Chinese Physics B最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering the capacity degradation mechanism in lithium manganese oxide batteries","authors":"Lin Wang, Shijie Li, Na Li, Wei‐Li Song","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/adc671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/adc671","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spinel lithium manganese oxide (LiMn 2 O 4 , LMO) emerges as a promising cathode material for future stationary energy storage applications due to its high voltage, safety, cost-effectiveness, and electrochemical performance. However, LMO suffers from rapid capacity degradation caused by the Jahn–Teller effect, Mn dissolution and side reactions. The mechanism remains unclear and even contradictory across various studies, impeding the advancement of high-performance LMO and its widespread utilization. In this study, 14 Ah commercial-level LMO batteries were manufactured and assessed. The mechanism of capacity attenuation in cycle-aged cells at room temperature (RT, 25 °C) and high temperature (HT, 55 °C) storage cells was systematically investigated through the application of electrochemical quantitative methods. The results indicate specific capacity losses of approximately 6.26% and 2.55% for the cathodes in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells, respectively, in comparison to fresh cells. These values are lower than the 12.54% and 6.99% capacity losses observed in RT cycle-aged cells and HT storage cells. While RT cycle-aging and HT storage conditions do not lead to irreversible capacity loss on the anode side. The results suggest that the primary causes of irreversible capacity degradation are not located on the cathode or anode. Nevertheless, significant polarization arises from the continuous growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), believed to be catalyzed by Mn deposited on the anode, which is considered harmful. This study elucidates that inhibiting the dissolution of Mn from the cathode, facilitating its transport in the electrolyte, promoting its deposition on the anode, and catalyzing the decomposition of the electrolyte are crucial factors for enhancing the performance of LMO batteries.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"34 6","pages":"066103-066103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147901530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A high light-yield neutron scintillator based on Ce³⁺-doped lithium glass","authors":"Ruiqiang Song, Chuang Liu, Yingqiu Long, Jifeng Han, Jing Ren, S. Qian","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/adb94b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/adb94b","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The development of low-cost and highly efficient thermal neutron detection materials to substitute the rare and expensive 3 He gas is important for applications requiring thermal neutron detection. Lithium-based glass (Li glass) is a promising candidate due to its simple fabrication process and low cost. This paper reports the optical properties and scintillation performance of a new Ce 3+ -doped Li glass, whose luminescence efficiency is significantly enhanced with a light yield of about 4770 ph/MeV, which is about 54% of that of BGO crystal, and the energy resolution is 14.5% for 662 keV gamma rays. The Ce 3+ -doped Li glass shows a high light yield of about 7058 ph/neutron, which is about 1.18 times that of the reference GS20 glass. The Ce 3+ -doped Li glass exhibits stronger gamma ray suppression capability compared to GS20 glass samples. Further optimizing the Ce 3+ concentration and 6 Li content is expected to achieve much superior neutron detection efficiency, positioning it as a promising alternative to 3 He gas for efficient thermal neutron detection.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"34 5","pages":"050703-050703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147888365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights to unusual antiferromagnetic behavior and exchange coupling interactions in Mn₂₃C₆","authors":"Ze-Kun 泽坤 Yu 于, Chao 超 Zhou 周, Kuo 括 Bao 包, Zhao-Qing 兆卿 Wang 王, En-Xuan 恩萱 Li 李, Jin-Ming 金铭 Zhu 朱, Yuan 源 Qin 秦, Yu-Han 钰涵 Meng 孟, Pin-Wen 品文 Zhu 朱, Qiang 强 Tao 陶, Tian 田 Cui 崔","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/adaadd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/adaadd","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report the structural, mechanical and electromagnetic properties of the intermetallic compound Mn 23 C 6 . The bulk Mn 23 C 6 sample was synthesized using high temperature high pressure quenching method (HTHPQM), and investigated in detail by x-ray diffraction, electron microscope, magnetization and electrical resistivity measurements, etc. First-principles calculation based on density functional theory ab intio simulation was carried out to calculate the bonding and electromagnetic properties of Mn 23 C 6 . Based on our experimental and simulated results, the Mn 23 C 6 in this work is single phase of a faced-centered cubic structure with space group Fm -3 m (No. 225). Determined by SEM and TEM, the bulk sample consists of monocrystal Mn 23 C 6 crystals with 2–15 μm grain sizes, it is the quick quenching method in the synthesizing process that brings such small crystal grain size. Archimedes method gives its density of 7.14 g/cm 3 , 95.74% of its theoretically calculated density 7.458 g/cm 3 . Owing to the abundant Mn 3d electrons and a framework of strongly linked Mn atoms in Mn 23 C 6 , the electrical conductivity is up to 8.47 × 10 −4 Ω⋅m, which shows that Mn 23 C 6 is a good conductor. Our magnetic susceptibility analyses reveal a magnetization peak in the M – T curve at 104 K, combined with the M – H curve and Curie–Weiss law, this peak usually means the transformation between paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic orders. To gain an insight into the mechanism of the magnetic phase transition, we calculated the magnetic properties, and the results show that different from normal antiferromagnetic order, the magnetic orders in Mn 23 C 6 consist of three parts, the direct ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange coupling interactions between Mn atoms, and the indirect antiferromagnetic super-exchange interaction between Mn and C atoms. Therefore, we reveal that the Mn 23 C 6 is a complex magnetic competition system including different magnetic orders and interactions, instead of the normal long-range antiferromagnetic order.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"34 3","pages":"037101-037101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147896565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-situ deposited anti-aging TiN capping layer for Nb superconducting quantum circuits","authors":"Hao-Ran Tao, Lei Du, Liang-Liang Guo, Yong Chen, Hai-Feng Zhang, Xiao-Yan Yang, Guo-Liang Xu, Chi Zhang, Zhi-Long Jia, Peng Duan, Guo-Ping Guo","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/ad6a3c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ad6a3c","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of Nb superconducting quantum devices is predominantly limited by dielectric loss at the metal–air interface, where Nb₂O₅ is considered the main loss source. Here, we suppress the formation of native oxides by <italic toggle=\"yes\">in-situ</italic> deposition of a TiN capping layer on the Nb film. With TiN capping layers, no Nb₂O₅ forms on the surface of the Nb film. The quality factor <italic toggle=\"yes\">Q</italic>_i of the Nb resonator increases from 5.6 × 10⁵ to 7.9 × 10⁵ at low input power and from 6.8 × 10⁶ to 1.1 × 10⁷ at high input power. Furthermore, the TiN capping layer also shows good aging resistance in Nb resonator devices, with no significant performance fluctuations after one month of aging. These findings highlight the effectiveness of TiN capping layers in enhancing the performance and longevity of Nb superconducting quantum devices.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging a force field via an optically levitated nanoparticle array","authors":"Bihu Lv, Jiandong Zhang, Chuang Li","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/ad6b86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ad6b86","url":null,"abstract":"Levitated optomechanical systems represent an excellent candidate platform for force and acceleration sensing. We propose a force-sensing protocol utilizing an optically levitated nanoparticle array. In our scheme, <italic toggle=\"yes\">N</italic> nanoparticles are trapped in an optical cavity using holographic optical tweezers. An external laser drives the cavity, exciting <italic toggle=\"yes\">N</italic> cavity modes interacting simultaneously with the <italic toggle=\"yes\">N</italic> nanoparticles. The optomechanical interaction encodes the information of the force acting on each nanoparticle onto the intracavity photons, which can be detected directly at the output ports of the cavity. Consequently, our protocol enables real-time imaging of a force field.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling and characterization of a Si/SiGe triple quantum dot array with a microwave resonator","authors":"Shun-Li Jiang, Tian-Yi Jiang, Yong-Qiang Xu, Rui Wu, Tian-Yue Hao, Shu-Kun Ye, Ran-Ran Cai, Bao-Chuan Wang, Hai-Ou Li, Gang Cao, Guo-Ping Guo","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/ad711d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ad711d","url":null,"abstract":"Scaling up spin qubits in silicon-based quantum dots is one of the pivotal challenges in achieving large-scale semiconductor quantum computation. To satisfy the connectivity requirements and reduce the lithographic complexity, utilizing the qubit array structure and the circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architecture together is expected to be a feasible scaling scheme. A triple-quantum dot (TQD) coupled with a superconducting resonator is regarded as a basic cell to demonstrate this extension scheme. In this article, we investigate a system consisting of a silicon TQD and a high-impedance TiN coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator. The TQD can couple to the resonator via the right double-quantum dot (RDQD), which reaches the strong coupling regime with a charge–photon coupling strength of <italic toggle=\"yes\">g</italic>₀/(2<italic toggle=\"yes\">π</italic>) = 175 MHz. Moreover, we illustrate the high tunability of the TQD through the characterization of stability diagrams, quadruple points (QPs), and the quantum cellular automata (QCA) process. Our results contribute to fostering the exploration of silicon-based qubit integration.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical insights into the structures and fundamental properties of pnictogen nitrides","authors":"Jingjing Wang, Panlong Kong, Dingmei Zhang, Defang Gao, Zaifu Jiang, Wei Dai","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/ad6a07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ad6a07","url":null,"abstract":"Recent experimental advancements reported a chemical reaction between antimony and nitrogen under high temperature and high pressure, yielding crystalline antimony nitride (Sb₃N₅) with an orthorhombic structure. Motivated by this statement, we calculate the stability, elastic properties, electronic properties and energy density of the <italic toggle=\"yes\">Cmc</italic>2₁ structure for pnictogen nitrides <italic toggle=\"yes\">X</italic>₃N₅ (<italic toggle=\"yes\">X</italic> = P, As, Sb, and Bi) using first-principles calculations combined with particle swarm optimization algorithms. Calculations of formation enthalpies, elastic constants and phonon spectra show that P₃N₅, As₃N₅ and Sb₃N₅ are thermodynamically, mechanically and kinetically stable at 35 GPa, whereas Bi₃N₅ is mechanically and kinetically stable but thermodynamically unstable. The computed electronic density of states shows strong covalent bonding between the N atoms and the phosphorus group atoms in the four compounds, confirmed by the calculated electronic localization function. We also calculate the energy densities for Sb₃N₅ and find it to be a potentially high-energy-density material.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probing nickelate superconductors at atomic scale: A STEM review","authors":"Yihan Lei, Yanghe Wang, Jiahao Song, Jinxin Ge, Dirui Wu, Yingli Zhang, Changjian Li","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/ad6a0d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ad6a0d","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of nickelate superconductors, including doped infinite-layer (IL) nickelates <italic toggle=\"yes\">R</italic>NiO₂ (<italic toggle=\"yes\">R</italic> = La, Pr, Nd), layered square-planar nickelate Nd₆Ni₅O₁₂, and the Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) phase La₃Ni₂O₇, has spurred immense interest in fundamental research and potential applications. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has proven crucial for understanding structure–property correlations in these diverse nickelate superconducting systems. In this review, we summarize the key findings from various modes of STEM, elucidating the mechanism of different nickelate superconductors. We also discuss future perspectives on emerging STEM techniques for unraveling the pairing mechanism in the “nickel age” of superconductivity.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"73 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and magnetic hardening of low Ti content (Sm,Zr)(Fe,Co,Ti)12 magnets by rapid solidification non-equilibrium method","authors":"Xing-Feng Zhang, Li-Bin Liu, Yu-Qing Li, Dong-Tao Zhang, Wei-Qiang Liu, Ming Yue","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/ad58c4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ad58c4","url":null,"abstract":"The Sm–Zr–Fe–Co–Ti quinary-alloys with ThMn₁₂ structure has attracted wide attention for ultra-high intrinsic magnetic properties, showing potentiality to be developed into rare-earth permanent magnets. The Ti element in alloys is crucial for phase stability and magnetic properties, and lower Ti content can increase intrinsic magnetic properties but reduce phase stability. In this study, the 1:12 single-phase melt-spun ribbons with low Ti content was successfully prepared using a rapid solidification non-equilibrium method for the Sm_1.1Zr_0.2Fe_9.2Co_2.3Ti_0.5 quinary-alloy. However, this non-equilibrium ribbon did not achieve good magnetic hardening due to the uneven microstructure and microstrain. Then, annealing was carried out to eliminate micro-strain and homogenize microstructure, therefore, remanence and coercivity were significantly improved even the precipitation of a small amount of <italic toggle=\"yes\">α</italic>-Fe phase which were not conducive to coercivity. The remanence of 86.1 emu/g and coercivity of 151 kA/m was achieved when annealing at 850 °C for 45 min. After hot pressing, under the action of high temperature and pressure, a small portion of ThMn₁₂ phases in the magnet decompose into Sm-rich phases and <italic toggle=\"yes\">α</italic>-Fe, while remanence of 4.02 kGs (1 Gs = 10⁻⁴ T), and coercivity of 1.12 kOe (1 Oe = 79.5775 A⋅m⁻¹) were still acquired. Our findings can provide reference for exploring practical permanent magnets made of 1:12 type quinary-alloys.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum confinement of carriers in the type-I quantum wells structure","authors":"Xinxin Li, Zhen Deng, Yang Jiang, Chunhua Du, Haiqiang Jia, Wenxin Wang, Hong Chen","doi":"10.1088/1674-1056/ad5d99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ad5d99","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum confinement is recognized to be an inherent property in low-dimensional structures. Traditionally, it is believed that the carriers trapped within the well cannot escape due to the discrete energy levels. However, our previous research has revealed efficient carrier escape in low-dimensional structures, contradicting this conventional understanding. In this study, we review the energy band structure of quantum wells along the growth direction considering it as a superposition of the bulk material dispersion and quantization energy dispersion resulting from the quantum confinement across the whole Brillouin zone. By accounting for all wave vectors, we obtain a certain distribution of carrier energy at each quantized energy level, giving rise to the energy subbands. These results enable carriers to escape from the well under the influence of an electric field. Additionally, we have compiled a comprehensive summary of various energy band scenarios in quantum well structures relevant to carrier transport. Such a new interpretation holds significant value in deepening our comprehension of low-dimensional energy bands, discovering new physical phenomena, and designing novel devices with superior performance.","PeriodicalId":10253,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Physics B","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142209232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}