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[Basis of intravital bone imaging.] [活体骨成像的基础]
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa1802175179
Junichi Kikuta, Masaru Ishii
{"title":"[Basis of intravital bone imaging.]","authors":"Junichi Kikuta,&nbsp;Masaru Ishii","doi":"CliCa1802175179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1802175179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In bone tissues, there are various kinds of cell types, such as osteoclasts, osteoblasts, monocytes, granulocyte, lymphocytes, mesenchymal cells and hematopoietic stem cells. They form a network with each other, and play critical roles in our life activities. The recent development of intravital two-photon imaging has enabled us to visualize the in vivo behavior of bone marrow cells in living bone tissues. This technique facilitates investigation of cellular dynamics in the physiology and pathogenesis of bone disorders in vivo, and would thus be useful for evaluating the efficacy of novel drugs. In this review, we summarize the basis of intravital bone imaging, and also discuss its further application.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 2","pages":"175-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35767318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Development of methodology for living bone imaging.] [活体骨成像方法的发展]
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa1802181185
Hiroki Mizuno, Masaru Ishii
{"title":"[Development of methodology for living bone imaging.]","authors":"Hiroki Mizuno,&nbsp;Masaru Ishii","doi":"CliCa1802181185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1802181185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone tissue consist of a wide variety of cells such as osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes which are involved in bone metabolism, hematopoietic cells which can differentiate and mature in the bone marrow, other mesenchymal cells and nerve cells. Recent advances in \"fluorescent imaging technology\" have made it possible to observe bone tissue alive. And intravital imaging enable us not only to examine the \"morphology\" but also to analyze the \"dynamics\" of the cells. We have improved \"two-photon microscope\" which can observe deep tissue with minimally invasive manner and have established an imaging method to observe the movement of cells in living bone tissue in real time. In this review, we summarize the methodology of intravital imaging, such as the principle of two-photon excitation microscope, method of in vivo imaging of bone, and analysis of acquired imaging data.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 2","pages":"181-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35767319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Development of fluorescent probes for bone imaging in vivo ~Fluorescent probes for intravital imaging of osteoclast activity~.] 体内骨成像荧光探针的发展~破骨细胞活性荧光探针的活体成像研究~。
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa1802187191
Masafumi Minoshima, Kazuya Kikuchi
{"title":"[Development of fluorescent probes for bone imaging in vivo ~Fluorescent probes for intravital imaging of osteoclast activity~.]","authors":"Masafumi Minoshima,&nbsp;Kazuya Kikuchi","doi":"CliCa1802187191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1802187191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescent molecules are widely used as a tool to directly visualize target biomolecules in vivo. Fluorescent probes have the advantage that desired function can be rendered based on rational design. For bone-imaging fluorescent probes in vivo, they should be delivered to bone tissue upon administration. Recently, a fluorescent probe for detecting osteoclast activity was developed. The fluorescent probe has acid-sensitive fluorescence property, specific delivery to bone tissue, and durability against laser irradiation, which enabled real-time intravital imaging of bone-resorbing osteoclasts for a long period of time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 2","pages":"187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35767320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis:toward the best practice. The best practice for TNF inhibitors.] 类风湿关节炎的诊断与治疗:走向最佳实践。TNF抑制剂的最佳实践。
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa1805655660
Hideto Kameda
{"title":"[Diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis:toward the best practice. The best practice for TNF inhibitors.]","authors":"Hideto Kameda","doi":"CliCa1805655660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1805655660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As of February 2018, 5 originator TNF inhibitors(infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab and certolizumab pegol)and biosimilar agents of infliximab and etanercept are available for rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in Japan. The effectiveness of TNF inhibitors considerably improves with concomitant methotrexate regardless of their immunogenicity. The Japan College of Rheumatology guideline for TNF inhibitor use in RA has been updated in March 2017 according to recent evidences. During the remission induction phase, maintenance of drug trough level above effective blood concentration is paramount, while the tapering and withdrawal of TNF inhibitors may be considered after achieving sustained remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 5","pages":"655-660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36076607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Cartilage/chondrocyte research and osteoarthritis. Current concept and future perspective for diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.] 软骨/软骨细胞研究和骨关节炎。膝关节骨性关节炎诊断与治疗的现状与展望[j]。
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa1806749759
Muneaki Ishijima, Haruka Kaneko, Yasunori Okada, Kazuo Kaneko
{"title":"[Cartilage/chondrocyte research and osteoarthritis. Current concept and future perspective for diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.]","authors":"Muneaki Ishijima,&nbsp;Haruka Kaneko,&nbsp;Yasunori Okada,&nbsp;Kazuo Kaneko","doi":"CliCa1806749759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1806749759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis(OA)of the knee is a joint disease that is primarily affected by articular cartilage and also affected by subchondral bone and meniscus, leading to walking pain and impairing moving ability and as a result, disability. Knee OA is diagnosed by plain radiograph, however, it is not sensitive enough to detect the association between the pathophysiology and symptom of the disease. Treatment target of knee OA is to improve symptom, mainly pain. A conservative treatment is the principle of knee OA treatment, in which the combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment is primarily recommended. When the conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment could be selected. It is estimated that there are 25 million people with radiographic knee OA in Japan. Recent researches using MRI and biomarkers, in addition to radiograph, have been revealed the precise mechanisms of pathophysiology of knee OA. Recently, it has been suggested that the pathophysiologies associated with pain in knee OA are altered depending upon the severity of disease. It has been expected that the pathophysiology of early stage knee OA will also be clarified.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 6","pages":"749-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36176652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Body weight and bone/calcium metabolism. FSH and obesity, osteoporosis.] 体重和骨/钙代谢。促卵泡刺激素与肥胖，骨质疏松
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa1807941945
Itsuro Endo
{"title":"[Body weight and bone/calcium metabolism. FSH and obesity, osteoporosis.]","authors":"Itsuro Endo","doi":"CliCa1807941945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1807941945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that the rise of FSH is a hallmark of menopause associated with osteoporosis and visceral adiposity. Recent days, Zahidi's group reported that blocking FSH signals prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice by inhibiting bone resorption and stimulating bone synthesis. The same research group also showed that blocking FSH action reduces body fat volume by promoting beige fat thermogenesis. These findings open new doors for novel and complementary treatments addressing post-menopausal osteoporosis and metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 7","pages":"941-945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36263252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Body weight and bone/calcium metabolism. Glucose-lowering agents and fracture risk.] 体重和骨/钙代谢。降糖剂与骨折风险的关系[j]
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa1807863971
Reiko Watanabe, Daisuke Inoue
{"title":"[Body weight and bone/calcium metabolism. Glucose-lowering agents and fracture risk.]","authors":"Reiko Watanabe,&nbsp;Daisuke Inoue","doi":"CliCa1807863971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1807863971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is associated with increased fracture risk, involving a variety of factors. Besides poor glycemic control itself, some glucose-lowering agents are also associated with increased fracture risk. Thiazolidinediones increase fracture risk probably through inhibition of bone formation as well as increased resorption leading to decreased BMD. Sodium-glucose cotransporter(SGLT)-2 inhibitors have been reported to decrease BMD and increase fracture risk. However, the class effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on bone metabolism remains to be established. In diabetic patients, especially in those with high fracture risk such as postmenopausal women, careful selection of glucose-lowering agents as well as appropriate and timely intervention for osteoporosis is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 7","pages":"863-971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36263254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Joint disease and energy metabolism.] [关节疾病和能量代谢]
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa18013137
Jun Hirose
{"title":"[Joint disease and energy metabolism.]","authors":"Jun Hirose","doi":"CliCa18013137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa18013137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, it has been found that systemic metabolic disorders are associated with the onset and progression of various joint diseases. Although osteoarthritis(OA)is mainly a degradative condition of the articular cartilage induced by mechanical stress, there is a growing body of data demonstrating the involvement of metabolic factors including fat metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that adipokines including adiponectin and leptin are associated with inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. A better understanding of these relationships may lead to new strategies to treat or prevent joint disease such as OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 1","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35689710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Fragility Fractures in Hemodialysis Patients. Calcimimetics and fracture in hemodialysis patients.] 血液透析患者脆性骨折。血液透析患者的钙化剂与骨折。
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa180811071112
Shunsuke Goto
{"title":"[Fragility Fractures in Hemodialysis Patients. Calcimimetics and fracture in hemodialysis patients.]","authors":"Shunsuke Goto","doi":"CliCa180811071112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa180811071112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcimimetics are widely used for severe secondary hyperparathyroidism in hemodialysis patients. Two clinical studies showed that cinacalcet, one of calcimimetics, has possibility to reduce the risk of fracture in hemodialysis patients. Although the mechanism in which calcimimetics reduce the risk of fracture in hemodialysis patients remains unclear, improvement of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism may cause the reduction of fracture risk. However, the optimal intact PTH levels for reducing the risk of fracture in hemodialysis patients is not known. In addition, since calcium-sensing receptor also exists in bone, calcimimetics may have direct effects on bone.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 8","pages":"1107-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36345562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Bone and calcium metabolism associated with malignancy. Bone and calcium metabolism associated with malignancy.] 与恶性肿瘤相关的骨和钙代谢。与恶性肿瘤相关的骨和钙代谢。
Clinical calcium Pub Date : 2018-01-01 DOI: CliCa181114311440
Takashi Ishikawa
{"title":"[Bone and calcium metabolism associated with malignancy. Bone and calcium metabolism associated with malignancy.]","authors":"Takashi Ishikawa","doi":"CliCa181114311440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa181114311440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The bones are the most common organ where estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer tends to metastasize. Thus, it is important to treat and prevent bone metastases by studying pathogenesis of developing metastasis to the bones. As advancing treatments have significantly improved the quality of life in patients with bone metastases of breast cancer. Among them, bone-modifying agents have been playing the most crucial roles by reducing the rate of skeletal related events and also having a possibility of favorable effects on prognosis. Zoledronic-acid and denosumab are currently available and denosmab seems to be superior to zoledronic-acid in inhibiting osteoclastic activity. Although both of these are safe drugs, several rare but serious adverse events need to be cautious like osteonecrosis of the jaw, hypocalcemia, renal dysfunction and atypical fracture.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 11","pages":"1431-1440"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36673413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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