Clean-soil Air Water最新文献

{"title":"AI-Integrated Optoelectronic Sensors for Real-Time Chemical Exposure and Health Risk Assessment","authors":"Deniz Şahin,&nbsp;Ștefan Ţălu","doi":"10.1002/clen.70264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70264","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Artificial intelligence (AI)-integrated optoelectronic sensing platforms are gaining increasing attention as next-generation tools for monitoring chemical exposures and assessing associated human health risks in real time. Growing concerns over environmental pollutants, toxic chemicals, and continuous exposure at the environment–human interface have highlighted the need for sensitive, adaptive, and data-driven diagnostic technologies that extend beyond conventional laboratory-based analysis. Unlike previous review articles that typically address optoelectronic sensing technologies or AI-based analytics separately, this work provides a unified and application-oriented perspective by integrating sensing mechanisms, bioelectronic system design, and AI-driven data interpretation within a single framework.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review synthesizes recent advances in AI-integrated optoelectronic sensing platforms by comparatively examining sensor architectures, transduction mechanisms, data acquisition strategies, and AI-based analytical frameworks reported between 2020 and 2025. Relevant studies were identified through a targeted literature survey of major peer-reviewed journals, focusing on experimental and applied research demonstrating quantifiable sensing performance, real-time monitoring capability, or health-relevant chemical detection. Purely theoretical studies or systems lacking bioelectronic relevance were excluded unless they provided transferable insights into signal processing or AI-assisted interpretation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The reviewed studies demonstrate that AI integration substantially enhances sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness of bioelectronic sensing platforms, enabling accurate detection of low-level chemical exposures and dynamic exposure profiling across wearable, implantable, and portable systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>AI-enabled optoelectronic sensing platforms represent a promising pathway toward proactive, personalized, and real-time chemical exposure assessment, with strong potential for future applications in environmental monitoring, diagnostics, and preventive healthcare. From a translational perspective, their successful deployment will depend on large-scale validation, standardization of sensing protocols, integration with existing healthcare and environmental monitoring infrastructures, and the development of regulatory-compliant, scalable, and user-friendly systems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Unripe Banana Peel Derived-Pectin for Efficient Divalent Metal Biosorption","authors":"Vishakha Kutwal,&nbsp;Chetana Patil,&nbsp;Abhishek Pathak,&nbsp;Kapil Dhotre,&nbsp;Sanjay Kamble","doi":"10.1002/clen.70266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70266","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the extraction of pectin from unripe banana peel using citric acid (CA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) under varying conditions of temperature, pH and solvent type. Optimal pectin extraction was achieved at 90°C, using CA and HCl with pH 1.8 and ethanol as precipitating agent. Under these extraction conditions, CA produced a higher pectin yield (27%) compared to HCl (22%). The extracted pectin was evaluated on the basis of parameters, such as equivalent weight, methoxyl content, degree of esterification (DE), anhydrouronic acid content, ash, moisture and overall yield. The structural integrity of the extracted pectin was confirmed using FT-IR and ¹H NMR. Pectin extracted using CA shows promising adsorption properties for divalent metal ions, such as Zn(II), Pb(II), Ca(II), Fe(II) and Ni(II) in synthetic wastewater treatment. Pectin(CA) achieved adsorption capacities of 192.31 mg/g for Pb(II) and 91.74 mg/g for Ni(II), superior to the values obtained with pectin(HCl), which were 76.33 mg/g for Pb(II) and 56.49 mg/g for Ni(II). The enhanced performance of pectin(CA) is attributed to its lower DE, which provides more active binding sites and makes it a highly efficient and sustainable biosorbent. Kinetic modeling revealed that Pb adsorption onto both pectin(CA) and pectin(HCl) is best described by a pseudo-second order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Impact of Gold Ore Tailings: A Comprehensive Review on Ecological Risks and Sustainable Management Approaches","authors":"Sneha M. K.,&nbsp;Mangalpady Aruna,&nbsp;Palakshappa K.,&nbsp;Shilpa Halawar","doi":"10.1002/clen.70269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Gold ore tailings (GOT) are the bulk of all mine waste produced by the mining industry and continue to have a negative impact on the environment and sustainability in all mining regions worldwide. The following review presents a broad evaluation of GOT, focusing on their characterization, the means by which they are contaminated, potential ecological risks, methods of remediation, and potential opportunities for sustainable reuse. The presence of hazardous elements within tailings in elevated concentrations results in long-term contamination of both soil and water, whereas posing increased risk to both human health and the ecological environment into the far future. Using the methods of mineralogical, chemical, and risk-based assessment shows that the potential mobility and environmental persistence of metals in multiple media are similar in all media studied. Phytoremediation and amended-assisted remediation methods have high potential, but the efficiency of both types of methods is still subject to the local climate and other factors. Examples of engineering-based methods to create value-added products from GOT include geopolymerization, sintered bricks, and recovering metals. For all engineering methods studied, the combination of both biological and engineering methods produced the highest level of sustainability. This study makes a case for the need to develop combined remediation and reuse methods that will provide for both environmental restoration and the most efficient resource use for GOT.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Recovery From E-Waste as a Sustainable Approach Towards Bioremediation by Bacillus albus and Bacillus aerius Strains","authors":"Kumari Shreya,&nbsp;Banhi Halder,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar Nigam,&nbsp;Muthu Kumar Sampath","doi":"10.1002/clen.70267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Solid trash dumps are expanding quickly due to a rise in electronic waste (e-waste). E-waste contributes significantly to environmental degradation, which can have detrimental effects on both environment and human health. This study employs recovery of different important metals by selected strains of <i>Bacillus albus</i> (GenBank Accession No. PX956283) and <i>Bacillus aerius</i> (GenBank Accession No. PX956319), isolated from e-waste contaminated soil. Bioleaching process was employed in laboratory condition at 37°C, 150 rpm for 5 days of incubation. The recovery metals from e-waste were characterized by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) using leaching media following the bioleaching process. However, <i>B. albus</i> recovered Ba 70.98%, Fe 94.72%, Mn 83.84%, Ni 91.41%, Zn 95.43%, and Pb 96.48% from printed circuit board (PCB). <i>B. aerius</i> also recovered Ba 90.78%, Fe 87.13%, Mn 79.57%, Ni 90.8%, Zn 97.18%, and Pb 71.4%. Further investigation was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to look for changes in structural and functional groups. This method, which is an eco-friendly method of managing e-waste, uses the chosen strains for multiple metal extraction from the PCBs without any chemical preparation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs) Pollution Status of Soil, Water, and Edible Vegetables Within Cashew Nut Processing Clusters in Enugu, Nigeria","authors":"Edidiong S. Akwaowo,&nbsp;Hillary O. Abugu,&nbsp;Janefrances N. Ihedioha","doi":"10.1002/clen.70263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70263","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil, water, and edible plants within cashew nut processing clusters in Enugu, Nigeria. Following liquid–liquid and solid–liquid extractions, the concentration of sixteen PAHs congeners were determined using gas chromatography coupled with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). To predict the potential sources of these PAHs, a diagnostic ratio guide was employed and principal component analysis was performed. Mutagenic equivalent concentration, human health risk assessment, and ecological risk assessment were performed. The identified PAHs had concentration range: 786.31–2589.46 µg/kg in soil, 33.78–5476.37 µg/L in water, and 561.47–3047.84 µg/kg in vegetables. Except for one location, the vegetables had higher levels of low molecular weight PAHs, while high molecular weight PAHs were more prevalent in the water. The results showed that the studied location has a fair amount of PAH pollution, mostly from pyrogenic sources though the source apportionment models predicted multi-sources. The ecological risk assessment indicated acenaphthene to be the most contributing contaminant while the health risk evaluations indicated that consumers of water and vegetables from this area may have risk for non-carcinogenic health problems. There were substantial mutagenic equivalent quantities, and BaP metabolites were probably responsible. The study reveals that inefficient burning of biomass and fossil fuels has resulted in significant levels of PAH contamination in the surrounding cashew nut processing clusters, and these activities should be controlled.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information: Clean Soil Air Water. 9/2026","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/clen.70258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/clen.70258","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Soil and Pepper: Ecological and Human Health Risks","authors":"M. B. Adekola,&nbsp;A. M. Taiwo,&nbsp;B. S. Bada,&nbsp;T. M. Oladipo,&nbsp;N. A. Amusa,&nbsp;A. A. Alli,&nbsp;J. O. Alabi,&nbsp;M. F. Olorunnishola,&nbsp;E. N. Danton,&nbsp;S. T. Idowu,&nbsp;Z. O. Afolabi,&nbsp;A. A. Awujoola,&nbsp;R. O. Mustapha,&nbsp;S. S. Oshiomogho,&nbsp;A. M. Olabode","doi":"10.1002/clen.70270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in agricultural soils and pepper samples to assess their ecological and human health risks. Eighty soil samples (pre-[40] and post-[40] pesticide application) and 40 pepper samples were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs), health and ecological risk assessments were carried out. Before pesticide application, soils already contained detectable OCP residues, particularly α-BHC (5.0–5.3 µg/kg) and γ-HCH (7.7–9.3 µg/kg), indicating background contamination. Following pesticide application, residue levels increased significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with endosulfan sulfate (1789.88 µg/kg) and endrin (161.33 µg/kg) reaching the highest concentrations at contamination hotspots resulting in ecological risk quotients that exceeded guideline thresholds. Pepper samples showed substantial bioaccumulation of OCPs, confirming their transfer from soil into edible crops. The highest BAFs were recorded for 4,4′-DDE (11,168.62), dieldrin (5180.07), 4,4′-DDT (5164.89), and endosulfan I (1645.27). Health risk assessment indicated that most non-carcinogenic risks for adults were within acceptable limits, although dieldrin exceeded the safety threshold (HQ = 1.35). Children were more vulnerable, with hazard quotient values exceeding 1.0 for several pesticides, including dieldrin (13.46), 4,4′-DDE (5.36), aldrin (2.71), endrin aldehyde (2.47), and heptachlor epoxide (1.27). Cancer risks ranged from 2.21 × 10⁻⁶ to 5.27 × 10⁻⁴ for adults and 4.51 × 10⁻⁵ to 1.08 × 10⁻² for children, with dieldrin and aldrin posing the greatest concern. These findings revealed persistent OCP contamination, pronounced spatial variability, and high BAF values in peppers, highlighting elevated ecological risks and greater health risks for children.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NiO-Decorated Activated Carbon for Selective and High-Performance Pb(II) Adsorption","authors":"Ola yousef,&nbsp;Ebtsam Alshammari,&nbsp;Maha D. Alghamdi,&nbsp;Laila Alqarni,&nbsp;Aisha A. Alshahrani,&nbsp;Huda Elenezi,&nbsp;Sahar Abdalla,&nbsp;A. Modwi","doi":"10.1002/clen.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lead contamination in water systems poses a serious environmental and public health concern, necessitating the development of efficient and selective adsorbents. In this study, a NiO-decorated activated carbon (NiO@AC) nanocomposite was synthesized via chemical activation followed by a precipitation-assisted method. The resulting material exhibited well-dispersed NiO nanoparticles on a porous carbon matrix. The adsorption performance toward Pb(II) ions was strongly dependent on solution conditions, with optimal removal achieved at pH 5. The NiO@AC nanocomposite demonstrated a maximum removal efficiency of 95% and maintained 89% removal at an initial Pb(II) concentration of 200 mg/L. Equilibrium data were best described by the Langmuir isotherm model (<i>R</i>² = 0.9786), indicating monolayer adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity of 826.9 mg/g. Kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that both physical and chemisorption are the dominant mechanism. Furthermore, the nanocomposite exhibited strong selectivity toward Pb(II) ions in the presence of competing metal ions and retained good performance over repeated adsorption–desorption cycles, confirming its stability and reusability. These results highlight NiO@AC as an efficient, selective, and sustainable adsorbent with strong potential for practical wastewater treatment applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Enzyme Immobilization and Its Application in the Degradation of Typical Emerging Contaminants","authors":"JiYue Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;YiBo Cui,&nbsp;Yang Liu,&nbsp;Jia Bao,&nbsp;MengQin Yao","doi":"10.1002/clen.70268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70268","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Emerging contaminants (ECs), including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), have attracted increasing attention due to their persistent occurrence and potential risks to ecosystems and human health. Enzymatic bioremediation has attracted increasing attention because of its high catalytic efficiency, substrate specificity, and environmental friendliness. However, the practical application of free enzymes is limited by poor stability, easy deactivation, and low reusability. Enzyme immobilization has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance enzyme stability, activity retention, and operational performance. This review summarizes recent advances in immobilized enzymes for the degradation of ECs, with a focus on laccase, peroxidases, catalase, and organophosphorus hydrolase. Different immobilization methods and support materials, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), magnetic nanomaterials, biochar, and carbon-based materials, are critically compared. Current challenges, such as mass-transfer limitations, by-product toxicity, and scale-up issues, are discussed. Future prospects, including AI-assisted carrier design and multienzyme catalytic systems, are also highlighted.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metal Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment in the Bhairab–Rupsha River Basin: An Integrated Approach Using Pollution Indices, Spatial Mapping, and Multivariate Analysis","authors":"Tamzid Ahmed,&nbsp;Quazi Hamidul Bari,&nbsp;Md Mahmudur Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Shafiquzzaman","doi":"10.1002/clen.70271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70271","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heavy metal contamination in tidal river systems is an increasing environmental concern in rapidly urbanizing regions of South Asia. This study presents an integrated assessment of heavy metal pollution and ecological risk in the Bhairab–Rupsha River basin, Bangladesh. Concentrations of six priority metals—chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)—were determined in water and surface sediments collected during the pre- and post-monsoon seasons using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). Data quality was ensured through strict QA/QC procedures. Pollution and ecological risks were evaluated using the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI), water–sediment concentration factor (<i>K</i>_d), contamination factor (<i>C</i>_f), degree of contamination (<i>C</i>_d), pollution load index (PLI), geo-accumulation index (<i>I</i>_geo), ecological risk factor (<i>E</i>_r), potential ecological risk index (PER), spatial mapping, and principal component analysis (PCA). Water samples showed the concentration order as follows: Cu &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; Pb &gt; Zn &gt; Cd, with Cr, Cd, and Pb exceeding the Bangladesh Environmental Conservation Rules and the relevant United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and CCME aquatic life guidelines. HPI values exceeded the critical limit (&gt;100) at all stations, indicating severe water quality deterioration, particularly downstream. In contrast, sediment metal concentrations remained below guideline thresholds, with <i>C</i>_f &lt; 1, <i>C</i>_d &lt; 8, PLI &lt; 1, <i>I</i>_geo &lt; 0, and PER indicating low ecological risk. Spatial analysis revealed increasing downstream enrichment associated with industrial discharges, municipal wastewater, and port activities. PCA explained 98.8% of the total variance, suggesting a dominant anthropogenic source of contamination.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}