Chinese Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Inter-species and individualized biotransformation of five saponins by human being- and mouse-derived fecal microbiota.","authors":"Wenjing Wei, Mingxiao Li, Lingyun Pan, Mijia Shao, Xiaofang He, Yuanyuan Li, Lili Sheng, Ningning Zheng, Houkai Li","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01190-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01190-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the biotransformation of saponins. However, current research predominantly focuses on metabolism by single microbial species, with limited investigation into inter-species differences or inter-individual variability in saponin biotransformation, especially by the culture of mixed gut microbiota. This study aims to elucidate the species-specific differences and inter-individual variability in gut microbiota-mediated saponin biotransformation through multidimensional analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we selected five representative saponins, including ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Re, glycyrrhizic acid, saikosaponin D and dioscin, and conducted anaerobic cultures ex vivo with mixed gut microbiota derived from mice and humans. Metabolic profiles of parent compounds and their metabolites were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. Additionally, three saponins (ginsenoside Rb1, glycyrrhizic acid and saikosaponin D) were co-cultured with gut microbiota from 50 healthy volunteers to assess inter-individual biotransformation variability. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to identify key microbial taxa and potential metabolic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We revealed distinct biotransformation patterns of multi-component saponins by mixed gut microbiota, with notable inter-individual variability observed among 50 healthy volunteers. Particularly, ginsenoside Rb1 exhibited the most significant individual differences in gut microbiota biotransformation. Further analysis demonstrated that the biotransformation capacity of gut microbiota was closely correlated with both its taxonomic composition and the relative abundances of specific bacterial genera.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study elucidated the pivotal role of gut microbiota in mediating inter-individual differences in saponin biotransformation, while having identified potential microbial communities and metabolic pathways involved in saponin biotransformation. These findings not only advance understanding of species-dependent biotransformation of saponins but also establish a foundation for screening microbial strains or enzymes to optimize saponin-derived therapies, thereby facilitating precision medicine and translational research.</p>","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12376353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of acupuncture versus moxibustion on functional dyspepsia: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Yangke Mao, Pan Zhang, Zhaoxuan He, Yuke Teng, Zilei Tian, Sha Yang, Kuan Fang, Wei Zhang, Yuting Wang, Tao Yin, Fang Zeng","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01187-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01187-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, despite its high prevalence and impact on quality of life, effective treatments are limited. Acupuncture and moxibustion, two complementary therapies based on traditional Chinese medicine, have shown potential in alleviating FD symptoms. However, the differences of acupuncture and moxibustion in FD are unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 144 eligible FD patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to either the acupuncture or moxibustion group to receive 20 treatment sessions. The primary outcome was the Short-Form Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire (SFLDQ) total score after 4 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes included SFLDQ symptom-specific score, Nepean Dyspepsia Life Quality Index etc. Linear mixed-effects model was used for analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no difference in SFLDQ total score after treatment with acupuncture compared with moxibustion (difference, 0.08[95% CI -0.634 to 0.794], p = 0.82), despite both groups were effective. However, the results of the secondary outcomes showed that compared with moxibustion, acupuncture was more effective in alleviating epigastric pain (difference, -0.318[95% CI -0.056 to -0.579], p = 0.017) and anxiety mood (difference, -2.893[95% CI -0.419 to -5.367], p = .022). On the other hand, moxibustion was more effective than acupuncture in reducing post-prandial fullness (difference, -0.3[95% CI -0.551 to -0.048], p = .02). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both the acupuncture and moxibustion groups showed significant improvement in FD symptoms. Although there were no significant differences between the groups at week 4 for the primary outcome, acupuncture exhibited greater improvement in addressing epigastric pain and reduction in anxiety symptoms while moxibustion demonstrated a larger reduction in improving post-prandial fullness. Choice of acupuncture and moxibustion should be tailored to the primary symptoms of FD patients to achieve optimal efficacy.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ID: ChiCTR2100049496).</p>","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12372385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exhaustive examination of the research progress in identifying potential JAK inhibitors from natural products: a comprehensive overview.","authors":"Wendong Yang, Jiabin Lu, Peihua Luo, Zhifei Xu, Hao Yan, Bo Yang, Qiaojun He, Jialin Zhou, Xiaochun Yang","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01176-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01176-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The JAK-STAT signaling pathway serves as a central regulator of diverse cellular processes encompassing proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and differentiation. Specifically, extracellular ligands such as interleukins, and colony-stimulating factors induce JAKs phosphorylation, subsequently triggering dimerization and nuclear translocation of STATs protein. In this way, the JAK-STAT pathway modulates target gene expression. Dysregulation of the JAK-STAT pathways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases, including inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, malignant tumors. Therefore, JAK inhibitors have been considered promising therapeutic candidates with substantial clinical potential. While previous reviews have primarily focused on natural products targeting JAK-STAT signaling pathways for the specific disease application, this paper comprehensively collected 88 natural products demonstrating JAKs inhibitory activity across multiple pathological conditions. We mainly referenced nearly 20 years of literature from 2005 to 2025, comprising 294 different types of publications including review articles and research papers. Through systematic analysis of the compounds, we further classified these phytochemicals according to their structural characteristics (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids) and molecular targets within the signaling cascades. This study provides novel insights into the pathophysiological relationships between diseases and JAK kinases, while offering valuable guidance for developing next-generation JAK inhibitors with improved therapeutic profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12369162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroacupuncture stimulation improves pulmonary fibrosis by modulating ferroptosis in rats: multiscale analysis of transcriptome and proteome.","authors":"Yange Tian, Qinghua Song, Ruilong Lu, Yan Du, Zhiguang Qiu, Yixi Liao, Bo Wang, Jiansheng Li","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01184-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01184-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Idiopathic Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease with poor survival. Electroacupuncture has been proven to improve dyspnea in IPF patients, but the mechanism remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The IPF rat model was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Electroacupuncture was performed 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Lung function and lung histopathology were tested to evaluate the respiratory movements and lung damage. Collagen I (COL-I), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and hydroxyproline (HYP) were measured to evaluate fiber deposition. Characterization of gene and protein expression profiles in IPF rat was recognized by integrated proteomic and transcriptomic. WGCNA and GSEA were used to identify the key modules and signaling pathways of electroacupuncture against IPF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electroacupuncture improved vital capacity, RI, Cdyn, the alveolar rupture and fibrous tissue deposition, and reduced the expression of α-SMA, COL-I, and HYP. 1104 differentially expressed genes and 391 proteins were identified which were reversed by electroacupuncture. Two modules were obtained and functional analysis showed ferroptosis, PI3K-AKT and FoxO signaling pathway were significantly enriched. Genes and proteins with strong correlations were screened out, and functional analysis showed ferroptosis and glutathione metabolism were significantly enriched. Electroacupuncture reduced the levels of Fe³⁺, Fe²⁺, LPO and MDA in the lung tissue of PF rats and increased the levels of GSH and SOD. Further, electroacupuncture improved the mitochondrial swelling of alveolar epithelial cells in PF rats. Also, electroacupuncture inhibited the level of p-Akt and p-FoxO3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Electroacupuncture regulated ferroptosis to improve IPF via inhibiting PI3K-AKT and FoxO signaling.</p>","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144945043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanren decoction ameliorates ulcerative colitis by modulating gut microbiota and macrophage polarization to enhance intestinal barrier function.","authors":"Shujuan Zhang, BangHua Li, Xiaoqun Han, LinLin Ruan, Xingxing Fu, Yanglin Chen, Hongtao Wan, Xiaojian Zhu, Dan Liu, Bo Yi","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01183-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01183-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sanren Decoction (SRD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula historically used to relieve damp-heat and gastrointestinal disorders, demonstrates targeted efficacy in ulcerative colitis (UC)-a disease marked by chronic inflammation and mucosal damage-by acting on multiple pathological pathways. This study employed an integrative methodology comprising network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vivo experimentation to elucidate the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of SRD in the management of UC. The findings identified 87 genes targeted by SRD that are associated with UC, highlighting PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2) as a crucial target involved in inflammatory processes. Molecular docking analysis confirmed significant interactions between the active compounds of SRD and PTGS2, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory pathway. In vivo experiments utilizing a DSS-induced colitis mouse model demonstrated that SRD effectively ameliorates clinical symptoms and histopathological damage, enhances intestinal barrier integrity, and modulates macrophage polarization from a pro-inflammatory M1 state to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Furthermore, SRD was found to alter gut microbiota composition by increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria and influencing metabolic pathways. These findings establish a strong scientific foundation for the potential of SRD as a comprehensive therapeutic approach for UC, offering promising prospects for its integration into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12366350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of anti-fibrotic compounds from Piper longum L via hollow fiber cell fishing and high-performance liquid chromatography with in vivo and in vitro validation.","authors":"Jie Tian, Nan Zhou, Heng Wang, Wanghui Jing, Guoping Zheng","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01177-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01177-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an important source of bioactive compounds, hence enjoying a wide application in clinical treatment, while its pharmacodynamic material basis remains difficult to elucidate as it has a complex chemical composition. Piper longum L is a commonly used herbal medicine in prescriptions for chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet its key active ingredients responsible for anti-renal fibrosis effects remain unclear. This study aimed to establish a novel and efficient strategy for the screening and identification of anti-fibrotic compounds from Piper longum L.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HK-2 cells with fibrotic features induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were used to develop a hollow fiber cell fishing coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HFCF-HPLC) mode. This model was integrated with network pharmacology and molecular biology techniques to screen and validate active anti-fibrotic compounds in Piper longum L. The in vivo efficacy of the identified compounds was further evaluated by a unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury (uIRI) model with delayed contralateral nephrectomy in C57BL/6 J mice. Serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were taken into account to assess the renal function, while immunohistochemistry and western blot served for analyzing the fibrosis markers α-SMA and collagen-I.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HFCF-HPLC screening identified two key active compounds from Piper longum L: piperlongumine (PIPA) and piperlonguminine (PLG). Among them, PIPA exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on the expression of fibrosis markers in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that PIPA significantly reduced renal fibrosis in the uIRI model, as indicated by lower SCr and BUN levels, improved renal histopathology, and reduced extracellular matrix deposition.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A novel HFCF-HPLC model was successfully established to screen active compounds from TCM against renal fibrosis. PIPA was identified as a promising anti-fibrotic agent from Piper longum L, demonstrating significant renoprotective effects in in vitro and in vivo models. This work advances the modernization of herbal medicine research by offering a integrated strategy for identifying bioactive TCM components.</p>","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12362919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144882250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emodin promotes GSK-3β-mediated PD-L1 proteasomal degradation and enhances anti-tumor immunity in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Xuemei Yang, Weiguang Chen, Haitao Sun, Weicong Chen, Wei Xu, Chunyu He, Yang Liu, Ying Kuang, Yanhao Ma, Binglian Zhong, Chaojie Li, Guohuan Li, Qingfeng Du, Songqi He","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01146-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01146-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a prominent immune checkpoint, interacts with programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) on cytotoxic T cells within tumors and promotes immune evasion. Emodin, which is known to destabilize PD-L1 in breast cancer, has great potential for enhancing anti-tumor immunity. However, whether emodin can modulate PD-L1 levels in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and enhance anti-tumor immune response remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>PD-L1 levels were assessed by western blot and RT-qPCR, the degradation mechanism was analyzed using specific inhibitors. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) modulation analyzes were performed to validate emodin's target. In vivo anti-tumor effects were evaluated in H₂₂ subcutaneous tumor model, and CD8⁺ T cells and RNA-seq data were analyzed. The synergistic effects of emodin and an anti-PD-L1 antibody were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emodin effectively reduced PD-L1 levels in H₂₂ cells and increased anti-tumor activity in an H₂₂ subcutaneous tumor model by promoting CD8⁺ T cells infiltration and TNF-α, IFN-γ, and granzyme B secretion. Mechanistically, emodin accelerated PD-L1 degradation through the proteasome pathway in both mouse and human HCC cell lines, as confirmed by the use of proteasome, lysosome and autophagy inhibitors. Network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking revealed that GSK-3β, a key regulator of PD-L1 degradation, is a target of emodin. Selective inhibitor-mediated suppression of GSK-3β largely reversed the regulatory effect of emodin on PD-L1. In contrast, overexpression of GSK-3β with a plasmid decreased PD-L1 protein levels and augmented emodin's effect on PD-L1. Additionally, RNA-sequencing revealed the role of emodin in improving the immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we observed a synergistic effect when the H₂₂ cell subcutaneous tumor model was treated with emodin and anti-PD-L1 antibody.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emodin exerts anti-tumor effects by promoting GSK-3β-mediated PD-L1 proteasomal degradation and enhancing the anti-tumor effects of CD8⁺ T cells, indicating that emodin may be a promising therapeutic option for HCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12345107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moxibustion ameliorates abnormal subchondral bone remodeling by promoting ACSL1-mediated autophagy to degrade NLRP3 in osteoarthritis.","authors":"Xuelan Chen, Liping Fu, Yu Huang, Qing Liao, Binhua Zou, Lixia Yuan, Gang Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01182-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01182-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder that is characterized, among other features, by abnormal subchondral bone remodeling. Moxibustion, a traditional Chinese medicine treatment, has a long history in the clinical treatment of osteoarthritis and has demonstrated significant efficacy. However, the impact mechanisms of moxibustion on subchondral bone in osteoarthritis have yet to be elucidated.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the specific effects and mechanisms of moxibustion on abnormal subchondral bone remodeling in OA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) surgery was performed on mice to establish an OA model, and moxibustion intervention for 4 weeks. The effects of moxibustion on knee osteoarthritis symptoms and walking ability were assessed by knee joint diameter measurement, von Frey test and footprint analysis. Micro-CT, TEM, immunofluorescence staining, and western blot were used to detect the contact between autophagy-lysosomal pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome in subchondral bone remodeling. Subsequently, proteomic analysis was performed on mouse subchondral bone.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We first discovered that moxibustion intervention effectively reduced inflammation in the subchondral bone, thereby balancing the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Moxibustion, with its warming and medicinal properties, significantly alleviated pain and swelling and enhanced walking ability in OA mice. The findings also suggested that moxibustion counteracted subchondral bone imbalance by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through increased autolysosome levels. Proteomic analysis and experimental validation revealed that moxibustion promoted ACSL1 expression to regulate autophagy in OA subchondral bone.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study elucidated the molecular mechanism by which moxibustion improved the inflammatory environment and abnormal subchondral bone remodeling in OA mice by activating ACSL1-mediated autophagy, providing the basis and new insights for  advancing moxibustion therapy in OA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12337568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Plant-derived extracts or compounds for Helicobacter-associated gastritis: a systematic review of their anti-Helicobacter activity and anti-inflammatory effect in animal experiments.","authors":"Danni Chen, Wenlai Wang, Xiangyun Chen, Ning Liang, Jiawang Li, Wei Ding, Hongrui Zhang, Zhen Yang, Hongxia Zhao, Zhenhong Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01139-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01139-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12333135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144803737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Huanglian Jiedu Decoction improves the\"central-peripheral\"inflammatory microenvironment and enhances the cognitive function of APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome mediated by gut microbiota.","authors":"Yani Zhang, Jiahua Wang, Xuetao Li, Ruibo Guo, Liyan Wang, Yang Liu, Yang Yu, Liang Kong","doi":"10.1186/s13020-025-01180-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13020-025-01180-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) is a representative formula for clearing heat and removing toxins, and some basic studies indicated that it can improve the learning cognitive ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice, but the underlying molecular mechanism of its improvement in AD mice is still unclear, therefore, this paper delves into the mechanism of HLJDD to improve AD.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate whether HLJDD can improve the \"central-peripheral\" inflammatory microenvironment in APP/PS1 mice, and to explore its relationship with gut microbiota and NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles activation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this paper, the fingerprint of HLJDD was established by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the components of HLJDD were characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-O-TOF/MS). The potential signaling pathways of HLJDD against AD were preliminarily investigated through network pharmacology. Behavioral assessment, histopathological staining, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemical staining, and detection of central and peripheral inflammatory factors were used to explore the improvement of AD by HLJDD, in addition to which we examined the gut microbiota and expression of relevant inflammatory proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 137 chemical constituents, including flavonoids, terpenoids, and alkaloids, were first identified in HLJDD by HPLC fingerprinting and UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. In addition, 49 components were found in the brain tissue of APP/PS1 mice and 48 components were found in the plasma of APP/PS1 mice. Network pharmacology concluded that the relevant pathways for HLJDD treatment of AD include inflammatory pathways. We found that HLJDD was effective in improving the learning memory ability of APP/PS1 mice by in vivo mouse behavioral performance. Histopathological results showed that HLJDD had the effect of reducing AD-like pathological damage, and also found that HLJDD could significantly reduce the proportion of M1 type microglia and A1 type astrocytes, and increase the proportion of M2 type microglia and A2 type astrocytes, and the treatment of HLJDD also suppressed the infiltration of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T-cells in the brain, and inhibited Aβ deposition and reduced the expression of inflammatory factors in the brain, and alleviated central neuroinflammation. In addition, it was also found that HLJDD was able to reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in the peripheral blood and inhibit the peripheral immune response, and the results of gut microbiota also showed changes in gut microbiota after HLJDD treatment and verified the expression of inflammatory vesicle-associated proteins in the intestines, with significant upregulation of the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1, and ASC proteins in the model group, and significant downreg","PeriodicalId":10266,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12330115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}