CIS Iron and Steel Review最新文献

{"title":"Selection of laser processing parameters for hot stamping tools based on mathematical planning of the experiment","authors":"N. Chichenev, O. Chicheneva, A. Karfidov, A. Pashkov","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.07","url":null,"abstract":"die steel on operating resistance of working tool of hot-stamping machines, which are designed for hot stamping of roll bearing rings. Thereby development and optimization of laser quenching modes without surface melting on ejec-tors, in order to rise thermal fatigue strength of these roll bearing rings, are the aims of this research. Research, its results and analysis Development of the mathematical model of tool resistance from the effect of laser radiation was conducted via the method of mathematical planning of the experiment, using a full factorial experiment [11]. It was carried out in such way due to insufficient theoretical background of the problems of interaction between laser radiation and tool steels. Ejectors were taken as the subject of this research as the elements of die auxiliaries, which are most susceptible for wear. These ejectors are located in hot-stamping machines for hot stamping of roll bearing rings made of 3Kh3M3F die","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42133662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variational theory of crystal growth and its application for analysis of forming processes for metastable phases in overcooled metallic melts with eutectic composition","authors":"M. Dudorov, A. D. Drozin, A. V. Stryukov, V. E. Roshchin","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.09","url":null,"abstract":"Forming of metastable phases in strongly overcooled eutectic systems of multi-component metallic melts arises increased interest in connection with development and putting into practice the commercial production of amorphous and nano-crystal metals, i. e. at Ashinsky metallurgical plant, the largest Russian producer of such metals [1–3]. These metals are characterized by the unique mechanical and physical properties, first of all — magnetic properties. Conventional theoretical models uses assumption about local equilibrium near the growing crystal surface in description of crystallization processes in such systems [4]. However, this assumption is valid only in the case when crystal growth is limited by diffusion transfer of the components from initial melt. In this case phase equilibrium diagrams characterizing the examined macro-system are used for determination of regularities of micro-processes passing on the boundary “melt – crystal”. Growth of the new phase during crystallization of strongly overcooled multi-component metallic melts occurs in any cases with such high speed that crystallization front catches the atoms of melt components [3]. Thereby speeds of diffusion flows in this case don’t determine regularities of a phase boundary transition. The arising effects don’t correspond to the usual understanding of crystals growth regularities. In particular, deviation from the local equilibrium conditions on the boundary “melt – crystal” is observed [2, 4–7]. At the same time, these deviations have non-linear feature, and the methods of linear non-equilibrium thermodynamics become not valid for description of this system. In this connection, the new methods for description of such systems were developed last time [2]. The phase field theory [2, 8–12] can be noted as one of directions for such investigations. This theory describes a transition layer near growing nucleus via variational methods and allows to take into account non-linear effects connected with impurity trapping. Calculation allows predicting crystal growth regularities as well as determining the form of growing crystal dynamically. The authors previously developed the new variational approach for description of crystal growth [13, 14]. The advantages of this approach conclude in complex description of mutually connected thermal and diffusion processes in the system “growing crystal – melt”, taking into account the influence of non-linear effects on the phase boundary. The developed theory is used in this work for analysis of crystallization of dual-component eutectic melt in the conditions of deep overcooling. The developed mathematical model was applied for examination of Fe-B eutectic alloy having serious importance for many industries. The process of mutual influence of growth of crystals nuclei for several phases (i. e. metastable phases) is analyzed. The metastable analogue of Variational theory of crystal growth and its application for analysis of forming processes for meta","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41334504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technological aspects of wear-resistant coating treatment on the surface of a cutting tool","authors":"A. Litvinov, V. Buzko, E. Balaev, A. Goryachko","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.21","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that the idea of creating a layered nanocomposite from the highly hard phases Al2O3, ZrN, TiC, Zr (C, N), Ti-Zr-C, TiB2 is one of the recognized directions for solving the problem of thermomechanical wear of metalworking tools [1–4]. Thus, laminated composite materials have shown themselves to be efficient under complex loading conditions on other mechanical engineering products [3–7] and have firmly strengthened their positions in production. With a correct analysis of the operating conditions of the product, whether it is a part or a cutting tool, in particular a band saw blade, it can be found that this or that zone or layer can work for a specific type of loading. Consequently, it can be made from a material with characteristics that meet the given loading conditions. Thus, based on the analysis of the loading conditions during the operation of the band saw blade, the idea of a bimetallic saw was proposed, which is the correct way to solve the arising problem, but the main disadvantage is the presence of a welded joint sensitive to vibration, dynamic and shock loads, as well as the difficulty of obtaining a defect-free welded seam, which is also complicated by the criterion of weldability of many materials with each other and in general. An alternative can be the application of a coating on their surface of saw tooth by the method of ion-magnetron sputtering, which allows to significantly change the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material of the cutting edge of the teeth (which will be the material of the entire band saw blade spring steel). At the same time, the output is a layered composite with high adhesion, comparable in value to the metallurgical one. Obtaining a coating by ion-magnetron sputtering, which allows spraying thin films and is currently the most optimal technology for obtaining coatings on cutting tools, both in terms of adhesion and the resulting structure of the sprayed nanostructured coating [4].","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42319454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-temperature deposition process for black phosphate-selenide coatings","authors":"V. Aleshina, А. А. Abrashov, N. Grigoryan, T. Vagramyan","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.17","url":null,"abstract":"Oxide coatings, which can be obtained by thermal, thermochemical, chemical and electrochemical methods, are widely used as protective and decorative coatings on ferrous metals under non-harsh operating conditions. Each of them finds its own, the most appropriate area of application. For protective and decorative oxidation, the most widely used chemical oxidation method with the use of alkaline solutions containing 600–800 g/l NaOH, which makes it possible to obtain black or dark blue coatings up to 3 μm thick at temperatures of 130–150 °С. The obvious disadvantages of the alkaline oxidation process are high energy consumption, difficult working conditions and aggressiveness of the solutions used. In addition, coatings formed in alkaline solutions are highly porous and therefore can be used as protective coatings only in light climatic conditions [1, 2]. A more environmentally friendly and energy efficient alternative to protective and decorative black oxide coatings could be black phosphate coatings formed in low-temperature solutions. The relevance of the development of a lowtemperature process for the deposition of black coatings is also due to the following fact. It is known that to harden the surfaces of machine parts, the durability of which is determined by their wear resistance, they are thermally laser treated. In this case, surface hardening is the more effective, the higher the absorption coefficient of the treated surface. Processes for applying black phosphate coatings with a high absorption coefficient (0.8–0.9) are being developed especially for laser heat treatment. Known black phosphating processes are also high-temperature (95–98 °С). They have not found wide practical application due to such disadvantages as the instability of solutions and the irreproducibility of the results [3, 4]. Low-temperature deposition process for black phosphate-selenide coatings","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42353040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroflotation extraction of carbon material powders in the presence of metal ions","authors":"A. Gaydukova, V. Kolesnikov, V. Brodskiy, A. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.19","url":null,"abstract":"Emitted or insufficiently purified waste water from the most of enterprises, as well as production wastes of minerals development in mining plants, water from mines and pits are considered as the main sources of contamination of water basins. Inorganic and organic compounds, nonferrous metals ions are presented in waste water of electroplating-chemical production; they should be extracted using the modern methods. Sorption extraction of harmful components from waste water with various compositions has especial interest owing to its acceptability and absence of secondary contaminations. Activated coals (AC) are widely used in different scientific branches as carbon sorbents; among other applications, they are used in technological processes of adsorption purification, separation, extraction and concentration of various substances in gaseous and liquid media [1–5]. Waste water processing by carbon sorbent directly in the volume of processed liquid is one of the efficient methods of water purification [6–10]. However, use of this method is complicated due to the problems of consequent carbon sorbent separation from purified water. Analysis of technical literary sources displayed that sedimentation and filtration, mainly combined with coagulation and flocculation, are the main methods for carbon material separation from purified water; sediment tanks, tissue filters and membrane systems are used rarely. Retention is the most simple method for separation of fine-comminuted active coal from liquid phase. However, it is used very rarely due to its large duration (more than two hours). Forming of large and dense flakes during additional introduction of flocculants and coagulants in solution has a serious influence on particles deposition in the process of sedimentation [11]. Coagulant concentration in purification plants at large production facilities can reach in this case the range from 1 g/m3 [8] to 10 g/m3 [7, 12]. The effect of coagulant nature on the process efficiency is noted in the work [13]. Filtration is also used for coal separation from purified liquid. This method has several disadvantages, such as necessity of often replacement and regeneration of filtering materials, selection of filters for different sizes of particles. It is known from the technical literature that flotation method can be used for extraction of carbon materials, i.e. using various organic additives [14, 15]. However, it was established that extraction of carbon material via flotation is restricted sue to application of high coagulant concentrations or organic additives; at the same time, extraction degree of activated coal particles does not reach high values. Electroflotation extraction of carbon material powders in the presence of metal ions","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42573468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of aluminium and niobium alloying on phase composition, structure and properties of heat- and wear-resistant cast iron of Cr-Mn-Ni-Ti system","authors":"V. M. Kolokoltsev, E. V. Petrochenko, O. S. Molochkova","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45817569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of structure of high-strength cold-resistant steel after quenching and tempering","authors":"P. P. Polteskov, I. Yakovleva, A. S. Kuznetsova, N. Koptseva, O. Nikitenko","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.02.11","url":null,"abstract":"At present time it is expedient to use high-strength weldable structural steels with guaranteed yield strength exceeding 600 MPa for manufacture of lifting and transportation equipment as well as mining machines in Russia and worldwide. Technical and economical efficiency of use of highstrength steels concludes in lowering of mass and increase of constructions bearing capacity, as well as in rise of their service life due to increased strength and cold resistance (down to −60 °С) [1–4]. It was established based on the previously conducted investigations of the new weldable high-strength steel 20G2SMRA with increased cold resistance [5, 6], that quenching from the temperature 860 °С and consequent high tempering at the temperature 600 °С is the optimal procedure of strengthening heat treatment of rolled sheet metal. The developed technology included processing of sparingly alloyed 20G2SMRA steel [5] and heat treatment procedures [6]; it provided achievement of the complex of properties which meet the requirements in structural strength (s0,2 ≥ 600 N/mm2), plasticity and impact strength at low climatic temperatures (−60 °С) of the best foreign analogies. These analogues include Weldox 700 (SSAB, Sweden, EN 10025), Quend 700, Optim 700 QL (Ruukki), shipbuilding steel HY-100, which are delivered after quenching and tempering [7–13]. Study of the structure of rolled sheet metal from the sparingly alloyed 20G2SMRA steel with determination of the required level of strength and cold resistance was the aim of this work. Materials and methods of the research","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49221228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tube billet’s shaping on the pre-shaping press by means of punch with flat bottom","authors":"V. N. Shinkin","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42745897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blast-furnace process as a source of anthropogenic mercury emissions","authors":"K. Kogut, L. Tuz, P. Burmistrz","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.01.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.01.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48288396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labour productivity in the metallurgical industries of Russian Federation and the USA in 2010–2018","authors":"E. Sidorova, N. N. Nikulin, N. Vikhrova, V. Ershova","doi":"10.17580/cisisr.2021.01.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17580/cisisr.2021.01.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10210,"journal":{"name":"CIS Iron and Steel Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44326374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}