CIS Iron and Steel Review最新文献

{"title":"Analytical calculation of sheet curvature in four-roll mills at tubes production","authors":"V. N. Shinkin","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"Stationary bending of sheet metal on the electromechanical rolling mills demonstrates high productivity and efficiency, relevant for any modern enterprise. Regardless of the number of shafts, the operating principle of the mills is not complicated. The sheet blank is installed in the gap between the shafts, which rotate in different directions. Passing between the cylinders, the sheet bends and takes the desired shape. The main assortment of finished products, produced with the help of rollers, are details in the form of a cylinder, cone or oval. The cold bending method, which is the basis of the working process, does not destroy the metal and does not have a negative influence on its structure, as it sometimes happens during prolonged thermal exposure on metal alloys. The popularity of roller mills is largely due to their relatively low cost, as well as minimal outlay on maintenance and exploitation. If the company needs a cheaper and more economical mills, it is worth paying attention to manual models. For larger companies, the four-roller mills equipped with CNC-systems and operating in automatic regime are recommended. Modern models, produced by leading manufacturers, are favorably distinguished by visibility and ease of exploita-tion, attractive design, guaranteed safety and reliability. Such equipment is in demand in mass production, where high productivity and trouble-free operation of mills are appreciated. It is impossible to guess the sheet blank curvature in rolling new type of tube. This paper is devoted to the solution of this important problem and to analytical calculation of blank curvature in the four-roller mills.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43179639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features and regularities in formation of diffusion nickel-copper coatings on steels in the medium of low-melting liquid-metal solutions","authors":"A. Sokolov, E. E. Bobylev","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42515148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of rail steel structural elements via the method of atomic force microscopy","authors":"A. E. Balanovskiy, M. G. Shtaiger, V. V. Kondratyev, A. Karlina","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.16","url":null,"abstract":"The distance between pearlite plates is an important parameter for control of ductility and deformation strength-ening of carbon steels. Most methods of optical end electronic microscopy for measuring the distances between cementite and pearlite plates in pearlite steels make definite complications when applying to high-dispersed micro-structures. At present time rail steels with pearlite structure are fabricated with interlamellar distance 60-130 nm. This research used atomic force microscopy (AFM) for measuring interlamellar distances of pearlite structure in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of rail welded joint. Qualitative evaluation of cementite and ferrite plates thickness was obtained for the first time, depending on location relating to a rail weld fusion line. The input of cementite plates in strength on the base of Hall-Petch equation was considered. Influence of the relationship between the size of pearlite colonies d p and thickness of cementite plates t c on metal destruction stress of a HAZ welded joint was assessed.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46791732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of aluminosilicate refractories after operation in the presence of fluorine-containing wastes","authors":"E. A. Sidorina, A. Isagulov, I. Kashcheev, K. Zemlyanoy","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.18","url":null,"abstract":"Samples of aluminosilicate refractory after operation in the shaft and in the hearth of a coke-gas cupola were investigated; this cupola was used for smelting of cast iron with spheroidal graphite using carbon wastes from aluminium electrolysis production as a reducing agent. Use of only fluorine-containing carbon wastes as a solid fuel in cast iron production allows to utilize hazardous man-caused wastes, improves the economic performance of production and has influence on resistance of fireclay refractories. the fireclay refractory was established, due to migration of these gaseous phases into the working space of the cupola with their subsequent removal with furnace gases. Additional development of mullite in certain zones of refractory was revealed, resulting by its synthesis from alumina that did not react during fireclay refractories manufacture under the mineralizing action of a fluorine compound. Use of fluorine-containing carbonaceous wastes as a solid fuel in cast iron production makes it possible to utilize hazardous man-caused wastes, improves the economic performance of production and has slight effect on resistance of aluminosilicate refractories in the conditions of a coke-gas cupola.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46973177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure, defect substructure and fracture surface of low-carbon alloy steel welds","authors":"N. Kozyrev, R. Kryukov, V. Gromov, Yu. A. Shlyarova","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42120583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophysical processes in dry granulation of metallurgical slags","authors":"S. Panchenko, M. Dli, M. Chernovalova, N. Kulyasov","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.21","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical model for theoretical analysis of thermophysical processes of melt drops solidification is examined during their motion inside cooling gas, applying to granulation task. The heat exchange equations during granulation, taking into account convection, heat conductivity in solid phase and Stefan conditions on the boundary of phase transition, are presented. The relationships characterizing correlation of the power exchange parameters in dispersed medium are obtained in the conditions of phase transition in melt drops inside gas phase flow. Analytical relationships allow to consider correlation of the parameters which characterize granulation process, to provide directions of efficient conduction of the processes for achieving the preset aims and to reveal the conditions for optimal technological parameters of the process. Speed of the power exchange processes determines the size of an installation and allows to make preliminary assessment during designing. Different motion modes for particles and gas are investigated. The variants for calculation of gas dynamic parameters of straight flying trajectory for a slag melt particle are suggested; they are based on solving the problem of particle motion in the gas medium, taking into account particle size, medium resistance, initial particle speed. Used relationships allow to assess the particle flying time, which is corresponded to the required time of particle cooling during its flying, and to choose programming conditions for motion of dispersed jet of slag melt. These conditions guarantee forming of solid crust on the cooled particle and possibility of size determination for a granulation system. Possible scheme of slag heat realization, allowing to utilize maximally the exergy of secondary power resources, is considered. The obtained results can be used for improvement of the existing installa-tions fir dry granulation and for designing of the new ones, as well as for optimization of operating modes of granula-tors, for their efficiency rise and increase of power saving possibilities for a granulation system.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42874614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On necessity of taking into account statistical nature of the objects using Big Data in metallurgy","authors":"A. Kudrya, E. A. Sokolovskaya, D. Kodirov, E. V. Bosov, G. V. Kotishevskiy","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.19","url":null,"abstract":"Several statistical restrictions, which are critically important for correct use of different Big Data procedures in metallurgy for attestation and management of quality of metal products are evaluated. Representative production control data stores for steel manufacturing technologies are used as the research object. This research covered wide grade and dimension range of steels: large forgings of heat treatable 38KhN3MFA-Sh steel, rolled products of 40KhMFA steel, sheet 17G1S-U, 09G2S and 15KhSND steels. Possible scale of variety of values distribution both for managing parameters and characteristics of strength, plasticity and toughness is shown using the coefficients of asymmetry and kurtosis. These characteristics are varied within the technological tolerance range. Accompanying risk during metal quality prediction and management, e.g. using the methods of parametric statistics, was evaluated for the case when this circumstance was not taken into account. The features of influence of a sample list volume on the results of statistical processing of large production control data stores and metallurgical product are revealed. It is shown how absence of common space of parameters restricts possibilities of classic statistics in metallurgy, makes non-effective the management “by disturbance” principle. In this connection, possibilities of non-parametric statistics, presented by Kolmogorov – Smirnov criterion, which is not depended on distribution of collection of analyzed sample lists, are evaluated. To provide objective selection of the areas with dominating type of relationship, it is necessary to take into account possibility of existence of different evolution scenarios for structure and defects along the technological chain (technological heredity) within the framework of rather wide tolerance range, as well as features of their appearance. Difference in the evolution mechanisms of structures and defects within the framework of separate technological tra-jectory is a cause of appearances of developed heterogeneity for nominal single-type structures which have, however, different scales, as well as accompanying quality dispersion (which is often essential). Taking this circumstance into account allows to find out the links in the system “managing parameters – final parameters of metal products”, which are not always evident during their search using generally accepted approaches. Development of the complex of rules for online management of metal products quality is possible on this base.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49363452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of factors affecting the safety of a blast furnace operation","authors":"E. P. Pototskiy, T. S. Lazareva","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"Blast furnace air tuyeres are one of the most important elements of the blast furnace design, determining the ef-ficiency of its operation. Formation of “dead man” on the hearth bottom, or in other words, ore-coke sinter is considered as an unfavorable factor affecting the safety of large-volume blast furnaces. The main factors influencing the formation of \"dead man\" are violation of normal gas distribution and \"cooling\" of the blast furnace. This work is devoted to determination of the effluence procedure of the gas-coal flow using the Glinkov criterion. It is shown that a bubble effluent flow prevails in large-volume blast furnaces, i.e. a stable gas zone does not form in front of the tuyere tip. The bubble effluence mode of the gas-coal flow contributes to the growth of \"dead man\", which, as a result, can lead to an emergence situation. Prerequisites for burnout of the walls of the tuyeres are created in these conditions, while frequent terminations of the blast furnace operation to replace the tuyeres disorganize the melting technology. The maximal temperature in the tuyere zone has been calculated in this work. It exceeds the theoretical combustion temperature in the blast furnace hearth, what can adversely affect its operation, because the likelihood of an explosion of the blown natural gas will increase. The resulting heat flow on the tuyere tip was calculated in the work, taking into account the \"dead man\" formation. This flow exceeds the allowable one, what provokes a massive burnout of the tuyeres and the tuyere cooler.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41823840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRIP steels: the features of chemical composition and structure, prospects of application (overview)","authors":"D. A. Gorlenko, D. V. Konstantinov, M. Polyakova, M. Dabalà","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.13","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a brief overview of steels prone to transformation induced plasticity (TRIP), which belong to the class of advanced high-strength steels (AHSS). The necessary set of properties in these steels is formed due to the partial preservation of supercooled austenite in the structure. The article considers the mechanism of TRIP transformation, which depends on the value of the temperature of the beginning of the martensitic transformation. It is shown that the amount and stability of supercooled austenite can be influenced by varying the temperature and time parameters of heat treatment. In addition to heat treatment, the qualitative and quantitative parameters of metastable austenite are significantly influenced by the alloying of TRIP steels, and the alloying elements themselves can be divided into several main groups (ferrite-stabilizing, increasing the stability of supercooled austenite and micro-alloying). In the final part of the article, the prospect of using TRIP steels in the aerospace industry is considered, where reducing the metal consumption of parts is a priority. It is also worth considering that the production of parts using additive in the aerospace steels a to the formation of a new concept for creating parts with a unique set of properties, primarily with high structural strength, light weight and the possibility of self-adaptation to extreme external exposures.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67409628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological basis for the process of application of diffusion coatings in liquid metal melts with use of electric furnaces with air atmosphere","authors":"N. Serdiuk, E. Pryakhin, A. Sivenkov","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2022.01.12","url":null,"abstract":"Diffusion saturation of the components surfaces in the melts of low-melting metals is the most efficient among known technologies for application of coatings from a liquid phase. However, as soon as this technology is realized at present time with use of special units with protective media, it restricts principally its wide practice. This work presents the results of examination of application processes for diffusion coatings in the melts of low-melting metals using electric furnaces with air atmosphere. Use of this process in shaft or muffle furnaces, which are widely applied at the modern machine-building production facilities, means introduction of the important innovations in the existing technology due to the effect of electric furnace oxidizing medium on quality of obtained coatings. Thereby two following aims of the conducted investigations were formulated: comprehensive study of coatings forming regularities with use of liquid metal melts in the conditions of oxidizing effect in electric furnaces with air atmosphere, as well as development of practical recommendations for elimination of harmful influence of high-temperature oxidation of melt and processing product on quality of coatings. Testing of suggested technological routes for forming of diffusion metallic coatings on steel products in low-melting metal melts using electric furnaces with air atmosphere is an actual problem. Protection of final melt and product surface from oxidation using different fluxes is proposed. Use of the mix of NaCl-Na 2 CO 3 salts didn’t provide protection of liquid metal bath and steel product surface from high-temperature oxidation. Use of Na 2 B 4 O 7 as a protective flux also didn’t provide efficient protection from high-temperature oxidation, because porous inhomoge-neously distributed diffusion nickel coating with thickness 9-10 μm was obtained. The best result was achieved using CaO-Li 2 CO 3 -B 2 O 3 flux. As a result, single-layered, uniform, porous-free, homogeneously distributed diffusion nickel coating with thickness 20-22 μm was obtained.","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45910292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}