Medical Entomology and Zoology最新文献_第10页

Characteristics and application of tick cell lines 蜱虫细胞系的特点及应用

Medical Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2019-12-25 DOI: 10.7601/mez.70.175

R. Nakao

引用次数: 1

The human immune response in tick bites 蜱虫叮咬后的人体免疫反应

Medical Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.7601/mez.70.141

H. Hashizume

{"title":"The human immune response in tick bites","authors":"H. Hashizume","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.141","url":null,"abstract":"静岡県は茶所である.お茶畑に囲まれる前赴任地の市立島田市民病院では,2013年からマダニ刺咬症患者が急増し, その殆どは茶業農家であった.茶畑にマダニが生息しており,新茶の刈り入れ時期である4‒5月は,マダニ繁殖期と重なり,患者が集中する.さらに,他の報告と同様,最近居住区域において出没するニホンシカやイノシシを介したマダニ刺咬症患者も増えている.本症は,SFTSを含む幾つかの重要な疾病発症との関与が知られており,医療者への知識修得と続発疾患の予防対策が課題である.最近マダニ刺咬症に関連して,糖鎖のgalactose-a-1,3-galactose carbohydrate(alphagal)に対する IgE抗体を介する獣肉アレルギーの発症が注目されている(Commins 2016; Fischer et al., 2016; Saleh et al., 2012).本症は,マダニ刺咬症後に発症する獣肉(牛,豚, 羊など)アレルギーと薬剤アレルギー(セツキシマブやゼラチン含有コロイド)を特徴とし,alpha-gal syndromeという名称で呼ばれている.我々の施設の調査では,マダニ刺咬症患者から採取したマダニ38頭のうち86.8%がタカサゴキララマダニであった(Hashizume et al., 2018).そのうち抗alphagal IgE抗体を有していたものは,すべてタカサゴキララマダニに刺されていたことが判明した(Hashizume et al., 2018). Chinuki et al., (2016)らは,フトケチマダニの唾液中にalphagalの存在を証明したが,本邦のalpha-gal syndrome発症には, タカサゴキララマダニも関与することが強く示唆された. alpha-galは,ヒトなどの霊長類を除くすべての哺乳類に存在する糖鎖である.ヒトにおいては,消化管に存在する細菌に対して抗alpha-gal IgG自然抗体が産生され,細菌感染防御に重要な役割を演じると考えられている(Galili et al., 1987) が,時にマダニ刺咬症後では,IgE産生へのクラススイッチが起こることがある.その詳細はこれまで明らかでない.マウス実験では,初回刺咬では局所に好塩基球の浸潤は殆どみられないのに対し,2回目の刺咬では顕著な浸潤がみられる (Wada et al., 2010).活性化好塩基球から放出されるヒスタミンは,マダニに対する忌避物質として作用する(Tabakawa et al., 2018).一方,好塩基球は樹状細胞のMHC-ダニ抗原複合体をもぎ取って(trogocytosis)ナイーブT細胞に対する抗原提示機能を有し,Th2細胞分化を誘導する(Karasuyama et al., 2018).総合すると,好塩基球の局所浸潤によってマダニ特異的 IgEが産生されると同時に,IgEのクロスリンクにより活性化した好塩基球由来のヒスタミンがマダニ刺咬を阻害しすることによって,免疫を獲得する.では,ヒトにおいても同様な機構が働いているのだろうか.我々は,様々な刺咬歴のマダニ刺咬症患者において,血清抗alpha-gal IgE抗体レベルとマダニ刺咬部の浸潤細胞を調べることによって,ヒトのマダニ刺咬症おける免疫応答を調べた.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127227537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The movement and dispersal of Aedes albopictus emerging at a cemetery to surrounding vegetation areas 白纹伊蚊在墓地出现时向周围植被区移动和扩散

Medical Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.7601/mez.70.159

Y. Maekawa, Y. Tsuda, T. Yamauchi, M. Igarashi, Tohru Kazuma, Yuzo Satou, Ryuichi Kanayama, K. Sawabe

{"title":"The movement and dispersal of Aedes albopictus emerging at a cemetery to surrounding vegetation areas","authors":"Y. Maekawa, Y. Tsuda, T. Yamauchi, M. Igarashi, Tohru Kazuma, Yuzo Satou, Ryuichi Kanayama, K. Sawabe","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.159","url":null,"abstract":"Cemeteries are suitable habitats for Aedes albopictus. The dispersal of adults emerging at a cemetery was studied by a mark-release-recapture experiment during the period July 11‒15, 2016 in Okayama, Japan. Larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus were collected from artificial containers found in the cemetery, reared to the adult stage, and used for the experiment. A total of 818 females and 810 males were sprayed with a 0.5% solution of Rhodamine B and released from a release site in a vegetation area surrounding the cemetery. Recapture of released Ae. albopictus was conducted for 4 days, by human-bait sweep net collection, at 21 collection sites located in vegetation areas. The recapture rate of females and males was 19.2% and 4.3%, respectively. The longest distance travelled by female and male mosquitoes observed 1 day post release was 99 m and 231 m, respectively. The coefficient of determination indicated that the variation in the number of recaptured females among collection sites was explained 58 and 63% by the distance from release site. The flight range of Ae. albopictus was considered to be 100 to 300 m in the urban area with vegetation.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127680333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The effect of deer exclusion on tick abundance in Japan: the verification based on field experiment for controlling deer density 除鹿对日本蜱虫丰度的影响:基于鹿密度控制的野外试验验证

Medical Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.7601/mez.70.153

Hiroyuki Matsuyama, N. Agetsuma, A. Okada, Maki Suzuki

{"title":"The effect of deer exclusion on tick abundance in Japan: the verification based on field experiment for controlling deer density","authors":"Hiroyuki Matsuyama, N. Agetsuma, A. Okada, Maki Suzuki","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.153","url":null,"abstract":"Instalment of deer fences around agricultural fields may, as a side benefit, reduce the risk of tick-borne diseases in humans. We examined tick (Haemaphysalis) density on the ground after two years of exclusion using three separate deer fences. Deer density in an exclosure (EX) had been kept as zero for 14 years, deer density in an enclosure (HD) had been kept constantly stocked for 14 years with around 20 deer km−2, and the second enclosure (OD) had been stocked for 11 years with around 20 deer km−2, after which time the deer were excluded for two years. Tick densities inside the three fences were monitored for two years after two years of deer exclusion from OD. In the first year, tick density in OD was as high as that in HD, and was significantly higher than that in EX. In the second year, however, tick density in OD decreased to a similar level to that in EX. These results suggest that tick density in the environment decreases after three years of exclusion. Our findings support the effectiveness of culling and fencing of deer with the aim of preventing the risk of tick-borne diseases.","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":"3588 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127523527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Basic studies on tick oogenesis for elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying transovarial transmission of protozoan parasites in hard ticks 蜱卵发生的基础研究，以阐明原生动物寄生虫在硬蜱中经卵巢传播的分子机制

Medical Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.7601/mez.70.137

R. Umemiya-Shirafuji

引用次数: 0

A study of blood feeding behavior and malaria parasite infection in anopheline mosquitoes 按蚊吸血行为与疟原虫感染的研究

Medical Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.7601/mez.70.145

D. Yamamoto

{"title":"A study of blood feeding behavior and malaria parasite infection in anopheline mosquitoes","authors":"D. Yamamoto","doi":"10.7601/mez.70.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7601/mez.70.145","url":null,"abstract":"ハマダラカはマラリアを媒介する衛生害虫であり,病原体であるマラリア原虫の媒介に不可欠な蚊の吸血行動やその後の血液消化,マラリア原虫感染などのメカニズムの解析は, ベクター対策及びマラリア対策にとって重要である.蚊は吸血する際に,まず皮下の抹消血管を探り当てるプロービング行動を行い,血管を感知した後,血管に口針を挿入し吸血を行う.蚊の唾液には血小板凝集阻害因子,血液凝固阻害因子のような抗止血作用を持つ物質や,血管拡張作用物質,抗炎症作用物質などが含まれており,吸血時に唾液を分泌することで効率を高めている.また,蚊を含む吸血昆虫の唾液には,宿主免疫などに影響を及ぼすことで病原体の感染に関与することを示唆する例も報告されている.ハマダラカにおいても唾液腺及び唾液の研究が進められているが,蚊と宿主の両方での実際の唾液の機能についてはまだ不明瞭な点が多い.また,蚊における吸血は,卵巣発育のために雌のみが行う現象であり,吸血や血液消化,病原体感染に関わる唾液腺や中腸などの組織では,遺伝子の発現が性とリンクしているものもあると考えられる.このため,蚊において,性決定カスケードの下流で,吸血や病原体感染などに関わる分子がどのような制御を受けているかは興味深い問題である.我々はハマダラカにおいて,分子生物学的手法に加えて遺伝子組換えやゲノム編集などの遺伝子操作技術も利用して吸血,生殖,病原体媒介などのメカニズムの解明を進めている. 我々はハマダラカにおいて,吸血や病原体媒介時における唾液の機能を個体レベルで解析することを目的に,雌の唾液腺の破壊を行なった(Yamamoto et al., 2016).破壊する方法として,唾液腺特異的に細胞死を誘導する手法を用いた. 細胞死を誘導するエフェクターとして用いたのはマウスの Bax(B-cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2-associated X gene)遺伝子である.Baxタンパク質は哺乳類においてBcl-2ファミリーに属する.Baxタンパク質はミトコンドリア外膜上で重合し,ポア(孔)を形成することでアポトーシスを誘導する機能があることが知られている.昆虫において,カイコガBombyx moriやキイロショウジョウバエDrosophila melanogasterでマウスのBax遺伝子(mBax)を人為的に発現させると,発現した細胞で細胞死を誘導できることが知られている(Sumitani et al., 2015).我々はmBaxをハマダラカの雌唾液腺特異的に機能するプロモーターと組み合わせて,ステフェンスハマダラカ(Anopheles stephensi)のゲノムに組み込んだ遺伝子組換え系統(AAPP-mBax系統)を作出した(図1).この系統の雌は羽化後1日からすでに唾液腺の lobe(葉)が潰れてお","PeriodicalId":104111,"journal":{"name":"Medical Entomology and Zoology","volume":" 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120834102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three cases of tick infestation (Amblyomma testudinarium) on grazing cattle in Aomori Prefecture, the northern part of Honshu, Japan 日本本州北部青森县放牧牛中蜱虫感染3例

Medical Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.7601/mez.70.167

Y. Terada, Takumi Takahashi, T. Abe, Y. Moriyama

引用次数: 4

Bioactivity of sand fly saliva 沙蝇唾液的生物活性

Medical Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.7601/mez.70.133

H. Kato

引用次数: 0

Aim of symposium 研讨会目的

Medical Entomology and Zoology Pub Date : 2019-09-25 DOI: 10.7601/mez.70.131

K. Maeda