Clinical Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Tools to Predict Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism and Optimise Patient Selection for Adrenal Vein Sampling: A Systematic Review","authors":"Elisabeth Ng,&nbsp;Stella May Gwini,&nbsp;Winston Zheng,&nbsp;Peter J. Fuller,&nbsp;Jun Yang","doi":"10.1111/cen.15225","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15225","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Primary aldosteronism (PA), the most common endocrine cause of hypertension, is evaluated using adrenal vein sampling (AVS), to determine if aldosterone excess is bilateral or unilateral. AVS is invasive and technically challenging; it would ideally be used only in those with unilateral PA who are candidates for surgical cure. Those with bilateral PA would benefit from a direct path to medical management before AVS. Strategic patient selection for AVS would enable judicious and cost-efficient use of this procedure. This review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of published algorithms that aim to predict unilateral PA and therefore facilitate informed selection for AVS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This systematic review was performed by searching Medline and EMBASE databases to identify published models that sought to subtype PA (PROSPERO registration CRD42021277841). Algorithms reported to predict unilateral PA and therefore select patients for AVS, using AVS and/or surgical outcomes as the gold standard, were systematically evaluated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 28 studies evaluating 63 unique predictive algorithms, of which 14 were tested in multiple cohorts. These were grouped into 5 categories; those combining biochemical, radiological and demographic characteristics, those involving confirmatory testing those using biochemical results only, those involving dynamic testing, and anatomical imaging. The algorithm with the highest sensitivity for unilateral PA which has been validated in at least two cohorts, involved serum potassium, CT imaging, PAC, ARR and female sex (sensitivity 78-96%). In a hypothetical scenario of 1000 people with PA where 30% have unilateral PA, this top performing algorithm would appropriately select 234−289 people for AVS and allow 143−324 to correctly bypass AVS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate algorithms to inform selection for AVS will ensure that AVS is only performed in patients with a high probability of unilateral PA without clear evidence of the side of lateralisation. This will lower the demand for this invasive procedure, avoid unnecessary procedural complications, and reduce associated health care costs. Further validation of the top-performing algorithms in larger and diverse cohorts will support their use in routine practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"103 1","pages":"3-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cen.15225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study on Thyroid Hormone Reference Intervals in Children With Down syndrome","authors":"Ayako Konishi,&nbsp;Kimiko Ueda,&nbsp;Nobuhiko Okamoto,&nbsp;Shinobu Ida,&nbsp;Yuri Etani,&nbsp;Masanobu Kawai","doi":"10.1111/cen.15236","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in children with Down syndrome is challenging because of the lack of age-specific reference intervals in these individuals. This study aimed to establish age-specific reference intervals for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels in children with Down syndrome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on children with Down syndrome, aged 6 months to 15 years, who visited the Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital between April 2019 and March 2020. Subjects who had used medications that influenced thyroid function or who lacked thyroid hormone data were excluded from the study. The final analysis included 301 subjects. Serum TSH and FT4 levels were measured, and reference intervals were calculated using nonparametric methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reference intervals for TSH in children with Down syndrome were 2.03–14.22, 1.79–12.98, 1.26–10.24, and 0.58–10.11 mIU/L in infants, toddlers, school children, and adolescents, respectively, which were higher than those observed in the general paediatric population. The reference intervals for FT4 were 13.57–26.42, 13.20–22.70, 13.15–22.36, and 11.97–24.77 pmol/L, respectively, which were comparable to those of the general paediatric population. Multivariate regression analyses revealed a significant inverse association between age and the levels of TSH and FT4 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide evidence for age-specific reference intervals for TSH and FT4 levels in children with Down syndrome, which may help clinicians accurately evaluate thyroid hormone status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"103 1","pages":"74-81"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Series of Patients With FGFR1-Related Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma With a Focus on Biochemical, Imaging Signatures and Treatment Options","authors":"Sakshi Jhawar,&nbsp;Abhishek Jha,&nbsp;Sara Talvacchio,&nbsp;Junne Kamihara,&nbsp;Jaydira Del Rivero,&nbsp;Karel Pacak","doi":"10.1111/cen.15212","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (together PPGL) are tumours with a high degree of heritability. Genetic landscape is divided into three clusters, cluster 1 (Krebs/pseudohypoxia signalling pathway), cluster 2 (kinase signalling pathway) and cluster 3 (Wnt signalling pathway). With increasing knowledge in the field of genetics, cluster-specific tumour characteristics, biochemical phenotype and imaging signatures are established in commonly found genes. The association of <i>FGFR1</i> pathogenic mutations with PPGL have been recently described although its features are not yet well established. Here, we present four patients with PPGL who were found to have somatic <i>FGFR1</i> pathogenic mutations. We discuss their clinical presentations, biochemical phenotypes, imaging signatures and treatment options that will be relevant for practicing physicians in managing these patients effectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"102 6","pages":"626-634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cen.15212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boys Equal Girls","authors":"Tim Cheetham","doi":"10.1111/cen.15234","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15234","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;What is normal? Reference standards are a core component of endocrine practice but they come with caveats. Lying below the 2nd or above the 98th centiles—or lying below or above two standard deviations outwith the mean—does not automatically mean that there is underlying pathology. The ‘lines in the sand’ associated with biochemical reference ranges can be helpful but clinicians will be aware that normal ranges do not encompass all healthy individuals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Many physiological processes are subject to a similar yes/no classification with the paediatrician deciding whether a child is in puberty or not on the basis of the clinical assessment. The onset of puberty reflects rising gonadotropin secretion with ovarian oestrogen production and subsequent breast development being the key clinical marker of pubertal onset in girls and testicular enlargement &gt; 3mLs the key marker in boys. Breast development on average occurs before the attainment of the 4 mL ‘pubertal’ testicular volume (just over 11 years of age vs. 12 years) with the implication being that puberty begins earlier in girls than boys [&lt;span&gt;1-3&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This matters from a clinical perspective because the earlier that puberty begins in advance of normal timing, the more likely it is that there is an underlying pathological explanation for this. Irrespective of the underlying mechanism, there are effective treatments, notably GnRH analogues, that can safely put puberty on hold.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pubertal assessment of girls can be complicated by an increased body mass index and a degree of associated lipomastia and there are complicating factors in boys as well. The prepubertal testicle will vary in size between healthy individuals—a normal continuum. Hence a testicular volume of 2.5 mLs in one individual can presumably equate to the same physiological stage of development as a 1.5 mL volume in someone else. Perhaps a 3.5 mL volume (pubertal) in one child will be equivalent from a developmental perspective to a 2.5 mL volume (prepubertal) in someone else. Then there are factors such as the means of assessment—for example clinical examination or ultrasonography—that need to be taken into account. It is not uncommon for my clinical assessment to be different to that of my colleagues, an observation reinforced by more objective data collection [&lt;span&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An assessment of pubertal stage of development can be bolstered by blood tests such as baseline gonadotropins, their response to LHRH stimulation and by measuring sex steroid concentrations but the results of these investigations also form a continuum rather than neatly separating pre-pubertal from pubertal.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this issue of Clinical Endocrinology Demir and colleagues from Finland [&lt;span&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;] have investigated urinary luteinizing hormone (U-LH) gonadotropin production in a large cohort of boys and girls. The authors conclude that measuring U-LH concentrations is a useful approach to establishing whether a child is in pub","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"102 6","pages":"609-610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cen.15234","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143647284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism","authors":"Irene Tizianel,&nbsp;Alberto Madinelli,&nbsp;Filippo Crimì,&nbsp;Mattia Barbot,&nbsp;Simona Censi,&nbsp;Chiara Sabbadin,&nbsp;Filippo Ceccato","doi":"10.1111/cen.15231","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15231","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the prevalence of metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) compared to benign adrenal adenomas, and to evaluate the impact of hormonal excess in inducing MASLD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Single-centre retrospective study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatic steatosis was assessed by liver/spleen (L/S) ratio from unenhanced abdomen computed tomography images (reference value &lt; 1.1) in a cohort of 41 patients with PA without cortisol cosecretion, 20 unilateral (uPA) and 21 bilateral (BPA), 50 with nonfunctioning adrenal incidentalomas (NF-AI), 48 with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) and 10 with adrenal Cushing Syndrome (CS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hepatic steatosis was increased in patients with PA at diagnosis: L/S ratio was lower in PA than NF-AI (1.1 vs. 1.25, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and MACS (1.1 vs. 1.21, p 0.007), but was similar to adrenal CS (1.1 vs. 1.15, <i>p</i> = 0.147). A improvement in L/S ratio after medical or surgical treatment was observed in PA patients, resulting in reduced liver steatosis. MASLD prevalence was higher in PA compared to MACS (49% vs. 25%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and NF-AI (49% vs. 14%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), but similar to CS (49% vs. 45%, <i>p</i> = 0.61). uPA patients had higher MASLD prevalence compared to BPA group 71% (53%–89%) versus 25% (7%–43%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence of MASLD was increased in PA (higher in uPA than BPA) compared to MACS and NFAI, and similar to adrenal CS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"102 6","pages":"618-625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cen.15231","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Letter to Editor From Dr. Wei","authors":"Ashna Grover,&nbsp;Hamayle Saeed,&nbsp;Mary Elizabeth Patti","doi":"10.1111/cen.15230","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"102 6","pages":"742-743"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Decisionmaking in the Treatment of Hypothyroidism","authors":"Antonio C. Bianco","doi":"10.1111/cen.15228","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15228","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hypothyroidism, a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, affects millions worldwide, leading to cognitive and metabolic slowdowns. It is most prevalent in women and older adults, with causes including autoimmune thyroiditis, surgical thyroidectomy, and certain medications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Standard of Care and Limitations</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The standard treatment involves synthetic levothyroxine (LT4) monotherapy, which alleviates symptoms by converting to the active hormone, T3. However, some patients continue to experience symptoms such as fatigue, mood disturbances, and poor quality of life despite normalized TSH levels. This persistence of symptoms may stem from misdiagnosis, inadequate dosing, or incomplete normalization of thyroid hormone signaling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> New Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Research suggests that LT4 monotherapy may not fully restore T3 levels, leading to suboptimal symptom control. Consequently, combination therapy with LT4 and liothyronine (LT3) has been proposed as an alternative, aiming to balance T4 and T3 levels more effectively. Although randomized controlled trials have not identified significant differences in patient-reported outcomes between LT4 monotherapy and combination therapy, they indicate that patients may prefer the latter.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Guidelines from leading endocrinology organizations now recommend considering combination therapy for patients with persistent symptoms despite adequate LT4 dosing. A patient-centered approach, emphasizing shared decision-making and individualized treatment plans, is essential for optimizing outcomes in hypothyroidism management. Further research is needed to refine dosing strategies and identify the patients who would benefit most from combination therapy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"103 1","pages":"106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cen.15228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143613763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass: Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Future Directions—A Response to Grover et al.","authors":"Chi-Wei Ye,&nbsp;Lien-Chung Wei","doi":"10.1111/cen.15229","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15229","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a complex complication, often characterized by potentially severe hypoglycemic episodes and reduced hypoglycemia awareness. Recent findings suggest that autonomic dysfunction, preoperative hypoglycemia symptoms, and early dumping syndrome may each contribute to PBH risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To discuss critical insights from the recent study by Grover et al. regarding the clinical characteristics, prevalence, and possible contributing factors of PBH, and to propose avenues for future research, including standardized preoperative screening and targeted dietary interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Current evidence underscores a high prevalence of severe (level 3) hypoglycemia episodes among PBH patients, with notable rates of autonomic dysfunction and neuropathy. Dietary strategies (e.g., fermented wheat supplements) hold promise for mitigating PBH-related complications. Emerging data further highlight the significance of preoperative hypoglycemia symptoms and dumping syndrome as early predictors of PBH risk, emphasizing the need for improved risk stratification.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Comprehensive preoperative screening, investigation of autonomic dysfunction in glucose metabolism, and individualized dietary or pharmacological interventions may optimize PBH management. These strategies could refine patient selection, reduce hypoglycemia incidence, and improve long-term outcomes for individuals undergoing RYGB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"102 6","pages":"647-648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolactin and Adrenal Androgens During Adrenarche","authors":"German Iñiguez,&nbsp;Esteban Barnafi,&nbsp;Enzo Lalli,&nbsp;Ana Pereira,&nbsp;Pedro Ferrer,&nbsp;Verónica Mericq","doi":"10.1111/cen.15227","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15227","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Premature adrenarche (PremA), is associated with increased adiposity and in girls to earlier puberty and adverse metabolic profiles. Recently LC-MS/MS studies demonstrated adrenal production of more potent androgens: 11-oxygenated C19 steroids. Defining the mechanisms that regulate adrenal 11-oxygenated C19 steroids production has been elusive. We recently showed that genetic determinants of DHEAS during adrenarche differed from those during adulthood. One highly significant variant was at the prolactin receptor which is strongly expressed in human adrenal tissue. The aim of this study is to test whether an association exists between DHEAS/11-oxygenated C19 steroids and prolactin concentrations in pre-pubertal girls.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Two hundred and forty four prepubertal girls recruited within the ‘the Food and Environment Chilean Cohort,’ with normal birth weight (3.37 ± 0.02 Kg) were examined at 6.7 ± 0.6 years, including anthropometry and blood sampling. DHEAS and 11-oxygenated C19 steroids were measured by LC-MS/MS. Girls were categorized according to the DHEAS concentrations in normal DHEAS (ND, &lt; 75th percentile for the population) or high DHEAS (HD, ≥ 75th percentile). This definition of adrenarche subgroups allows identification of PremA independently from other factors influencing clinical manifestations (i.e ethnicity, tissue sensitivity).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;None of the girls presented clinical evidence of pubarche. At this age mean DHEAS concentration was 16.4 (9.6, −25) μg/dL and the 75th percentile set at 25.0 μg/dL. Girls with HD had higher weight (1.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.7 ± 1.1, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001), height (0.6 ± 1.0 vs. 0 ± 0.9, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and BMI (1.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.9 ± 1.1, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) SDs compared to ND. The concentrations of all 11-oxygenated C19 steroids (ng/mL) were higher in girls with HD compared to girls with ND: 11KA by 16% [0.14 (0.12, 0.16) vs. 0.12 (0.10, 0.14)], 11OHA by 43% [0.07 (0.05, 0.08) vs. 0.04 (0.03, 0.05)], 11KT by 35% [0.19(0.15, 0.25) vs. 0.14 (0.11, 0.19)] and 11OHT by 30% [0.03 (0.02, 0.05) vs. 0.03 (0.01, 0.04)]. DHEAS levels correlated with each of the 11-oxygenated C19 steroids both in the raw and in fully adjusted model. Prolactin levels [6.5 (4.4, 10.7) vs. 5.7 (4.1, 9.3)] ng/mL and insulin [7.2 (5.7, 8.7) vs. 6.8 (5.3, −9.4)] μUI/mL did not differ in HD compared to ND girls. Prolactin levels were not associated with DHEAS concentrations but significantly associated with 11KA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) even after adjustment by covariates and was close to the limit of significance in the fully adjusted model for 11OHA (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.051).&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/sec","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"103 1","pages":"66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Metabolomic Analysis of Healthy and Central Precocious Puberty Girls","authors":"Yunhui Xia,&nbsp;Lei Li,&nbsp;Dongmei Li,&nbsp;Yanmei Liu,&nbsp;Lanxiang Hao","doi":"10.1111/cen.15226","DOIUrl":"10.1111/cen.15226","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The incidence of precocious puberty (PP) has been on the rise in recent years. Based on different control mechanisms, childhood PP is divided into central precocious puberty (CPP) and peripheral precocious puberty (PPP). CPP accounts for 80% of all PP cases. Metabolomics is considered a link between genomics and phenotypes, providing a direct reflection of intricate biological traits. However, studies on serum metabolomic changes in CPP are very limited.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, non-targeted metabolomics analysis of serum from healthy controls and CPP groups was performed. Serum samples were collected from a total of 55 individuals, including 30 girls diagnosed with CPP who had not yet received treatment and did not have any other comorbidities, and 25 healthy girls serving as controls who underwent physical examinations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 1107 differential metabolites were identified, including 681 upregulated and 426 downregulated ones. The main pathway involved was citrate cycle (TCA cycle), primary bile acid biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, purine metabolism, caffeine metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, beta-alanine metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, inositol phosphate metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, propanoate metabolism, butanoate metabolism, C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism, sulphur metabolism, carbon metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 14 metabolites were identified through non-targeted metabolomics combined with four major metabolic network analyses. The above metabolites form a metabolic network that may serve as a novel marker and potential combined therapeutic target for the diagnosis of CPP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10346,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Endocrinology","volume":"102 6","pages":"664-672"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}