{"title":"Peroral cholangioscopy: past, present and future.","authors":"Yuki Tanisaka, Robert Hawes","doi":"10.5946/ce.2024.306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the gold standard for the evaluation of biliary strictures and the management of bile duct stones. However, standard ERCP techniques sometimes fail for both indications. In such situations, peroral cholangioscopy (POCS), which allows direct visualization of the bile duct, can play a significant role in diagnosis and treatment. Direct visualization using POCS can help differentiate between malignant and benign conditions and is more accurate in defining the extent of cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, POCS enables visually guided biopsies. Certain types of difficult bile duct stones, such as impacted and intrahepatic stones, require POCS for visually guided lithotripsy. Recent advancements in POCS will broaden its applicability and improve its diagnostic utility. In this review, we provide perspectives on the past, present, and future of POCS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spyros Peppas, Advait Suvarnakar, Bara A Abujaber, Nadera Altork, Amer Arman, Sayel Alzraikat, Akram I Ahmad, Camille Boustani, Won Kyoo Cho
{"title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage versus endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography biliary drainage in the palliative management of malignant distal biliary obstruction: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Spyros Peppas, Advait Suvarnakar, Bara A Abujaber, Nadera Altork, Amer Arman, Sayel Alzraikat, Akram I Ahmad, Camille Boustani, Won Kyoo Cho","doi":"10.5946/ce.2024.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Evidence suggests comparable outcomes between endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the biliary drainage of malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO). We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the EUS with ERCP in the management of MDBO.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a literature search using the Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases, including randomized controlled trials comparing EUS and ERCP in patients with MDBO. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model using the STATA ver. 17.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both procedures were comparable in technical (risk ratio [RR], 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-1.30) and clinical (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.85-1.41) success. No difference was identified in total adverse events (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.42-1.35), acute cholangitis (RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.43-1.62), stent patency (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.87-1.46) and mean stent patency time (mean difference, -0.01; 95% CI: -0.21 to 0.19). ERCP was associated with a higher risk of procedure-related pancreatitis (RR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.04-0.68) and statistically non-significant higher risk for reintervention (RR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37-1.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although EUS and ERCP were comparable in terms of efficacy and safety, ERCP was associated with a higher risk of procedure-related pancreatitis and reintervention, with the latter finding not reaching statistical significance.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Role of fully covered metal stents in the management of chronic pancreatitis.","authors":"Younghun Jeon, Hoonsub So, Sung Jo Bang","doi":"10.5946/ce.2024.349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic pancreatitis (CP), a progressive inflammatory disease that results in irreversible pancreatic damage, is often complicated by ductal strictures and debilitating pain. Fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) have emerged as significant innovations in the endoscopic management of refractory pancreatic duct strictures. This review synthesizes recent evidence highlighting the benefits and limitations of FCSEMS, such as superior patency, reduced need for reinterventions, and effective symptom relief compared to traditional plastic stents, alongside risks, such as stent migration and de novo strictures. A comparison with plastic stents and an algorithm for pancreatic duct stricture management are provided. Regional variations in clinical guidelines from the United States, Europe, Japan, and Korea reflect diverse approaches to integrating FCSEMS into practice. Emerging innovations in stent technology are promising for improving CP management outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Classification of image-enhanced endoscopy in colon tumors.","authors":"One-Zoong Kim","doi":"10.5946/ce.2024.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer accounts for 10% of global cancer cases in each year, making accurate evaluation and resection crucial. Imaging-enhanced endoscopy helps differentiate between hyperplastic polyps and adenomas, guiding treatment decisions. Colon tumors are classified into benign (e.g., serrated and adenomatous polyps) and malignant (e.g., adenocarcinomas). The Paris classification categorizes superficial neoplastic lesions by morphology, while laterally spreading tumors are classified by size and growth pattern. Effective classification aids in determining resectability and appropriate interventions for colon tumors, ultimately improving patient outcomes. Image-enhanced endoscopy improves colon tumor diagnosis using various techniques like dye, optical, and electronic methods. Kudo's pit pattern categorizes lesions based on surface morphology using dye, while Sano, Jikei, and Hiroshima classifications focus on vascular patterns using narrow-band imaging (NBI). The NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification integrates these methods to identify lesions, especially deep submucosal invasive cancers. The Workgroup Serrated Polyps and Polyposis (WASP) classification targets sessile serrated lesions, and the Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) classification further refines adenoma categorization with low- and high-grade adenoma. The Colorectal Neoplasia Endoscopic Classification to Choose the Treatment (CONECCT) classification consolidates multiple systems for comprehensive assessment, aiding in treatment decisions and potentially applicable to artificial intelligence for diagnostic validation across imaging modalities like linked color imaging, blue light imaging, or i-scan.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143988134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Redefining endoscopic management of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of Stretta radiofrequency therapy and antireflux mucosectomy.","authors":"Yuto Shimamura","doi":"10.5946/ce.2025.099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2025.099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ah Young Lee, Ji Woo Choi, Jeong Haeng Heo, Jun Young Chung, Seong Hwan Kim, Joo Young Cho
{"title":"The comparative study of Stretta radiofrequency and anti-reflux mucosectomy in the management of intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease: a single-center retrospective study from Korea.","authors":"Ah Young Lee, Ji Woo Choi, Jeong Haeng Heo, Jun Young Chung, Seong Hwan Kim, Joo Young Cho","doi":"10.5946/ce.2024.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5946/ce.2024.163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aims: </strong>Chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) requires symptom relief and treatment of associated conditions. In this study, we aimed to compare anti-reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) and Stretta radiofrequency (SRF) for treating patients with chronic GERD who are unresponsive to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and to identify the indications for each procedure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data of patients who underwent ARMS or SRF between March 2021 and April 2023 were analyzed. Changes in GERD questionnaire (GERDQ) scores, endoscopic Los Angeles (LA) grade, flap valve grade (FVG) based on Hill's type, EndoFLIP distensibility index (DI), endoscopic Barrett's epithelium (BE) resolution rate, and PPI withdrawal rate were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Improvements in the GERDQ scores and PPI withdrawal rates were similar between the groups. The ARMS group showed significantly better changes in endoscopic LA grade, FVG, and EndoFLIP DI than the SRF group. The complications were more prevalent in the ARMS group than in the SRF group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The change in endoscopic LA grade before and after the procedure was significantly higher in the ARMS group than in the SRF group. Significant improvements in endoscopic FVG, BE resolution, and EndoFLIP DI were observed only with the ARMS group.</p>","PeriodicalId":10351,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endoscopy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}