Clinical Microbiology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of antibiotics for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: an updated narrative review for clinicians.","authors":"Valentina Galfo, Giusy Tiseo, Niccolò Riccardi, Marco Falcone","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are associated with high mortality rates. Optimal antibiotic dosage plays a crucial role in reducing MRSA burden; thus, the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in the clinical practice, especially of new drugs such as ceftobiprole, ceftaroline, dalbavancin, and oritavancin, should be implemented.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aim to examine and summarize the available evidence about TDM of anti-MRSA molecules, with a focus on pneumonia, endocarditis and vascular infections, and bone and joint infections.</p><p><strong>Sources: </strong>We applied 'therapeutic drug monitoring' and 'Staphylococcus aureus' as search terms in PubMed, considering a time frame of 24 years (2001-2024). Articles in English language, non-duplicated, evaluating antibiotic therapeutic target, and role of TDM were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>In this review, available data for therapeutic target and TDM were critically analysed and summarized and suggestions about the use of old and new anti-MRSA antibiotics were provided, focusing on optimal dosages, tissue penetration according to infection types, and toxicity. Limitations to the widespread use of TDM in clinical practice were discussed.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The use of TDM may play an important role for the optimal management of patients with MRSA infections and may impact on patient outcomes by increasing efficacy and reducing the risk of adverse events. TDM may be implemented in clinical practice; however, several limitations such as the wide variability in the methodology and the need for skilled personnel need to be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between pertactin-producing Bordetella pertussis and fulminant pertussis in infants: a multicentre study in France, 2008-2019.","authors":"Pauline Leroux, Soraya Matczak, Valérie Bouchez, Stevenn Volant, Antoine Ouziel, Elise Launay, Albert Faye, Valérie Rabier, Jean Sarlangue, Eric Jeziorski, Zoha Maakaroun-Vermesse, Fouad Madhi, Didier Pinquier, Mathie Lorrot, Marie Pouletty, Aymeric Cantais, Etienne Javouhey, Fatima Aït Belghiti, Sophie Guillot, Carla Rodrigues, Sylvain Brisse, Jérémie F Cohen, Julie Toubiana","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Virulence factors of the causative agent, Bordetella pertussis, may be involved in fulminant pertussis, the most severe form of whooping cough (pertussis) in infants. We aimed to assess the association between fulminant pertussis and the status of pertactin (PRN) production of B. pertussis clinical isolates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Symptomatic infants aged <6 months with a positive B. pertussis culture from 2008-2019 were included. B. pertussis isolates and clinical data were collected from French hospital laboratories through the national pertussis surveillance network. Fulminant pertussis was defined as a case with a leukocyte count >40 × 10⁹/L and at least one of the following criteria: respiratory failure, pulmonary hypertension, shock, or multiple organ failure. PRN production was assessed by western blotting. Baseline characteristics of infants and microbiological findings were compared between patients with and without fulminant pertussis. To identify patient and microbiological features associated with fulminant pertussis, a multivariable modified Poisson regression model was developed with confounders selected using a directed acyclic graph.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 361 infants with pertussis (median age 63 days [interquartile range, 39-86]), of whom 32 (9%) progressed to fulminant pertussis. None of the mothers was vaccinated during pregnancy. Of the 361 implicated B. pertussis isolates, 294 (81%) produced PRN. Patients with fulminant pertussis were more often neonates (adjusted relative risk [aRR]: 3.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.76-7.44), infants with a history of prematurity (aRR: 7.08, 95% CI: 3.06-16.36), unvaccinated infants (aRR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.02-19.24), and infants infected by PRN-producing isolates (aRR: 3.76, 95% CI: 1.02-13.83).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>PRN-producing B. pertussis was independently associated with an increased risk of fulminant pertussis. In a context where PRN-containing acellular pertussis vaccines favour the emergence of PRN-deficient isolates, our study suggests a positive role for such vaccines in driving the evolution of B. pertussis populations towards reduced virulence.</p>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"233-239"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex mpox situation, 2024.","authors":"Pikka Jokelainen, Anne L Wyllie, Nitin Gupta, Aleksandra Barac, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Casandra Bulescu, José Ramón Paño-Pardo, Marta Mora-Rillo, Martin P Grobusch, F-Xavier Lescure","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.028","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"152-153"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isoniazid resistance pattern among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Bangladesh: An exploratory study.","authors":"Syed Mohammad Mazidur Rahman, Pushpita Samina, Tanjina Rahman, Ahammad Shafiq Sikder Adel, Rumana Nasrin, Mohammad Khaja Mafij Uddin, Md Jahid Hasan, Shahriar Ahmed, Paul Daru, Pronab Kumar Modak, Md Abdul Hamid Salim, Sardar Munim Ibna Mohsin, Sayera Banu","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries such as Bangladesh, research and policy tend to focus on rifampicin (RIF)-resistant TB patients, leaving RIF-sensitive but isoniazid (INH)-resistant (Hr-TB) patients undiagnosed. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of INH resistance among pulmonary TB patients in selected health care facilities in Bangladesh.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted across nine TB Screening and Treatment Centres situated in Bangladesh. Sputum samples from 1084 Xpert-positive pulmonary TB patients were collected between April 2021 and December 2022 and cultured for drug susceptibility testing. Demographic and clinical characteristics of Hr-TB and drug-susceptible TB patients were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among available drug susceptibility testing results of 998 culture-positive isolates, the resistance rate of any INH regardless of RIF susceptibility was 6.4% (64/998, 95% CI: 4.9-8.2). The rate was significantly higher in previously treated (21.1%, 16/76, 95% CI: 12.0-34.2) compared with newly diagnosed TB patients (5.2%, 48/922, 95% CI: 3.8-6.9) (p < 0.001). The rate of Hr-TB was 4.5% (45/998, 95% CI: 3.3-6.0), which was also higher among previously treated patients (6.6%, 5/76, 95% CI: 1.4-13.5) compared with newly diagnosed TB patients (4.3%; 40/922, 95% CI: 3.1-5.9) (p 0.350). Most importantly, the rate of Hr-TB was more than double compared with MDR-TB (4.5%, 45/998, vs. 1.9%, 19/998) found in the current study.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study reveals a high prevalence of Hr-TB, surpassing even that of the multi-drug-resistant TB in Bangladesh. This emphasizes the urgent need to adopt WHO-recommended molecular tools at the national level for rapid detection of INH resistance so that patients receive timely and appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"220-225"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'How to manage adult patients with malaria in the non-endemic setting': author's response.","authors":"Spinello Antinori, Andrea Giacomelli, Giacomo Casalini, Anna Lisa Ridolfo","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.08.029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"300-301"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142153300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global vaccination against hepatitis E virus: position paper from the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis Study Group.","authors":"Susanne Dudman, Arjana Zerja, İmran Hasanoğlu, Simona Ruta, Berend van Welzen, Laura Ambra Nicolini, Paul Yonga, Joakim Øverbø, Sumit Rawat, Selma Habibovic, Tan Bou Kim, Antonio Rivero-Juarez","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.11.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Scope: </strong>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant global health issue, impacting both low- and middle-income countries and industrialized nations. HEV genotypes 1 and 2, primarily transmitted through contaminated water, are endemic in low- and middle-income countries, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotically transmitted in industrialized regions. Acute HEV infection poses severe risks, particularly to pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals, whereas chronic HEV infection leads to serious complications in those with pre-existing liver disease and transplant recipients. The development of an HEV vaccine offers new prevention opportunities, though its availability and integration into global immunization programmes remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This position paper was developed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis Study Group through an extensive review of clinical data, safety profiles, efficacy, and immunogenicity of HEV vaccines. The study group focused particularly on high-risk and special populations, synthesizing global health insights and incorporating recommendations from the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts to formulate strategies for wider HEV vaccination use.</p><p><strong>Questions addressed in the position paper: </strong>The position paper evaluates the efficacy and safety of HEV vaccines in both general and special populations. It identifies key barriers to the integration of HEV vaccines into routine immunization programmes, including infrastructure limitations, costs, and vaccine accessibility. The paper also proposes strategies to overcome these challenges and improve vaccine distribution. Furthermore, it addresses ways to enhance public awareness and international cooperation to promote HEV vaccination efforts globally.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Viral Hepatitis Study Group recommends HEV vaccination for high-risk groups, including women of childbearing age, patients with chronic liver diseases, and immunosuppressed individuals. Prioritizing investments in vaccine logistics, integrating diagnostics, and educational outreach can enhance uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"201-210"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142643892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eradication of community-onset Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage: a narrative review.","authors":"Annette C Westgeest, Jaap L J Hanssen, Mark G J de Boer, Emile F Schippers, Merel M C Lambregts","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization increases infection risk in both patients and healthy individuals. Decolonization therapy has been proven to reduce S. aureus infections, but data on the effectiveness of individual decolonization strategies in community-onset MRSA carriage are scarce.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the evidence on strategies for the elimination of MRSA colonization in community-onset MRSA carriers.</p><p><strong>Sources: </strong>PubMed database was searched for studies on MRSA eradication, from inception to July 2023.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>Topical therapy is proven to be effective in nasal-only carriage and in temporary load reduction. Mupirocin nasal ointment in combination with chlorhexidine body wash is highly effective in nasal-only MRSA carriers in the community as well. In patients with extra-nasal colonization, addition of orally administered antibiotics likely increases success rates compared with topical therapy alone. Studies on systemic treatment of extra-nasal MRSA decolonization are subject to a high heterogeneity of antimicrobial agents, treatment duration, and control groups. The majority of evidence supports the use of a combination of topical therapy with rifampin and another antimicrobial agent. Decolonization treatment with probiotics is a promising novel non-antibiotic strategy. However, achieving long-term decolonization is more likely in countries with low MRSA prevalence, given the risk of recolonization in a context of high MRSA prevalence.</p><p><strong>Implications: </strong>The decision to pursue community-onset MRSA eradication treatment in the individual patient should be based on the combination of the treatment objective (short-term bacterial load reduction in health care settings vs. long-term eradication in community settings), and the likelihood of successful decolonization. The latter is influenced by both individual risk factors for treatment failure, and the risk of recolonization. The addition of a combination of systemic antibiotics is rational for extra-nasal long-term decolonization. To determine the most effective systemic antimicrobial agents in MRSA decolonization, more research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139432473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'Quantifying the long-term effects of measles infection': author's response.","authors":"Ella Dor, Ronen Fluss, Ariel Israel, Amit Huppert","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"303"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142342946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of C-reactive protein point-of-care testing on antibiotic prescriptions for children and adults with suspected respiratory tract infections in primary care: author's response.","authors":"Camille Jung, Xavier Wang, Corinne Levy, Robert Cohen, Robert Touitou","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.09.032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"306-307"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales emerging in Finland's capital region over 2010-2023: increasing proportion of CPE cases first detected in clinical samples.","authors":"Mikael Kajova, Tamim Khawaja, Katariina Kainulainen, Anu Kantele","doi":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cmi.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10444,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Microbiology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":"296-297"},"PeriodicalIF":10.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}