ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Spanish Pension System: A Brief Policy Report","authors":"Pablo de Llanos","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3918584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3918584","url":null,"abstract":"In this short policy paper, I describe the main institutional characteristics of the Spanish pension system, and I analyze its financial sustainability, adequacy and future prospects. Then, I propose a reform strategy to ensure the fi nancial sustainability of the system while minimizing the social costs of the reforms.","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132417018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Indicators That Determine the Effectiveness of the Implementation of Socio-Economic Determinants of Health in Europe and Ukraine","authors":"A. Kotvitska, A. Volkova, I. Korzh, I. Surikova","doi":"10.15587/2519-4852.2021.235787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2021.235787","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of national strategies aimed at improving the well-being of the population of the country is one of the current approaches to reforming the public policies of the countries of the world. It is the socioeconomic determinants of health that determine the conditions in which people are born, grow, live and getting old, as well as the spheres of influence on these conditions, such as public policy, state of economic development, demographic trends, etc. \u0000The aim. In this way, our research has focused on a comparative analysis of macroeconomic indicators that determine the effectiveness of socioeconomic determinants of healthсare in Europe and Ukraine, that are used to provide scientific justification for the construction of humanistic models for the provision of pharmaceutical care to the population in the context of the rapid stratification of Ukrainian society according to socioeconomic indicators. \u0000Materials and methods. The research methodology is based on the principles of systems analysis and an interdisciplinary scientific and systemic approach. The study used the empirical method, the method of comparative analysis and synthesis of statistical data, the graphical method. \u0000Results. A comparative analysis of the socioeconomic determinants of health in the countries of the European region and in Ukraine was carried out on three levels of indicators: the level of health-care expenditure, the structure of health-care expenditure and expenditure on medicines. \u0000The analysis revealed that in 2019, the average health expenditure of the countries analyzed was 8.2 % of GDP. Only two of the 34 countries - Ukraine and Turkey - have a rate below the 5 % that recommended by WHO. \u0000Public health financing schemes and compulsory health insurance are the main funding mechanisms in all countries, with the exception of Cyprus. Ukraine, Russia, Greece, Latvia and Bulgaria have the largest share of direct costs to patients as a source of health care financing. \u0000The results of the analysis of the medicine expenditure indicator as a proportion of total health expenditure showed that the highest level was in Bulgaria (35.4 %), the lowest in Denmark (6.4 %). Overall, five countries have high levels of pharmaceutical expenditures. \u0000In most European countries, the cost of purchasing medicines has been found to range from 346 to 619 USD per person per year. The highest value of this indicator from the European region is in Switzerland (894 USD per person), and the lowest is in Ukraine (73 USD). \u0000Based on the results of the comparative analysis, the countries were grouped according to key indicators into three categories - high, medium and low. \u0000Conclusions. A comparative analysis of key indicators of the socio-economic determinants of health in the country of the European region has been carried out","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121991406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19, National Responses and NGEU: Uniting a Divided Europe?","authors":"M. Ceron, C. Palermo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3758172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3758172","url":null,"abstract":"The tragedy of COVID-19 poses unprecedented challenges for European economies. The lack of effective common crisis-management mechanisms has called into question the fitness of the EU institutional architecture. Early national responses portray a divided and divergent Europe: insurmountable gaps separate fiscal responses (e.g. Germany vs. the periphery). The trends open a window of opportunity for further uniting Europe, while - unaddressed - posing an existential threat for the future of integration. Extraordinary measures (e.g. SURE and NGEU) mark a critical albeit temporary first step towards a common crisis-response fire-power. Ahead of the Conference on the Future of Europe the path towards a comprehensive (federal) fix for the EMU is perilous and uncertain while the pandemic reinforces the critical need for ambitious reforms.","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125243932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Критерии за измерване на социалната ефективност (Criteria for Measuring Social Effectiveness)","authors":"Venelin Terziev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3752370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3752370","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Bulgarian abstract:</b> Дефинирането на социалната ефективност и социалната технология е в основата на методите и моделите за оценка, вземащи предвид широкия набор от обективни и субективни фактори. Методиките за оценка на ефективността на социалните програми (проекти) са свързани с насочеността на социалната система към социална защита и социално обслужване на населението и използването на процесния подход и прехода към програмно-целеви методи, очертавайки основни проблеми, механизми за социални услуги и задачи за измерване, определяши базовите изисквания към оценката на ефективността на социалното програмиране и различните етапи. Разглеждайки всички тези въпроси, изследването предлага модел за оценка на ефективността на социалното програмиране, базиран на подхода на „организационната ефективност”, обхващащ съвкупността от определени елементи - система за придобиване на ресурси, избор на цели, оценка на въздействието на външната среда, избор на стратегия, спазвайки принципа „какво-ако” и приоритетите в социалната дейност, произтичащи от динамичните промени в социалната среда. Специален акцент се поставя на диференцирания ефект върху висшите училища, в зависимост от областта, в която осъществяват преподавателска и изследователска дейност, както и на особеностите на университетския бизнес модел в променящата се среда за развитие на висшите училища.<br><br><b>English abstract:</b> Defining social effectiveness and social technology is in the basis of the methods and the models for assessment taking into account the broad spectrum of objective and subjective factors. The assessment methods concerning the effectiveness of social programs (projects) are connected to the purpose of the social system to social protection and provision social services to population and the use of the process approach and the transition to program-target methods outlining the some main problems, mechanisms in social services and tasks of evaluation determining the base requirements towards the assessments of the effectiveness of social programming and different stages. Discussing all those issues, the study makes a proposal for a model for assessment of the effectiveness of social programming based on the approach of “organizational effectiveness” embracing the totality of certain elements - system of resources acquisition, choice of goals, assessment of the impact of outer environment, choice of a strategy, conforming to the principle “what-if” and the priorities in social activity coming from dynamic changes in social environment. Special emphasis is placed on the differentiated effect on universities, depending on the area in which they conduct teaching and research, as well as on the peculiarities of the university business model in the changing environment of the higher education schools.","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122687976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Измерване на науката като показател за нейната значимост (Measuring Science as an Indicator of Its Importance)","authors":"Venelin Terziev","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3752369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3752369","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Bulgarian abstract:</b> Дефинирането на социалната ефективност и социалната технология е в основата на методите и моделите за оценка, вземащи предвид широкия набор от обективни и субективни фактори. Методиките за оценка на ефективността на социалните програми (проекти) са свързани с насочеността на социалната система към социална защита и социално обслужване на населението и използването на процесния подход и прехода към програмно-целеви методи, очертавайки основни проблеми, механизми за социални услуги и задачи за измерване, определяши базовите изисквания към оценката на ефективността на социалното програмиране и различните етапи. Разглеждайки всички тези въпроси, изследването предлага модел за оценка на ефективността на социалното програмиране, базиран на подхода на „организационната ефективност”, обхващащ съвкупността от определени елементи - система за придобиване на ресурси, избор на цели, оценка на въздействието на външната среда, избор на стратегия, спазвайки принципа „какво-ако” и приоритетите в социалната дейност, произтичащи от динамичните промени в социалната среда. Специален акцент се поставя на диференцирания ефект върху висшите училища, в зависимост от областта, в която осъществяват преподавателска и изследователска дейност, както и на особеностите на университетския бизнес модел в променящата се среда за развитие на висшите училища.<br><br><b>English abstract:</b> Defining social effectiveness and social technology is in the basis of the methods and the models for assessment taking into account the broad spectrum of objective and subjective factors. The assessment methods concerning the effectiveness of social programs (projects) are connected to the purpose of the social system to social protection and provision social services to population and the use of the process approach and the transition to program-target methods outlining the some main problems, mechanisms in social services and tasks of evaluation determining the base requirements towards the assessments of the effectiveness of social programming and different stages. Discussing all those issues, the study makes a proposal for a model for assessment of the effectiveness of social programming based on the approach of “organizational effectiveness” embracing the totality of certain elements - system of resources acquisition, choice of goals, assessment of the impact of outer environment, choice of a strategy, conforming to the principle “what-if” and the priorities in social activity coming from dynamic changes in social environment. Special emphasis is placed on the differentiated effect on universities, depending on the area in which they conduct teaching and research, as well as on the peculiarities of the university business model in the changing environment of the higher education schools.","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124754011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pension Cuts in EU Member States","authors":"B. Dieleman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3720221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3720221","url":null,"abstract":"Research on pension cuts in public pensions and employer sponsored private pensions.","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"170 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130796999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Guarantees for Small Businesses in Italy during COVID-19","authors":"Fabrizio Core, Filippo De Marco","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3604114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3604114","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the public guarantee scheme for small businesses approved in Italy during the Covid-19 pandemic. In April 2020 the Italian government introduced a free 100% government guarantee on loans below €25.000 that requires no credit approval by banks. Using loan-level data from the Italian guarantee fund, we first show that, between April and June 2020, 620.000 firms (10% of all eligible firms) obtained such guaranteed funds and we find significant bunching at €25.000. Second, we find that the types of firms receiving the guaranteed loans changed during the course of the pandemic. In the initial phase (April and May), firms located in areas more affected by the pandemic or active in 6-digit sectors that were deemed non-essential were more likely to take the new government guaranteed loans compared to all other eligible firms. Moreover, smaller firms, those with less cash on hand, more pre-existing bank debt and lower z-score were more likely to participate in the program. In the second phase (June), as the rate of infections declined and the lockdown measures were eased, funds flowed to areas that were not affected by the pandemic and to firms financially more solid than those who obtained the guarantee in the first phase. This suggests that the pandemic caused large dislocations of economic activity across the country, even in areas that did not experience a health crisis and for firms that were financially stronger. If all eligible firms had participated in the guarantee program, the number of illiquid firms could have been 50% lower in June.","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127478851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Pays a Visit to Brussels? The Firm Value of Cross-Border Political Access to European Commissioners","authors":"Kizkitza Biguri, Jörg R. Stahl","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3339871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3339871","url":null,"abstract":"We present novel evidence on the value of cross-border political access. We analyze data on meetings of US multinational enterprises (MNEs) with European Commission (EC) policymakers. Meetings with Commissioners are associated with positive abnormal equity returns. We study channels of value creation through political access in the areas of regulation and taxation. US enterprises with EC meetings are more likely to receive favorable outcomes in their European merger decisions and have lower effective tax rates on foreign income than their peers without meetings. Our results suggest that access to foreign policymakers is of substantial value for MNEs.","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114509169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Quantitative Easing Affect People’s Personal Financial Situation and Economic Inequality? The View of the German Population","authors":"B. Hayo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3598707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3598707","url":null,"abstract":"Using representative survey data collected in 2018, I study how laypersons in Germany perceive the effects of quantitative easing (QE) on their personal financial situation and on national economic inequality. Almost 40% think that their economic situation is unaffected by QE, whereas 20% and 6% believe that QE has made them worse off or better off, respectively. Regarding economic inequality, about one-third of the population is of the opinion that QE contributes to inequality, only 10% think it does not, and 13% cannot perceive an impact. These groups with the different views are characterised using multivariate ordered logit models. First, respondents who feel that their personal economic situation has deteriorated as a result of QE tend to be savers and those with better objective knowledge about monetary policy affairs, whereas those who feel their situation has improved have more trust in the ECB and support conservative (CDU/CSU) and liberal (FDP) parties. Second, the view that QE increases economic inequality in Germany is favoured by Left Party supporters, East Germans, and those with a relatively high level of monetary policy knowledge, whereas those who have more trust in the ECB have the opposite view. Third, persons with a high level of monetary policy knowledge and formal education are more likely to answer the questions on the effects of QE.","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123686823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Концепции и модели в социалната политика (Concepts and Models in Social Policy)","authors":"V. Terziev, Preslava Dimitrova","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3303857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3303857","url":null,"abstract":"The social policy of a country is a set of specific activities aimed at regulating the social relations between different in their social status subjects. This approach to clarifying social policy is also called functional and essentially addresses social policy as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality in society. It provides an opportunity to look for inequalities in the economic positions of individuals in relation to ownership, labor and working conditions, distribution of income and consumption, social security and health, to look for the sources of these inequalities and their social justification or undue application.The modern state takes on social functions that seek to regulate imbalances, to protect weak social positions and prevent the disintegration of the social system. It regulates the processes in society by harmonizing interests and opposing marginalization. Every modern country develops social activities that reflect the specifics of a particular society, correspond to its economic, political and cultural status. They are the result of political decisions aimed at directing and regulating the process of adaptation of the national society to the transformations of the market environment. Social policy is at the heart of the development and governance of each country. Despite the fact that too many factors and problems affect it, it largely determines the physical and mental state of the population as well as the relationships and interrelationships between people. On the other hand, social policy allows for a more global study and solving of vital social problems of civil society. On the basis of the programs and actions of political parties and state bodies, the guidelines for the development of society are outlined. Social policy should be seen as an activity to regulate the relationship of equality or inequality between different individuals and social groups in society. Its importance is determined by the possibility of establishing on the basis of the complex approach: the economic positions of the different social groups and individuals, by determining the differences between them in terms of income, consumption, working conditions, health, etc .; to explain the causes of inequality; to look for concrete and specific measures to overcome the emerging social disparities.","PeriodicalId":103361,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other European Economics: Political Economy & Public Economics (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123827569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}