Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Thyroxine Disrupts Synaptic Plasticity via Non-genomic Action in the Hippocampus.","authors":"Soner Bitiktaş, Cem Süer, Hamiyet Dönmez Altuntaş","doi":"10.9758/cpn.25.1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Numerous neurological deficiency disorders are caused by the thyroid hormones' early-life modulatory actions, which persist throughout adulthood. Pairing-pulse facilitation is used to assess hippocampal short-term plasticity, while long-term potentiation (LTP) is used to assess long-term plasticity. Thyroid hormones target the genes that cause synaptic plasticity to occur. This study focused on the non-genomic effects of T4 hormone in the hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>After a 15-minute baseline recording, LTP was induced by applying high-frequency stimulation protocols. Infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or L-thyroxine were performed during the stimulation protocols. We performed real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to determine whether there was a difference in gene expression levels in the hippocampi of rats infuse with aCSF or T4 and how this correlated with LTP responses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>T4 infusion was observed to impair LTP. T4 increased CREB and GluN2B expression in all groups while decreasing GluN1 expression in unstimulated hippocampi and increasing it during the induction phase of LTP. It decreased GluN2A expression during the induction phase of LTP. During the maintenance phase of LTP, T4 prevented the increase in Elk-1 and p38MAPK expression levels observed in the aCSF group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>When we evaluated LTP responses together with RT-qPCR analyses, we found that T4 impaired LTP responses and increased CREB and GluN2B expression. T4's reduction of GluN2A expression levels may be responsible for the impairment during the induction phase of LTP, while its inhibition of the increase in Elk-1 expression may be responsible for the impairment observed during the maintenance phase of LTP.</p>","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 2","pages":"320-332"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122155/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delirious Mania with Mild Encephalitis and a Reversible Splenial Lesion Successfully Treated with Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Ibrahim Sungur, Cenk Eraslan, Mehmet Cagdas Eker","doi":"10.9758/cpn.25.1324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Delirious mania is a rare but severe neuropsychiatric condition characterized by the acute onset of manic symptoms, agitation, delirium, and catatonia. It constitutes a psychiatric emergency and is often misdiagnosed as infectious or autoimmune encephalitis due to overlapping clinical features. Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a radiological entity typically associated with viral infections, metabolic imbalances, or neuroinflammation, presenting as an acute encephalopathic state. We report the case of a 37-year-old male with bipolar disorder who presented with acute-onset aggressive behavior, delusions, disorganized speech, and autonomic instability. Despite the initial pharmacological intervention, his symptoms persisted. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed a splenial lesion consistent with MERS. Given the poor response to conventional treatment, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) was initiated, resulting in significant clinical improvement. This case illustrates the rare co-occurrence of delirious mania and MERS, emphasizing the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges posed by such presentations. It further underscores the potential utility of ECT in managing treatment-resistant delirious mania, particularly in the context of neuroinflammatory involvement. The observed clinical improvement suggest that ECT may exert therapeutic effects beyond conventional psychiatric symptom management. Although this report may help clinicians in the treatment of similar presentations, further research is warranted to elucidate the relationship between neuroinflammation and psychiatric disorders and to establish the role of ECT in similar cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 2","pages":"414-418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122156/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Ceramide Metabolism in Autogenous and Reactive Obsessions: A Biomarker Perspective in OCD.","authors":"Ebru Ozdemir, Filiz Kulacaoglu, Mehmet Atakay, Bekir Salih, Onur Senol","doi":"10.9758/cpn.25.1338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the levels of ceramide pathway metabolites between autogenous and reactive subtypes of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls (HC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Targeted lipid analyses of ceramide C24:1, hydroxy-ceramide (C24:0 and C18:0), sphingomyelin (SM 16:0), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) were performed in 52 OCD patients and 27 HC. Patients with OCD group were divided into subgroups based on their primary obsessions: autogenous obsession (AO) and reactive obsession (RO). Sphingolipid species of three groups were compared. Serum samples of ceramide pathway metabolites were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>C18:0 hydroxy-ceramide and S1P levels were significantly higher in patients with OCD than in the HC (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The levels of C24:1 ceramide in the OCD patients with AO were significantly higher than in the OCD patients with RO (<i>p</i> = 0.013) and in the HC group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In patients with OCD, significant positive correlations were found between C24:1 ceramide levels and C24:0 hydroxy-ceramide levels (r = 0.326, <i>p</i> = 0.019), between C24:0 hydroxy-ceramide levels and C18:0 hydroxy-ceramide (r = 0.569, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and S1P (r = 0.619, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and between C18:0 hydroxy-ceramide levels and S1P (r = 0.652, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The finding of significantly higher C24:1 ceramide levels in OCD patients with AO may be a novel biomarker that highlights the heterogeneous nature of OCD and the specific neurobiological differences between autogenous and reactive subtypes. This study highlights the role of ceramide pathway metabolites in the pathophysiology of OCD and provides new insights into its underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 2","pages":"286-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Psychiatry with Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality: Recent Advances and Limitations.","authors":"June Ho Chang, Yoo Jin Jang, Se Chang Yoon, Ji Hyun An, Jung-Seok Choi, Hong Jin Jeon","doi":"10.9758/cpn.25.1382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital psychiatry has rapidly expanded with the integration of immersive technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). These modalities allow for controlled, engaging, and ecologically valid interventions across a wide range of psychiatric disorders. In this review, a narrative synthesis was conducted based on systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials identified through PubMed, Google Scholar, complemented by seminal earlier works. VR-based therapies demonstrated robust efficacy for anxiety disorders and phobias, with meta-analytic evidence supporting large effect sizes. For post-traumatic stress disorder virtual reality exposure therapy was superior to waitlist control and comparable to established psychotherapies, although AR exposure therapy remains underexplored. In autism spectrum disorder, VR and AR interventions significantly enhanced cognitive, social, and communication skills. AR applications have additionally been validated for cognitive assessment in Alzheimer's disease, and VR/AR-supported rehabilitation showed promise in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite encouraging findings, challenges remain, including small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, heterogeneity of protocols, and risks such as cybersickness or fatigue. VR and AR represent innovative tools with growing empirical support across psychiatric practice, extending from diagnostic assessment to therapeutic and rehabilitative interventions. Standardized protocols, large-scale trials, and long-term outcome studies are needed to integrate these technologies into routine clinical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 2","pages":"240-251"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of NOS3 rs1799983 Polymorphism with Cognitive Function in Patients with First Episode Depression.","authors":"Yina Yin, Lingkai Tang, Jiaojiao Xia, Junxiao Chang, Min Qian, Feifei Chen, Shuming Li, Xiaoping Gu","doi":"10.9758/cpn.25.1361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Global aging has led to a steady rise in the number of older adults suffering from the first-episode depression with cognitive impairment (FEDCI), which imposes a huge medical and financial burden on patients and their families. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of the NOS3 rs1799983 polymorphism on the FEDCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 224 first-episode depression (FED) and 295 FEDCI patients were included in the study, whose serum levels of NOS3 and inflammatory factors were detected by RT-qPCR. The TaqMan probe method was used to detect the rs1799983 genotype distribution. GDS-15 and HAMD-17 were used to detect the level of depression, and MMSE was used to detect cognitive impairment. Chi-square analysis was used to detect the correlation between clinical characteristics and NOS3 expression. Risk factors for FEDCI were analyzed by logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The NOS3 expression decreased, and TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expression increased in the FEDCI group, and these two factors' expression was negatively correlated. The MMSE score was positively correlated with the NOS3 expression. The TT genotype and T gene frequency in the distribution of FEDCI patients accounted for a high percentage, with the TT genotype being the causative genotype. Education, GDS-15, HAMD-17, and MMSE are correlated with the NOS3 expression. MMSE, NOS3 expression, and the rs1799983 TT genotype were risk factors of FEDCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NOS3 expression was decreased in FEDCI, and the rs1799983 TT genotype was pathogenic. The NOS3 rs1799983 polymorphism in FEDCI provided a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 2","pages":"368-378"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Olanzapine Long-acting Injection in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Jithin Thekkelkuthiyathottil Joseph, Rashmi Vishwanath, Sonia Shenoy","doi":"10.9758/cpn.25.1372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Olanzapine long-acting injection (LAI) is a second-generation antipsychotic used in patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, particularly those with poor adherence. However, evidence on its comparative efficacy, safety, and tolerability remains limited. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, ProQuest) were searched through May 2025. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental, and observational studies evaluating olanzapine LAI in adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Risk of bias was assessed using Revised Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (Version 2), Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data were synthesized using RevMan 5.4. Nine studies (n = 2,915) met inclusion criteria; only two RCTs were eligible for meta-analysis. Olanzapine LAI showed no significant difference from oral olanzapine in reducing Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores (mean difference = 1.41; 95% CI: -0.22 to 3.04; <i>p</i> = 0.09) or Clinical Global Impression-Severity scores (mean difference = 0.03; 95% CI: -0.15 to 0.21; <i>p</i> = 0.73). Relapse (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.61), adverse events (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.42), and weight gain were also similar. Across included studies, post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome was reported in 47 participants and resolved without hospitalization or long-term sequelae. Based on low-certainty evidence from limited RCTs, olanzapine LAI appears comparable in efficacy and tolerability to oral olanzapine. It may be considered for patients with adherence difficulties, but careful safety monitoring is required and further head-to-head trials are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 2","pages":"226-239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122169/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Social Support on Suicide Risk among Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Depressive, and Comorbid Symptom Groups in Elderly Living Alone in Korea.","authors":"Hae-Joo Ahn, Moon-Doo Kim, Hyun-Ju Yang, Won-Myong Bahk","doi":"10.9758/cpn.25.1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>With the rapid increase in elderly individuals living alone, concerns about their vulnerability to psychiatric disorders and suicide have grown. Jeju Island's population endures the intergenerational impact of the 4ㆍ3 Incident, a collective trauma resulting from a large-scale civilian massacre. This study aimed to classify elderly living alone in Jeju into four psychiatric groups-healthy, PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms and comorbid PTSD and depressive symptoms-and to investigate the effect of social support on suicide risk within these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A complete enumeration survey was conducted among 5,138 eligible individuals, with 4,680 completing structured, face-to-face interviews. Standardized instruments were used: PC-PTSD-5 for PTSD symptoms, SGDS-K for depression, MINI-Plus for suicide risk, and MOS-SSS for social support. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed associations between social support and suicide risk across psychiatric groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the participants, 7.8% had PTSD symptoms, 40.4% had depressive symptoms, and 5.8% had comorbid symptoms. Overall, 10.2% reported suicide risk, with the highest rate in the comorbid group (29.5%), followed by the depressive (17.1%) and PTSD (12.8%) groups. Social support significantly decreased suicide risk in the healthy (OR = 0.976), depressive (OR = 0.980), and comorbid groups (OR = 0.979), but not in the PTSD group (OR = 0.957, <i>p</i> = 0.179).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings highlight the importance of developing tailored social support interventions that consider the psychiatric profiles of elderly individuals, especially those living alone and exposed to community-wide historical trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 2","pages":"297-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular Senescence of Patient-derived Fibroblasts Reveals the Mid-old Stage as a Critical Window for Transcriptomic Signatures Linked to Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers and Classification.","authors":"Young Joon Cho, Sunwoo Yoon, Yeojin Kim, Ho Min Song, You Jin Nam, Sang Hyuk Lee, Sehee Lee, Donghyuk Shin, Sun Min Lee, So Young Moon, Eun-Joo Kim, Soo Hyun Cho, Byeong C Kim, Seong Hye Choi, Sang Won Seo, Jin Cheol Kim, Young Joon Park, Hee Young Kang, Sang-Rae Lee, Sunhwa Hong, Sang Joon Son, Chang Hyung Hong, Hyun Woong Roh","doi":"10.9758/cpn.25.1360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is strongly associated with aging, yet the interactions remain unclear. This study modeled replicative senescence in patient-derived fibroblasts to compare gene expression between AD dementia and controls across senescence stages and to evaluate whether stage-specific alterations reflect disease characteristics with diagnostic implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dermal fibroblasts from 13 AD dementia patients and 13 healthy controls were repeatedly passaged to induce replicative senescence and classified into young (passage 7), mid-old (passage 18), and old stages (passage 25-28). Transcriptomic profiling was performed by RNA sequencing, followed by stepwise gene extraction, machine learning-based classification, and correlation analyses with AD biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fibroblasts were successfully driven into replicative senescence, validated by SA-β-gal staining, increased expression of CDKN1A and CDKN2A, and transcriptomic age acceleration. From transcriptome data, 605 senescence-associated genes were identified, enriched in extracellular matrix remodeling, chromatin organization, and immune-related pathways. Machine learning classifiers trained on these genes achieved the highest accuracy at the mid-old stage above 0.9, markedly outperforming the young and old stages. In addition, among the most consistently selected mid-old genes, H2AC18, H1-2, and LTBP1 showed significant correlations with cortical amyloid burden and plasma pTau217, linking cellular transcriptomic changes to established AD biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, replicative senescence models of patient-derived fibroblasts revealed that transcriptomic differences between AD dementia and controls peak at the mid-old stage. This transitional window represents the most informative point for capturing disease-related alterations with strong biomarker relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 2","pages":"353-367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Kynurenine Pathway Metabolism in Drug-naive Children and Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder.","authors":"Kübranur Ünal, Yasemin Taş Torun, Mehmet Emre Erol, Zeynep Kübra Kurt, Cansu Özbaş","doi":"10.9758/cpn.25.1351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9758/cpn.25.1351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is among the most common psychiatric conditions in children and adolescents. Although its aetiology remains unclear, emerging evidence highlights the role of immune-metabolic pathways in its development. This study aimed to investigate alterations in the kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites in drug-naive paediatric patients with GAD compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-six drug-naive children with GAD and thirty-two age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Serum levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN) were measured using ELISA. Enzymatic activity indices, including KYN/TRP (IDO/TDO), KYNA/KYN (KAT), and QUIN/KYN (KMO), were calculated. Group differences and correlations with clinical anxiety scores were analysed. Additionally, ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of TRP levels in predicting GAD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TRP levels were significantly elevated in the GAD group (median: 62.8 μmol/L) compared to controls (42.9 μmol/L, <i>p</i> < 0.001), while KYN (54.5 vs. 66.8 nmol/L, <i>p</i> = 0.042) and QUIN (9.9 vs. 11.9 μmol/L, <i>p</i> = 0.004) levels were reduced. The KYN/TRP ratio was positively correlated with RCADS-CV total anxiety scores (r = 0.430, <i>p</i> = 0.028). ROC analysis indicated that TRP had good diagnostic performance for GAD, with an AUC of 0.824, sensitivity of 73%, and specificity of 78%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that disrupted tryptophan metabolism, characterized by reduced KP activation and altered neurotoxic metabolite levels, may contribute to the pathophysiology of paediatric GAD. The KP may represent a promising target for future biomarker and therapeutic research in anxiety disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 2","pages":"333-343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147764750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welcoming 2026: Broadening Clinical Perspectives.","authors":"Chi-Un Pae","doi":"10.9758/cpn.26.001","DOIUrl":"10.9758/cpn.26.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10420,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12854116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}