{"title":"[Basis of intravital bone imaging.]","authors":"Junichi Kikuta, Masaru Ishii","doi":"CliCa1802175179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1802175179","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In bone tissues, there are various kinds of cell types, such as osteoclasts, osteoblasts, monocytes, granulocyte, lymphocytes, mesenchymal cells and hematopoietic stem cells. They form a network with each other, and play critical roles in our life activities. The recent development of intravital two-photon imaging has enabled us to visualize the in vivo behavior of bone marrow cells in living bone tissues. This technique facilitates investigation of cellular dynamics in the physiology and pathogenesis of bone disorders in vivo, and would thus be useful for evaluating the efficacy of novel drugs. In this review, we summarize the basis of intravital bone imaging, and also discuss its further application.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 2","pages":"175-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35767318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Development of methodology for living bone imaging.]","authors":"Hiroki Mizuno, Masaru Ishii","doi":"CliCa1802181185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1802181185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone tissue consist of a wide variety of cells such as osteoclasts, osteoblasts and osteocytes which are involved in bone metabolism, hematopoietic cells which can differentiate and mature in the bone marrow, other mesenchymal cells and nerve cells. Recent advances in \"fluorescent imaging technology\" have made it possible to observe bone tissue alive. And intravital imaging enable us not only to examine the \"morphology\" but also to analyze the \"dynamics\" of the cells. We have improved \"two-photon microscope\" which can observe deep tissue with minimally invasive manner and have established an imaging method to observe the movement of cells in living bone tissue in real time. In this review, we summarize the methodology of intravital imaging, such as the principle of two-photon excitation microscope, method of in vivo imaging of bone, and analysis of acquired imaging data.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 2","pages":"181-185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35767319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Development of fluorescent probes for bone imaging in vivo ~Fluorescent probes for intravital imaging of osteoclast activity~.]","authors":"Masafumi Minoshima, Kazuya Kikuchi","doi":"CliCa1802187191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1802187191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluorescent molecules are widely used as a tool to directly visualize target biomolecules in vivo. Fluorescent probes have the advantage that desired function can be rendered based on rational design. For bone-imaging fluorescent probes in vivo, they should be delivered to bone tissue upon administration. Recently, a fluorescent probe for detecting osteoclast activity was developed. The fluorescent probe has acid-sensitive fluorescence property, specific delivery to bone tissue, and durability against laser irradiation, which enabled real-time intravital imaging of bone-resorbing osteoclasts for a long period of time.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 2","pages":"187-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35767320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis:toward the best practice. The best practice for TNF inhibitors.]","authors":"Hideto Kameda","doi":"CliCa1805655660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1805655660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As of February 2018, 5 originator TNF inhibitors(infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab and certolizumab pegol)and biosimilar agents of infliximab and etanercept are available for rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in Japan. The effectiveness of TNF inhibitors considerably improves with concomitant methotrexate regardless of their immunogenicity. The Japan College of Rheumatology guideline for TNF inhibitor use in RA has been updated in March 2017 according to recent evidences. During the remission induction phase, maintenance of drug trough level above effective blood concentration is paramount, while the tapering and withdrawal of TNF inhibitors may be considered after achieving sustained remission.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 5","pages":"655-660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36076607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Cartilage/chondrocyte research and osteoarthritis. Current concept and future perspective for diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee.]","authors":"Muneaki Ishijima, Haruka Kaneko, Yasunori Okada, Kazuo Kaneko","doi":"CliCa1806749759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1806749759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis(OA)of the knee is a joint disease that is primarily affected by articular cartilage and also affected by subchondral bone and meniscus, leading to walking pain and impairing moving ability and as a result, disability. Knee OA is diagnosed by plain radiograph, however, it is not sensitive enough to detect the association between the pathophysiology and symptom of the disease. Treatment target of knee OA is to improve symptom, mainly pain. A conservative treatment is the principle of knee OA treatment, in which the combination of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment is primarily recommended. When the conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical treatment could be selected. It is estimated that there are 25 million people with radiographic knee OA in Japan. Recent researches using MRI and biomarkers, in addition to radiograph, have been revealed the precise mechanisms of pathophysiology of knee OA. Recently, it has been suggested that the pathophysiologies associated with pain in knee OA are altered depending upon the severity of disease. It has been expected that the pathophysiology of early stage knee OA will also be clarified.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 6","pages":"749-759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36176652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Body weight and bone/calcium metabolism. FSH and obesity, osteoporosis.]","authors":"Itsuro Endo","doi":"CliCa1807941945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1807941945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is well known that the rise of FSH is a hallmark of menopause associated with osteoporosis and visceral adiposity. Recent days, Zahidi's group reported that blocking FSH signals prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice by inhibiting bone resorption and stimulating bone synthesis. The same research group also showed that blocking FSH action reduces body fat volume by promoting beige fat thermogenesis. These findings open new doors for novel and complementary treatments addressing post-menopausal osteoporosis and metabolic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 7","pages":"941-945"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36263252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Body weight and bone/calcium metabolism. Glucose-lowering agents and fracture risk.]","authors":"Reiko Watanabe, Daisuke Inoue","doi":"CliCa1807863971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1807863971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes is associated with increased fracture risk, involving a variety of factors. Besides poor glycemic control itself, some glucose-lowering agents are also associated with increased fracture risk. Thiazolidinediones increase fracture risk probably through inhibition of bone formation as well as increased resorption leading to decreased BMD. Sodium-glucose cotransporter(SGLT)-2 inhibitors have been reported to decrease BMD and increase fracture risk. However, the class effect of SGLT-2 inhibitors on bone metabolism remains to be established. In diabetic patients, especially in those with high fracture risk such as postmenopausal women, careful selection of glucose-lowering agents as well as appropriate and timely intervention for osteoporosis is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 7","pages":"863-971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36263254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Rickets/Osteomalacia. Determination of vitamin D metabolites.]","authors":"Naoko Tsugawa","doi":"CliCa181013271334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa181013271334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vitamin D are taken from sunlight exposure and foods, such as oil rich fish. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is most appropriate marker to assess nutritional vitamin D status. On the other hand, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is a clinical marker of disorders in calcium metabolism. To detect vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, high-throughput and high-sensitive automated measurement system of 25OHD has been developed, and added in health insurance listing. Several methods of 25OHD concentration measurement have been developed based on biochemical or physicochemical such as LC-MS/MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 10","pages":"1327-1334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36537410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Joint disease and energy metabolism.]","authors":"Jun Hirose","doi":"CliCa18013137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa18013137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, it has been found that systemic metabolic disorders are associated with the onset and progression of various joint diseases. Although osteoarthritis(OA)is mainly a degradative condition of the articular cartilage induced by mechanical stress, there is a growing body of data demonstrating the involvement of metabolic factors including fat metabolism. Recent studies have revealed that adipokines including adiponectin and leptin are associated with inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. A better understanding of these relationships may lead to new strategies to treat or prevent joint disease such as OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 1","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35689710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Quantitative data analysis for live imaging of bone.]","authors":"Shigeto Seno","doi":"CliCa1802193200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/CliCa1802193200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone tissue is a hard tissue, it was difficult to observe the interior of the bone tissue alive. With the progress of microscopic technology and fluorescent probe technology in recent years, it becomes possible to observe various activities of various cells forming bone society. On the other hand, the quantitative increase in data and the diversification and complexity of the images makes it difficult to perform quantitative analysis by visual inspection. It has been expected to develop a methodology for processing microscopic images and data analysis. In this article, we introduce the research field of bioimage informatics which is the boundary area of biology and information science, and then outline the basic image processing technology for quantitative analysis of live imaging data of bone.</p>","PeriodicalId":10389,"journal":{"name":"Clinical calcium","volume":"28 2","pages":"193-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35767324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}