in areas of low prevalence","authors":"Katherine L. Bellis ,&nbsp;Oshani M. Dissanayake ,&nbsp;Ewan M. Harrison ,&nbsp;Dinesh Aggarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Community-acquired (CA), community-onset methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (CO-MRSA) infection presents a significant public health challenge, even where MRSA rates are historically lower. Despite successes in reducing hospital-onset MRSA, CO-MRSA rates are increasing globally, with a need to understand this trend, and the potential risk factors for re-emergence.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This review aims to explore the characteristics of outbreaks of community-acquired community-onset methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> in low-prevalence areas, to understand the factors involved in its rise, and to translate this knowledge into public health policy and further research needs.</div></div><div><h3>Sources</h3><div>PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched using combinations of the terms ‘transmission’, ‘acquisition’, ‘community-acquired’, ‘MRSA’, ‘CA-MRSA’, ‘low prevalence’, ‘genomic’, ‘outbreak’, ‘colonisation’, and ‘carriage’. Wherever evidence was limited, additional articles were sought specifically, via PubMed searches. Papers where materials were not available in English were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Content</h3><div>Challenges in defining low-prevalence areas and the significance of exposure to various risk factors for community acquisition, such as healthcare settings, travel, livestock, and environmental factors, are discussed. The importance of genomic surveillance in identifying outbreak strains and understanding the transmission dynamics is highlighted, along with the need for robust public health policies and control measures.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>The findings emphasise the complexity of CO-MRSA transmission and the necessity of a multifaceted approach in low-prevalence areas. This includes integrated and systematic surveillance of hospital-onset-, CO-, and livestock-associated MRSA, as has been effective in some Northern European countries. The evolution of CO-MRSA underscores the need for global collaboration, routine genomic surveillance, and comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship to mitigate the rise of CO-MRSA and address the broader challenge of antimicrobial resistance. These efforts are crucial for maintaining low MRSA prevalence and managing the increasing burden of CO-MRSA in both low and higher prevalence regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 182-189"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141426498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: Quantifying the long-term effects of measles infection by Dor et al.","authors":"Lingyu Xu,&nbsp;Yan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Page 302"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing antibiotic use in pets: insight into pet owners' knowledge and personal antibiotic use suggests a benefit of cross-sectoral education to combat inappropriate antimicrobial use","authors":"Angela Chow ,&nbsp;Seema K. Aithal ,&nbsp;Huiling Guo ,&nbsp;Timothy Chua ,&nbsp;Boon Han Teo ,&nbsp;Zoe Jane-Lara Hildon","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 293-295"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re: ‘How to manage adult patients with malaria in the non-endemic setting’ by Antinori et al.","authors":"Nicolas Dauby ,&nbsp;Charlotte Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 298-299"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142104996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro activity of cefepime-enmetazobactam on carbapenem-resistant Gram negatives","authors":"Rémy A. Bonnin ,&nbsp;Katy Jeannot ,&nbsp;Anne Santerre Henriksen ,&nbsp;Juan Quevedo ,&nbsp;Laurent Dortet","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Cefepime-enmetazobactam is a new β-lactam/βlactamase inhibitor combination with broad-spectrum activity against multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. This study evaluated the <em>in vitro</em> activity of cefepime-enmetazobactam towards a collection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> compared to the other β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The MIC of cefepime, cefepime-enmetazobactam, ceftazidime, ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem, meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem, imipenem-relebactam, and ertapenem were determined by broth microdilution on 2212 CRE, including 2089 carbapenemase producers (1000 OXA-48-like, 49 KPC, 697 NDM, 180 VIM, 1 IMP, 9 IMI, and 158 multiple carbapenemases) and 123 CRE that do not produce carbapenemase received at the French National Reference Centre (from March 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023), 50 <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, and 30 <em>A. baumannii</em>. All strains were fully sequenced.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We confirmed the absence of inhibitory activity of enmetazobactam towards metallo-β-lactamases. Cefepime-enmetazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam exhibited a similar susceptibility (96.7% vs. 99.5%, respectively) on OXA-48-producers. Cefepime-enmetazobactam exhibited 66.9% and 63.3% susceptibility for CRE non-EPC and KPC, whereas those rates rose to 96.7%/95.9%, 93.4%/95.9%, and 95.9%/98.0% for ceftazidime-avibactam, imipenem-relebactam, and meropenem-vaborbactam, respectively. Low MICs (≤0.25 mg/L) were obtained for ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant KPC variants.</div><div>Cefepime-enmetazobactam did not display a significant added value when compared with cefepime alone on <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>OXA-48 producers displayed high susceptibility to cefepime-enmetazobactam, which is similar to ceftazidime-avibactam, including for OXA-48 producers that coproduce a ceftazidime hydrolyzing enzyme (extended-spectrum β-lactamases or AmpC). <em>In vivo</em> experiments have to be implemented to confirm if cefepime-enmetazobactam might be a relevant alternative to ceftazidime-avibactam for the treatment of infections caused by OXA-48 producers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 240-249"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of extended infusion of β-lactam antibiotics for the treatment of febrile neutropenia in haematologic patients (BEATLE): a randomized, multicentre, open-label, superiority clinical trial","authors":"Julia Laporte-Amargos ,&nbsp;Francisco Carmona-Torre ,&nbsp;Maria Huguet ,&nbsp;Pedro Puerta-Alcalde ,&nbsp;Raul Rigo-Bonnin ,&nbsp;Marta Ulldemolins ,&nbsp;Montserrat Arnan ,&nbsp;Jose Luis del Pozo ,&nbsp;Anna Torrent ,&nbsp;Carolina Garcia-Vidal ,&nbsp;Natàlia Pallarès ,&nbsp;Cristian Tebé ,&nbsp;Carme Muñoz ,&nbsp;Fe Tubau ,&nbsp;Ariadna Padullés ,&nbsp;Ana-Maria Sureda ,&nbsp;Jordi Carratalà ,&nbsp;Carlota Gudiol","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The efficacy of extended infusions (EI) of β-lactam antibiotics for optimising outcomes in febrile neutropenia is unclear. We assessed whether the administration of β-lactams was more effective in EI than in intermittent infusion (II) for the treatment of febrile neutropenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We performed a randomized, open-label, superiority clinical trial of patients with febrile neutropenia at four Spanish university hospitals. Patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation or with acute leukaemia receiving chemotherapy who required empirical antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive EI of β-lactam or II after a first dose in bolus. The choice of antipseudomonal β-lactam was left to the discretion of the attending physician. The primary endpoint was treatment success at day 5, defined as defervescence without modifying the antibiotic treatment. Secondary endpoints included adverse events, attainment of the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target of 50%, 75%, and 100%<em>ƒ</em>_<em>u</em>T _&gt; MIC, and 30-day mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From November 19, 2019 to June 22, 2022, 295 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 150 were randomly assigned to receive EI (<em>n</em> = 77) or II (<em>n</em> = 73) of the antipseudomonal β-lactam of choice. In the intention-to-treat analysis, treatment success at day 5 was achieved in 39/77 patients (50.6%) receiving EI versus 46/73 patients (63.0%) receiving II (risk difference, −12.4%; 95% CI, −29.4 to 4.7; p 0.17). The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets of 75% and 100% <em>ƒ</em>_<em>u</em>T _&gt; MIC for empirical treatment were achieved more frequently in the EI group. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of adverse events or 30-day mortality.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Our findings do not support the routine use of empirical EI of β-lactams in febrile neutropenia. Further studies should consider the clinical heterogeneity of febrile neutropenia and focus on patients with sepsis or septic shock and microbiologically documented infections, particularly those with infections caused by microorganisms less susceptible to β-lactams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 211-219"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing paediatric risk in the Mpox era","authors":"Jaime David Acosta-España ,&nbsp;Ángeles Costta ,&nbsp;Jenny Belén Altamirano-Jara ,&nbsp;Andrés Herrera-Yela ,&nbsp;D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana ,&nbsp;Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 157-160"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marburg virus disease outbreak in Rwanda, 2024","authors":"Martin P. Grobusch ,&nbsp;Pikka Jokelainen ,&nbsp;Anne L. Wyllie ,&nbsp;Nitin Gupta ,&nbsp;José Ramón Paño-Pardo ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Barac ,&nbsp;Casandra Bulescu ,&nbsp;Galadriel Pellejero-Sagastizábal ,&nbsp;Abraham Goorhuis ,&nbsp;F-Xavier Lescure ,&nbsp;Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas ,&nbsp;Marta Mora-Rillo","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 161-163"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142709302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection prevention—how can we prevent transmission of community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?","authors":"Carol M. Kao,&nbsp;Stephanie A. Fritz","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><span><span>Staphylococcus aureus</span></span><span> is a versatile organism, capable of existing as a commensal organism while also possessing pathogenic potential. The emergence of clinically and genetically distinct strains of methicillin-resistant </span><em>S. aureus</em><span> (MRSA), termed community-onset MRSA (CO-MRSA), resulted in an epidemic of invasive and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) in otherwise healthy individuals without traditional risk factors. Colonization with </span><em>S. aureus</em> is a risk factor for developing infection and also a source of transmission to close contacts. Outbreaks of <em>S. aureus</em><span> SSTI have been described in crowded settings and within households. Thus, preventive strategies are essential to interrupt recurrent infections.</span></div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div><span>The objective of this narrative review is to provide a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to prevent transmission of CO-MRSA. We highlight key clinical trials that emphasize the importance of household and environmental </span><em>S. aureus</em> colonization in propagating household transmission. Finally, we highlight research priorities to prevent <em>S. aureus</em> infection.</div></div><div><h3>Sources</h3><div>We cite primary literature from peer-reviewed publications as sources for this review.</div></div><div><h3>Content</h3><div>Our recommended approach to the management of individuals presenting with skin abscesses includes optimal treatment of the initial infection and hygiene education. Decolonization measures should be recommended for individuals with recurrent SSTIs or whose household members have SSTIs. Targeted decolonization with topical antimicrobials should be prescribed to all affected individuals within the household.</div></div><div><h3>Implications</h3><div>S<em>. aureus</em> infections result in substantial mortality and morbidity because of the high incidence of recurrent skin infections. Although current decolonization strategies are beneficial, interventions are often costly to families and effectiveness wanes over time. Results from a recently completed trial evaluating integrated periodic decolonization and household environmental hygiene will further add to our understanding of what constitutes a sustainable decolonization approach. In addition, novel preventive strategies are being developed such as <em>S. aureus</em><span> vaccines, lytic agents, probiotics<span><span>, microbiota<span> transplants, and </span></span>phage therapy.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":"31 2","pages":"Pages 166-172"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}