Civil Engineering Journal最新文献_第10页

Shear Performance of Reinforced Concrete T Beams Strengthened by Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars 用碳纤维增强聚合物条加固的钢筋混凝土 T 型梁的剪切性能

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-04

Hussain Hassan Alhilli, M. Al-Farttoosi

{"title":"Shear Performance of Reinforced Concrete T Beams Strengthened by Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars","authors":"Hussain Hassan Alhilli, M. Al-Farttoosi","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-04","url":null,"abstract":"The primary purpose of this work is to investigate the shear response of T-reinforced concrete beams strengthened for shear using the embedded through section (ETS) technique when subjected to a monotonic one-point load till failure. The experimental approach included an examination of the twelve reinforced concrete T-beams, including two reference beams without any strengthening and ten strengthened beams. The twelve beams were divided into two main groups, with and without stirrups. The main variables in every group were the spacing and angle of inclination of the carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars. The beams were strengthened in shear with CFRP bars inserted in the centre line of the section with different spacings and angles of inclination. The experimental analysis was performed to study the effect of spacing and angle of inclination of the CFRP bars on the ultimate load capacity, load-strain relationships, and load-deflection relationships. Results showed that the ultimate load of the beams in group one with inclined CFRP bars (45°) increased by 29.7, 22.4, and 15.5% for beams with CFRP bar spacings of 10, 15, and 20 cm, respectively, compared with the reference beam. In group one (with stirrups), the beam with inclined CFRP bars (45°) and a spacing of 10 cm has an ultimate load higher than that with vertical CFRP bars (90°) with a similar spacing by 2.6%. By contrast, the beam with inclined CFRP bars (45°) and a spacing of 10 cm in group two (without stirrups) has an ultimate load higher than that with vertical CFRP bars (90°) with a similar spacing by 2.5%. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-04 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139328568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing Sustainability and Economics of Concrete Production through Silica Fume: A Systematic Review 通过硅灰提高混凝土生产的可持续性和经济性：系统回顾

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-017

Ayedh Mohammad Alhajiri, Mohammad Nadeem Akhtar

{"title":"Enhancing Sustainability and Economics of Concrete Production through Silica Fume: A Systematic Review","authors":"Ayedh Mohammad Alhajiri, Mohammad Nadeem Akhtar","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-017","url":null,"abstract":"This review article addresses the problems associated with the carbon footprint of the cement industry. The PRISMA framework methodology was for data extraction from published studies. In-depth research has been done in the literature on using silica fume as a cement replacement in concrete production, considering environmental, engineering, and economic (EEE) factors. The strength, durability, and economic parameters results revealed a positive variation of up to 5–20% substitution of silica fume. However, most past studies reported the threshold at a 10% replacement ratio. A novel benefit-cost ratio analysis was also done in this review study. The benefit-cost ratio analysis reveals the economically beneficial effects that can be achieved in sustainable silica fume-based concrete with a (5–20%) silica fume combination. The benefit-cost ratio showed positive effects, up to 20% cement replacement with silica fume. Hence, the higher cement replacement with silica fume is also beneficial in terms of the benefit-cost ratio. Further research has been proposed based on the findings of this review study. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-017 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139325479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling of Heat Transfer in Massive Concrete Foundations Using 3D-FDM 利用 3D-FDM 建立大体积混凝土地基传热模型

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-05

Dina M. Mansour, A. Ebid

{"title":"Modeling of Heat Transfer in Massive Concrete Foundations Using 3D-FDM","authors":"Dina M. Mansour, A. Ebid","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-05","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing and modeling the thermal behavior of mass concrete elements has been widely investigated by several researchers. Lately, many contemporary finite element packages have embedded modules for analyzing thermal behavior. Unfortunately, these packages are quite complex and require experts to be properly implemented. This paper proposes a simple and practical approach using the 3D-Finite Difference Model (3D-FDM) developed by MS-Excel to overcome the complexity of the other FE models. The model is utilized to predict the thermal behavior of actual bridge pile caps (3D model) rather than the previously developed 2D models in earlier research. The results of the analysis are compared with the concrete temperatures that were experimentally obtained from the site. Site data was collected using 18 thermocouple probes (K type) that were installed in two pile caps. These thermocouples were installed before concrete pouring to monitor the temperatures generated due to the exothermic reaction of the cement, which occurs during casting and the maturity period of concrete. The readings were registered every 3 hours for 7 days after concrete placement. This research provides a comparison between the recorded site data and the thermal analysis based on the proposed 3D-FDM. Results proved that concrete temperature time histories at different locations of the bridge pile caps could be properly predicted using the developed 3D-FDM. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-05 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thrust Vector Control within a Geometric Sphere, and the Use of Euler's Tips to Create Jet Technology 几何球体内的推力矢量控制，以及利用欧拉提示创建喷流技术

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-011

Yu. A. Sazonov, M. A. Mokhov, I. V. Gryaznova, V. Voronova, Kh. A. Tumanyan, Egor I. Konyushkov

{"title":"Thrust Vector Control within a Geometric Sphere, and the Use of Euler's Tips to Create Jet Technology","authors":"Yu. A. Sazonov, M. A. Mokhov, I. V. Gryaznova, V. Voronova, Kh. A. Tumanyan, Egor I. Konyushkov","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-011","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to study the issues of choosing promising directions for the development of jet technology with the creation of energy-conserving technologies. The purpose of this article is to study the issues of choosing promising directions for the development of jet technology with the creation of energy-saving. Methodological approaches have been developed for solving inventive problems within the framework of training modern designers-inventors. A new patentable jet unit has been developed and presented, which makes it possible to control the thrust vector within a complete geometric sphere (when the thrust vector is capable of deviating to any angle ranging from +180° to -180°). For the first time, demonstration versions of a nozzle apparatus capable of realizing such flow reversals through annular channels are shown. The results of computer modeling of nozzle devices are focused on energy, production, and processing of hydrocarbons when distributing energy flows at process facilities. The individual results of the ongoing work can also be used in other industries, for instance, in the creation of small-sized high-speed unmanned vehicles for search and rescue operations. Proposals have been prepared to improve the methodology for solving inventive problems as part of the development of Leonard Euler’s ideas. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-011 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139327831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling Flood Wave Propagation as a Result of Dam Piping Failure Using 2D-HEC-RAS 利用 2D-HEC-RAS 模拟大坝管道故障导致的洪水波传播

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-010

Mahmood J. Mohamed, I. Karim, Mohammed Y. Fattah, Nadhir Al-Ansari

{"title":"Modelling Flood Wave Propagation as a Result of Dam Piping Failure Using 2D-HEC-RAS","authors":"Mahmood J. Mohamed, I. Karim, Mohammed Y. Fattah, Nadhir Al-Ansari","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-010","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been a serious request for innovative, accurate approaches to be determined and controlled for dam failures. The present study aims to explore and evaluate the flood wave parameters that result from a dam break due to piping failure occurring in the body of the dam and routing the flood waves. Mosul Dam, which lies in the north of Iraq, and a reach of the Tigris River downstream the dam to Samarra Barrage at about 470 km are selected as a case study. A two-dimensional Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (2D HEC-RAS) and the Geographic Information System (GIS) have been supposed to be suitable for development calculations of the flood wave parameters based on the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and land cover satellite images that enhance the calculations. The reservoir and two-dimensional flow area are delineated and incorporated with DEM. Manning`s coefficient for the whole area has been extracted according to the Land Cover satellite image, which showed that its value ranges between 0.025 to 0.037 with a correlation coefficient R2equal to 0.845 and 0.801 for the calibration and validation processes, respectively. The results of the scenario display a substantial performance of the maps produced from the model that represented the depth, velocity, and water surface elevation. All the maximum values of dam break parameters lie near the dam body and slightly decrease downstream. It is pre-eminent that the 2D HEC-RAS model is appropriate for analyzing and simulating the occurrence of dam breaches by visualizing the distribution of flood wave depth and velocities in two dimensions. Hence, the clear improvement in producing maps, which monitor the spread of hydrodynamic waves, gives an indication of risk areas that are threatened by inundation and aids in the formulation of emergency plans. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-010 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139329372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Case Study on Reducing Traffic Congestion–Proposals to Improve Current Conditions 减少交通拥堵案例研究--改善目前状况的建议

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-07

Iman Talib, Z. Nassrullah, L. Abduljaleel

{"title":"A Case Study on Reducing Traffic Congestion–Proposals to Improve Current Conditions","authors":"Iman Talib, Z. Nassrullah, L. Abduljaleel","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-10-07","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic congestion has been considered one of the most serious global issues confronting all nations in recent years. Basrah City’s highways in general, and particularly the highways surrounding and leading to the University of Basrah, the campus of Bab Azzubair, and the college complex, have experienced traffic congestion and higher delays. The focus of this study is to propose some solutions to mitigate traffic congestion and higher delays on these highways. Field traffic data and questionnaires where SPSS was used to analyse the collected data, and Highway Capacity Software (HCS 2010) was used to assess the level of service (LOS) on the highways. The results showed that the LOS reaches level F on Baghdad Street, while other streets range from level B to level C. Two proposals have been suggested to improve the LOS on Baghdad Street: (1) applying a park-and-ride system; and (2) widening Baghdad Street by adding two lanes in each direction. The LOS for both proposals has been evaluated, and the results showed that the first proposal performed better. The analysis of the collected data also showed that public transportation services are very limited on the highways surrounding and leading to the Bab Azzubair campus. Therefore, public transportation services should be promoted and enhanced in Basrah City. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-07 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139331217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Class F Fly Ash on Strength Properties of Concrete F类粉煤灰对混凝土强度性能的影响

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-011

Anjeza Alaj, Visar Krelani, Tatsuya Numao

引用次数: 0

Sustainable Use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement in Soil Stabilization 再生沥青路面在土壤稳定中的可持续利用

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-016

Danilo Lima, Jair Arrieta-Baldovino, Ronaldo L. S. Izzo

{"title":"Sustainable Use of Recycled Asphalt Pavement in Soil Stabilization","authors":"Danilo Lima, Jair Arrieta-Baldovino, Ronaldo L. S. Izzo","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-016","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses unused recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) incorporated into sedimentary soil from the Guabirotuba Formation in Curitiba, Southern Brazil. Different percentages of RAP, ranging from 0% to 80% by weight, were mixed with the pure soil, with and without the addition of pozzolanic Portland cement. Tests were conducted to evaluate the mixtures' compaction properties, mechanical strength, and expansion after curing for up to 28 days. The results showed that adding RAP improved the mixtures' unconfined compressive strength (qu) and splitting tensile strength (qt). Up to 60% RAP, the qu increased by 260 kPa, and the qt increased by 340 kPa compared to the pure soil. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests demonstrated an 18.62% improvement when 80% RAP was added to the untreated soil. In addition, the RAP also reduced the expansion of the compacted blends, with values decreasing from 1.19% to 0.88% with 80% RAP replacement. The expansion value was further reduced to 0.86% when the cement was added. The cement-soil-RAP compacted blends showed suitability for subgrade reinforcement, meeting the criteria of expansion <1% and CBR> 2%. Additionally, 3% cement and 40% RAP mixtures were suitable as a sub-base layer, with expansion <1% and CBR > 20%. The results provide valuable insights into utilizing RAP as an alternative material in soil improvement techniques employing the novelty porosity-to-cement index. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-09-016 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135640550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Study of Machine Learning Algorithms in Classifying HRV for the Driver’s Physiological Condition 基于驾驶员生理状态HRV分类的机器学习算法比较研究

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-013

Siti Fatimah Abdul Razak, S. N. M. Sayed Ismail, Sumendra Yogarayan, Mohd Fikri Azli Abdullah, Noor Hisham Kamis, Azlan Abdul Aziz

{"title":"Comparative Study of Machine Learning Algorithms in Classifying HRV for the Driver’s Physiological Condition","authors":"Siti Fatimah Abdul Razak, S. N. M. Sayed Ismail, Sumendra Yogarayan, Mohd Fikri Azli Abdullah, Noor Hisham Kamis, Azlan Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-013","url":null,"abstract":"Heart Rate Variability (HRV) may be used as a psychological marker to assess drivers’ states from physiological signals such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), and photoplethysmography (PPG). This paper reviews HRV acquisition methods from drivers and machine learning approaches for driver cardiac health based on HRV classification. The study examines four publicly available ECG datasets and analyzes their HRV features, including time domain, frequency domain, short-term measures, and a combination of time and frequency domains. Eight machine learning classifiers, namely K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, Linear Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Gradient Boost, and Adaboost, were used to determine whether the driver's state is normal or abnormal. The results show that K-Nearest Neighbor and Decision Tree classifiers had the highest accuracy at 92.86%. The study concludes by assessing the performance of machine learning algorithms in classifying HRV for the driver's physiological condition using the Man-Whitney U test in terms of accuracy and F1 score. We have statistical evidence to support that the prediction quality is different when HRV analysis applies these three sets: (i) time domain measures or frequency domain measures; (ii) frequency domain measures or short-term measures; and (iii) combining time and frequency domains or only frequency domains. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-09-013 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135640383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing Artificial Recharge on Groundwater Quantity Using Wells Recharge 利用水井回灌评价地下水人工回灌量

Civil Engineering Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-010

Waqed H. Hassan, Zainab N. Ghazi

{"title":"Assessing Artificial Recharge on Groundwater Quantity Using Wells Recharge","authors":"Waqed H. Hassan, Zainab N. Ghazi","doi":"10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28991/cej-2023-09-09-010","url":null,"abstract":"In arid and semi-arid countries like Iraq, which suffer from water scarcity due to the effects of climate change and decreased surface water flow, groundwater is considered a vital source of irrigation water. This study is concerned with the influence of artificial recharge on the rehabilitation of the unconfined aquifer called Al-Dibdibba, located between the cities of Najaf and Kerbala in central Iraq around 31°550′ N and 32°450′ N and 43°300′ E and 44°300′ E. Due to excessive groundwater pumping rates for irrigation, this aquifer has suffered from groundwater decline and increased salinization during the previous 20 years. By establishing a conceptual model in the groundwater modeling system software (GMS), a numerical model was made to simulate groundwater flow. Artificial recharge using recycled water (tertiary treatment) from Kerbala's primary WWTP was carried out using 25 injection wells. The model was calibrated against historical and observed water level data for periods from 2016 to 2017. Three scenarios to predict how the aquifer would act with artificial recharge of 5%, 8%, and 10% from the total daily outflow of the WWTP in Kerbala (100000 m3/day) were studied. The calibration model met the observed values of groundwater levels with R2 = 0.989 for steady-state simulations and R2 = 0.987 for transient simulations. In the final analysis of the simulation, the results show that the maximum predicted groundwater level was raised by the injection of treated water through 25 wells by 1.05 m for 5000 m3/day, 2 m for 8000 m3/day, and 3 m for 10,000 m3/day recharge pumping rates. In addition, if water were pumped into the aquifer, it might support the development of agricultural lands covering more than 93 km2. So, artificial recharge can be considered one of the important solutions to adaptation to the effects of climate change and desertification in Iraq. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-09-010 Full Text: PDF","PeriodicalId":10233,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135640545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0