Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology最新文献

{"title":"Dual excitatory and smooth muscle-relaxant effect of β-phenylethylamine on gastric fundus strips in rats.","authors":"Francisco José Batista-Lima,&nbsp;Felipe Macário Dos Santos Rodrigues,&nbsp;Kalinne Kelly Lima Gadelha,&nbsp;Daniel Maia Nogueira de Oliveira,&nbsp;Emanuella Feitosa Carvalho,&nbsp;Tatyanne Linhares Oliveira,&nbsp;Fernanda Carlos Nóbrega,&nbsp;Teresinha Silva Brito,&nbsp;Pedro Jorge Caldas Magalhães","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.13033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-Phenylethylamine (β-PEA) is a trace amine with chemical proximity to biogenic amines and amphetamines. It is an endogenous agonist of trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) that acts as a neuromodulator of classic neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. At high concentrations, β-PEA contracts smooth muscle, and a role for TAARs in these responses has been postulated. The high dietary intake of trace amines has been associated with such symptoms as hypertension and migraine, especially after the intake of foods containing such compounds. In gastrointestinal tissues, TAAR expression was reported, although the effect of β-PEA on gastric contractile behaviour is unknown. Here, isolated strips that were obtained from the rat gastric fundus were stimulated with high micromolar concentrations of β-PEA. Under resting tonus, β-PEA induced contractions. In contrast, when the strips were previously contracted with KCl, a relaxant response to β-PEA was observed. The contractile effect of β-PEA was inhibited by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists (i.e., cyproheptadine and ketanserin) but not by the TAAR₁ antagonist EPPTB. In gastric fundus strips that were previously contracted with 80 mmol/L KCl, the relaxant effect of β-PEA intensified in the presence of 5-HT receptor antagonists, which was inhibited by EPPTB and the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor MDL-12,330A. The guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ did not alter the relaxant effects of β-PEA. In conclusion, β-PEA exerted dual contractile and relaxant effects on rat gastric fundus. The contractile effect appeared to involve the recruitment of 5-HT receptors, and the relaxant effect of β-PEA on KCl-elicited contractions likely involved TAAR₁ .</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"46 1","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.13033","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36503801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dexamethasone exacerbates cisplatin-induced muscle atrophy.","authors":"Hiroyasu Sakai,&nbsp;Minami Kimura,&nbsp;Yuka Tsukimura,&nbsp;Saori Yabe,&nbsp;Yosuke Isa,&nbsp;Yuki Kai,&nbsp;Fumiaki Sato,&nbsp;Risako Kon,&nbsp;Nobutomo Ikarashi,&nbsp;Minoru Narita,&nbsp;Yoshihiko Chiba,&nbsp;Junzo Kamei","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.13024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dexamethasone for antiemetic therapy is typically administered with anticancer drugs such as cisplatin. We previously reported that cisplatin upregulates the muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase genes, namely muscle ring-finger protein 1 (MuRF1) and atrophy gene-1 (atrogin-1), and promotes muscle atrophy in mice. It is well known that dexamethasone causes upregulation of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 expression in skeletal muscles. Although it is speculated that a combination of dexamethasone and cisplatin worsens muscle atrophy, there are no reports based on research. We thereby investigated the effects of cisplatin and dexamethasone, alone or in combination, on the expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 in murine skeletal muscles and C2C12 myotubes. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin or the vehicle control once daily for 4 days. Dexamethasone or the vehicle control was subcutaneously administered 30 minutes prior to the administration of cisplatin. Dexamethasone enhanced MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 gene expression upregulated by cisplatin in murine quadriceps muscles and C2C12 myotubes. Cisplatin-caused upregulation of myostatin and downregulation of IGF-1 gene expression were also enhanced by co-administration of dexamethasone in murine quadriceps muscles and C2C12 myotubes. This study shows that the combination treatment of cisplatin and dexamethasone exacerbated muscle atrophy in mice. Therefore, this treatment regimen might exacerbate muscle atrophy in cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"46 1","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.13024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36421321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, inhibits inflammatory infiltration and angiogenesis in mice with diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Xin Ju,&nbsp;Xi Yang,&nbsp;Tao Yan,&nbsp;Huaicheng Chen,&nbsp;Zongming Song,&nbsp;Zongduan Zhang,&nbsp;Wencan Wu,&nbsp;Yi Wang","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.13029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most frequently occurring microvascular complications of diabetes. Recent evidence indicates that epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) are critical pathogenic players in non-neoplastic diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy and DR. However, the precise pathogenic mechanism of EGFR in DR has yet to be fully understood. In this study, we developed a type 1 diabetic early-stage retinopathy mouse model using injections of streptozotocin and an oxygen-induced end-stage diabetic retinopathy (OIR) model characterized by hypoxia-induced revascularization. We tested the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of DR can be reduced by the classic EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, in the mouse models. Our data indicated that treatment of AG1478 prevented retinal dysfunction, and reduced impairment of retinal structures as well as mitochondrial structures in retinal blood vessels in diabetic mice. Furthermore, AG1478 reduced neovascular tufts formation but had no effects on revascularization at the avascular sites when compared to untreated littermates in the OIR model. Our findings provide strong evidence that EGFR critically promoted retinal dysfunction, retinal structural impairment, and retinal vascular abnormalities in models of DR. We conclude that EGFR can be a potential important therapeutic target for treatment of DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"46 1","pages":"75-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.13029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36497430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-invasive three-dimensional power Doppler imaging for the assessment of acute cerebral blood flow alteration in a mouse model of subarachnoid haemorrhage.","authors":"Shuzo Yamamoto,&nbsp;Tatsushi Mutoh,&nbsp;Kazumasu Sasaki,&nbsp;Tomoko Mutoh,&nbsp;Yasuko Tatewaki,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Taki","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.13035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a non-invasive method of cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement using high-frequency power Doppler ultrasound imaging in a mouse model of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The 3-dimensionally (3D) reconstructed blood flow signals (%vascularity) within the brain volume of the middle cerebral artery territory correlated well with reference parameters, baseline carotid artery blood flow (r² = 0.52, P < 0.0001) and normalized CBF changes (r² = 0.74 P < 0.0001). These data suggest that the 3D power Doppler analysis may have the potential for reflecting real-time CBF changes during the acute phase of experimental SAH, which may be applicable to preclinical studies on early brain injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"46 1","pages":"99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.13035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36512570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 fatty acids in coronary heart disease: Recent updates and future perspectives.","authors":"Thekkuttuparambil A Ajith,&nbsp;Thankamani G Jayakumar","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.13034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) increases worldwide with varying etiological factors. In addition to the control of risk factors, dietary modification has been recommended to reduce the prevalence. Omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids (FAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), of fish oil are beneficial for the prevention of CHD. The effect can be ascribed to anti-inflammatory, vasodilating, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive activities and lowering of triacyl glycerol level. The American Heart Association advises two fish meals per week in subjects without CHD or supplementation of 1 g of EPA plus DHA per day in subjects with CHD. Despite the beneficial effects of EPA/DHA reported in some of the clinical trials, results of many others were inconsistent that can be ascribed to short duration of studies, low doses of ω-3 FAs, variations in the EPA:DHA ratio, selection of patients with different risk factors or interaction of ω-3 FAs with drugs used in the therapy. Therefore, well designed clinical trials in various populations are warranted. This article discusses the current situation and future prospective of ω-3 FAs in CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"46 1","pages":"11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.13034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36505139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoxin A4 ameliorates renal ischaemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury in rats.","authors":"Zhaohui Liu,&nbsp;Min Qu,&nbsp;Qiang Yang,&nbsp;Yulin Chang","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.13023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipoxin A4 (LA4), a bioactive product of arachidonic acid, has been shown to exert strong anti-inflammatory activity. By contrast, the anti-inflammatory action of LA4 in a renal ischaemia-reperfusion (RIR)-mediated acute lung inflammation (ALI) model and the potential pathogenesis of the condition is still unclear. The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of LA4 on RIR-induced ALI. The rat ALI model was induced by RIR. LA4 was injected via the tail vein immediately after RIR. The results indicate that LA4 markedly inhibits inflammatory cells infiltration, attenuates myeloperoxidase activity, and reduces the concentration of inflammatory mediators and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in RIR-induced ALI. Furthermore, LA4 suppressed nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. The protective effect of LA4 in RIR-stimulated ALI was reversed by BOC-2 (an antagonist of the LA4 receptor). These results indicate that LA4 exerts powerful anti-inflammatory functions in RIR-induced ALI by attenuating TLR4 expression via MAPK and NF-κB signalling. Accordingly, LA4 might be an underlying treatment drug for RIR-induced ALI.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":" ","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.13023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40443036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental structural and functional properties of Aquaporin ion channels found across the kingdoms of life.","authors":"Mohamad Kourghi,&nbsp;Jinxin V Pei,&nbsp;Michael L De Ieso,&nbsp;Saeed Nourmohammadi,&nbsp;Pak Hin Chow,&nbsp;Andrea J Yool","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.12900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaporin (AQP) channels in the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family are known to facilitate transmembrane water fluxes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Some classes of AQPs also conduct ions, glycerol, urea, CO₂ , nitric oxide, and other small solutes. Ion channel activity has been demonstrated for mammalian AQPs 0, 1, 6, Drosophila Big Brain (BIB), soybean nodulin 26, and rockcress AtPIP2;1. More classes are likely to be discovered. Newly identified blockers are providing essential tools for establishing physiological roles of some of the AQP dual water and ion channels. For example, the arylsulfonamide AqB011 which selectively blocks the central ion pore of mammalian AQP1 has been shown to impair migration of HT29 colon cancer cells. Traditional herbal medicines are sources of selective AQP1 inhibitors that also slow cancer cell migration. The finding that plant AtPIP2;1 expressed in root epidermal cells mediates an ion conductance regulated by calcium and protons provided insight into molecular mechanisms of environmental stress responses. Expression of lens MIP (AQP0) is essential for maintaining the structure, integrity and transparency of the lens, and Drosophila BIB contributes to neurogenic signalling pathways to control the developmental fate of fly neuroblast cells; however, the ion channel roles remain to be defined for MIP and BIB. A broader portfolio of pharmacological agents is needed to investigate diverse AQP ion channel functions in situ. Understanding the dual water and ion channel roles of AQPs could inform the development of novel agents for rational interventions in diverse challenges from agriculture to human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"45 4","pages":"401-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.12900","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35208609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preceding functional tooth loss delays recovery from acute cerebral hypoxia and locomotor hypoactivity after murine subarachnoid haemorrhage.","authors":"Tatsushi Mutoh,&nbsp;Kazumasu Sasaki,&nbsp;Yasuko Tatewaki,&nbsp;Keiko Kunitoki,&nbsp;Yumi Takano,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Taki","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.12874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tooth loss and related changes in the functionality may lead to worse outcome of stroke patients, but the effect on hemorrhagic stroke remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the impact of impaired masticatory function on acute cerebral oxygenation and locomotor activity after experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Twenty C57BL/6 mice with (MC-treated group) or without (control group) prior treatment of cutting off the upper molars were subjected to SAH by endovascular perforation. Grading of SAH and acute cerebral infarction were assessed by MR images. Brain tissue oxygen saturation (SbtO₂ ) by photoacoustic imaging and parameters related to locomotor activity by open-field test were analyzed serially after SAH. In all mice, global SbtO2 depression was notable immediately after SAH induction (P <.001), which recovered close to the baseline levels until day 3. However, MC-treated mice demonstrated a prolonged relative cerebral hypoxia (<40% of the baseline SbtO2) as compared to the control (3 ± 1 vs 1 ± 1 days; P <.05). The average distance travelled on day 7 and the ratio of central-area distance/total travelled distance by open-field test between days 7 and 14 were significantly lower in MC-treated mice than in the control mice (P <.05), although the occurrences of new infarction were not statistically different (P >.05). These data suggest a possible link between preceding masticatory impairment and early brain injury to deteriorate neurobehavioural function in patients after SAH.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"45 4","pages":"344-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.12874","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35461969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of spexin and progesterone on pain sensitivity attenuation in ovariectomized rats.","authors":"Parisa Moazen,&nbsp;Mahnaz Taherianfard,&nbsp;Mohammad Ahmadi Soleimani,&nbsp;Mitra Norozpor","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.12862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spexin is a central modulator of nociception. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of intra-hippocampal CA3 (IHCA3) injection of spexin and spexin-progesterone co-administration on pain sensitivity in ovariectomized rat. Thirty-five adult female rats were divided into five groups. Sham: the animals received injection of 0.5 μL ACSF by IHCA3. Experiments 1 and 2: the animals received injection of 0.5 μL of spexin bilaterally (10 and 30 nmol/rat respectively). Experiments 3 and 4: the animals received injection of 0.5 μL of spexin bilaterally (10 and 30 nmol/rat respectively) + subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of progesterone (5 mg/kg). Ovariectomy was performed in all groups to eliminate the effects of cyclic changes in the female rats. The formalin test (formalin 2.5%) was performed following the administration of spexin and progesterone. Results showed that bilateral injection of spexin in IHCA3 at both concentrations a significant (P < .05) decrease in the pain sensitivity in the two phases of formalin test. Similarly, the bilateral injection of spexin in IHCA3 at both concentrations following the s.c. injection of progesterone significantly (P < .05) decreases pain sensitivity in two phases of the formalin test. This pain attenuation due to the co-administration of spexin and progesterone was more potent than spexin-induced analgesia. According to the present results, spexin has a modulatory effect on pain sensitivity, which becomes more pronounced by progesterone administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"45 4","pages":"349-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.12862","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35388411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obstacles and challenges for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: Australian nuances.","authors":"Miranda D Grounds","doi":"10.1111/1440-1681.12899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.12899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical need and historical approaches to tissue engineering as applied to regenerative medicine are introduced, along with comments on activities in this field around Australia, and then the huge advances for tissue culture studies are discussed (Part A). Combinations of human stem cells and new approaches for generating bioscaffolds present great opportunities for in vitro studies of basic biology and physiology, drug testing and high throughput screening for the pharmaceutical industry, and the advanced tissue engineering of organs and devices. The future here is bright. The major obstacles arise with in vivo application of these bioengineering advances using animal models and humans (Part B), and the complexity of living tissues and the challenges of increased scale required for clinical translation to the large human situation are first discussed. While clinical success seen with implantation of acellular bioscaffolds (with population by host cells) is likely to expand for human use, the major challenge relates to (generally) low survival in vivo of (donor or autologous) cells that are expanded and grown in tissue culture before implantation into the living body. Another major challenge is revascularisation of implanted tissues/organs at the human scale. The innovative approaches and rapid advances in tissue bioengineering hold great promise for overcoming these major obstacles and extending the clinical applications of these technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10259,"journal":{"name":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology","volume":"45 4","pages":"390-400"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/1440-1681.12899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35208606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}