Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy最新文献

{"title":"Online Support for Comprehensive Archaeological and Geographical Surveys in the South of Western Siberia","authors":"Z. O., Sizov O., Tsymbarovich P.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-06","url":null,"abstract":"One of the current trends in archaeological geoinformatics in Russia is the creation of web mapping portals that integrate spatial and thematic data on the given areas of concentration of archaeological sites. As part of the study of the life support system of the ancient population of the Tura and Pyshma interfl uves (Tyumen region) developed a geoportal on the basis of free and open source soft ware. The server part developed on the basis of GeoServer, provides storage of the information and authorized access to it. Vector data is stored in PostgreSQL database management system using PostGIS add-in. Raster data is stored on the server as GeoTIFF and MrSID fi les. Th e technologies used in the development of the client web-application allow using it in modern web-browsers without installing additional soft ware on the user’s devices. Th e geoportal user interface is an interactive map of spatial data layers as well as map control elements. Th e general control elements include the zoom buttons, the scale setting on the available layer extents, the zoom slider, the scale bar, the geographic coordinates fi eld of the cursor installation, the button enabling the attribute information display mode. Th ematic content of the geoportal includes space images with medium (10 m) and extra high (up to 0.3 m) spatial resolution, AW3D relief model (25 m), topographic maps, UAV images of certain areas (orthophotomaps and DEM), vectorlayers of archaeological sites, hydrography, landscapes restoration, results of archaeological sites borders mapping using GPS-receivers, as well as the results of bathymetry survey. Th e layer of archaeological site (366 objects) contains attributive information including type, period, description, dating. Geoportal is a convenient tool for management and visualization of the accumulated information arrays for specialists without extensive knowledge in cartography and GIS.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128523718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnozoology for Archaeology: Results of the Study of the Modern Livestock Breeding System in the Steppe Zone of the Southern Urals","authors":"Rassadnikov A.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-07","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to a detailed study of modern livestock breeding in the south of the Chelyabinsk region. The article describes in detail the system of grazing and keeping livestock in the summer and winter periods in the villages of the Southern Urals. The main purpose of the work is to create an information basis for future archaeological and archaeozoological studies of the sites of pastoralists of the Bronze Age and more correct interpretations in the reconstruction of ancient pastoralism. The main research tools were interviewing shepherds and personal observations of grazing and keeping livestock at diff erent times of the year. The main form of grazing and keeping livestock at present is the pasture-stall system, which is quite variable depending on various factors. The warm period of the year is characterized by grazing in the vicinity of villages and stall keeping in the cold season. The study shows the wide possibilities and resistance of small areas of the steppe river valleys to grazing. The results of the study of modern pastoralism can be used in archaeological research in various studies that are associated with a settled model of pastoralism.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129694335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomsk Archaeological School in the Second Half of the 1970s — 1990s","authors":"Ganenok V., K. L.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the development of the Tomsk Archaeological School aft er its leader V. I. Matyushchenko moved to Omsk in 1976. Th e authors focus on the role of L. A. Chindina, who headed the school in the second half of the 1970s, highlighting her contribution to the development of the problems of West Siberian archaeology in the Early Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages. Having created an original concept of cultural and historical development in Western Siberia, the researcher promoted it as a specifi c research programme for her disciples. Th e authority of the Tomsk school was consolidated through holding the regular West Siberian archaeological and ethnographic meetings/ conferences in 1978–1990s as well as by establishing the Department of Archaeology and Local History at Tomsk State University (TSU) in 1991. The paper identifies some features of the development of the archaeological school at TSU.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116628290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Upper Paleolithic of the Lower Vitim (Based on the Data of Kovrizhka-III–IV and Bol’shoi Yakor’-I Sites)","authors":"Tetenkin A.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-04","url":null,"abstract":"The multilayer sites Kovrizhka-IV and Bol’shoi Yakor’-I, Kovrizhka-III (Baikal-Patom Highlands, Lower Vitim) make it possible to characterize the Late Upper Paleolithic (LUP) at the early, 19–17 Kyr BP, and late, 15–13 Kyr BC, stages, respectively. The high information potential makes it possible to highlight the culture and activities of the inhabitants in terms of lithic production and microblade splitting, living features, settling, hunting, the transportation of mineral resources from remote sources, sign-symbolic activity and art. Th e lithic assemblages of LUP appearance, in general, show continuity from the early stage to the late one. In microblade splitting, this is expressed in the translation of the Kovrizhka and Yubetsu-Bol’shoi Yakor’ techniques for preparing the wedge-shaped microcore and reducing the biface. For the early stage, chisel-shaped tools are more typical than for the late stage, for the late stage - transversal burins. On Kovrizhka-IV (early stage), the remains of dwelling features were found, art objects were discovered as well as numerous evidence of the use of ocher. Bol’shoi Yakor’-I and Kovrizhka-III (late stage) show various hearth complexes and specifi c structures made of gneiss slabs. Culturally and typologically, the LUP of the Lower Vitim correlates with the Studenovskaya culture of Southern Transbaikalia at an early stage, the Dyuktai culture of Yakutia, and the Verkholenskaya culture of Southwestern Cisbaikalia at a later stage. In the early Holocene, LUP traditions were continued in a number of sites. However, already along with the appeared complexes of the Mesolithic appearance.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131717325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Several Results of Bioarchaeological and Ethnoecological Investigations in Tajikistan","authors":"Dubova N., Filimonova T., Sataev R., Sataeva L., Kufterin V., Anatoly N. Yamskov","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-09","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes several topics of joint Russian-Tajik research conducted since 2013 in the Khatlon velayat of the Republic of Tajikistan within the framework of the Memorandum of Cooperation between the N. N. Miklukho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of Russian Academy of Sciences and the A. Donish Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. Th e text includes several interconnected blocks: archaeological excavations, ethnoecological study of the subsistence systems of the modern and medieval populations, and collection and analysis of human remains. Th e article gives brief information about the archaeological excavations of the Shakhidon burial ground of the 7th–8th centuries (Baljuvan jamoat), anthropological characteristics of the population buried in it and information about the economy of the population of the dekh Shaidon, where the site is located, as well as materials on other regions of the Republic.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129051518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of Metalworking Techniques for Copper and Bronze of the Tagar Culture on the Basis of Experimental Traceological Analysis","authors":"D. R.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-11","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is devoted to the reconstruction of metalworking techniques of the Tagar archaeological culture on the basis of experimental traceological analysis. A series of experiments was carried out for comprehensive research of the rock art in Minusinsk Basin. 23 basic samples were produced and nine tools were casted, which were then treated by cold forging and locksmithing. As a result, the techniques that were used in manufacture of 62 labor instruments and weapons were reconstructed. The technological chains were based on casting in two-part, including clay, vertical or horizontal molds, with following forging (stone hammers) and abrasion (sandstone, sandstone with wet sand). The tools and elements of impact weapons were treated by hardening forging. The surfaces of the penetrating purpose weapons (the points of the picks) were not hardened, but only sharpened. The increasing of collection of experimental samples is scheduled.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"34 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123367604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Products from the Sargatka Culture Sites in the Tobol River Region","authors":"Prokonova M.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-13","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the presentation of the results of an analytical study of metal products from the Sargatka culture sites of the Tobol river region by X-ray fluorescence analysis to clarify the directions of contacts of the local population. As a result of the analysis, we have received evidence of the wide distribution of products made of pure copper (Сu), tin bronze (Cu+Sn) and brass (Cu+Zn) among the population of the Sargatka culture, and we also noted the use of rare alloys not previously identified on the materials of the Sargatka culture: leaded brass (Cu+Zn+Pb) and leadtin bronze (Cu+Pb+Sn). Such a variety of alloys indicates the presence of broad trade and exchange relations among the population of the Sargatka culture at different stages of its existence. The new data do not contradict the idea widespread in the literature about the receipt of ingots and products made of pure copper from Itkul metallurgists, as well as things made of bronze with a high tin content from Central Asia, the Volga region, the Cisurals, the eastern regions of Siberia, Altai and Transbaikal. The new material allowed us to draw a conclusion about the origin of lead-tin bronze products from the Xiongnu of Transbaikal, and jewelry made of double and three-component leaded brass from the population of the Kushan period of Northern Bactria.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123505286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kashi Pottery from the Podymalovo-1 Settlement (Based on the Results of Excavations in 2019).","authors":"Tuzbekov A.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-09","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the Kashin ceramics discovered during the excavations of the Podymalovo-1 settlement in 2019.The first classification of fragments of glazed dishes discovered at this settlement in 2017 was carried out by E.V. Kamaleev. The researcher was able to characterize 16 identified shards, on the basis of which he dated it to the end of the 13th - 14th centuries both as individual cultural strata and the studied complexes. In 2019, during the excavations carried out at the site, A.I. Tuzbekov managed to find 28 more fragments of Kashin dishes. Most of the dishes were heavily fragmented; they had lost their original appearance. However, using the classification developed by V.Yu. Kovalem for glazed ceramics, based on the principle of the primacy of the features of the function of ceramics and the technology of its production in comparison with the features of decor and morphology, the researcher was able to analyze the identified fragments, date individual layers and complexes to the middle — 2nd half of the 14th century and to draw a conclusion about the presence of trade relations of the inhabitants of the settlement with the large urban centers of the Volga region.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132086839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miniature Clay Products of the Imenkovo Culture in the 6th–7th Centuries AD","authors":"R. K.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with miniature clay products of the Imenkovo culture. They are often mentioned in publications of finds both from the Imenkovo hillforts and from the settlements. At the same time, they are not found in the Imenkovo burial grounds. The research was based on a representative collection of miniature items from the Tetyushy-II hillfort in the Tetyushy district of Tatarstan. In addition, published materials from excavations of other Imenkovo settlements both in the Republic of Tatarstan and in the neighboring regions — Ulyanovsk and Samara were used. The author studied 124 miniature objects. They were grouped into four divisions. The first one includes geometrical objects (balls, cones, etc.), accounting for 22.5% of all finds. The second includes jewelry (9.8%). The most numerous (42.7%) is the third section — household items. Most of them are miniature vessels. The last section includes miniature images of animals (25%). All products are made of pure clay. They are well burnt. Moreover, almost all of them are either broken or have the loss of individual parts. Since the crafts were very durable, it is obvious that they were smashed on purpose. By their functional purpose, they were: 1) cult objects related to production activities (miniature figurines of animals); 2) magic crafts; 3) elements of ritual procedures; 4) household items (for example, drinking bowls); 5) shells for weapons (sling). In the latter case, natural nodules were used for the same purpose. The origin of most of the miniature vessels is associated with the Volga region. In the decorations and a number of types of miniature vessels, the connection of these artifacts with the antiquities of the Dyakovo archaeological culture can be traced. There are analogies in the antiquities of the Kiev culture. Miniature vessels with a round bottom are associated with cultures of the 1st millennium AD in Southern Cis-Urals. Some of the items of this complex were formed under the influence of the Sarmatian culture. All considered items are dated to the 6th–7th centuries AD. Thus, for the first time, the systematization of miniature items of the Imenkovo culture, their attribution and dating has been carried out.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127868675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Khirgisuurs of Yustyd: Multispectral Imagery, Experience of Using UAVs for Complex Study","authors":"Krupochkin E., Papin D.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-12","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the methodological issues of remote mapping objects of archaeological heritage using unmanned aerial vehicles. A section of the Yustyd river valley on the territory of the Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic was chosen as a polygon. The survey area in 2021 covered the territory of the right bank with the maximum concentration of large objects, first of all, khirgisuurs, which are distinguished by a variety of shapes and internal structures. For multispectral shooting of archaeological sites, an unmanned aerial vehicle DJI Inspire 1 (ver. 2.0) was used, a design feature of which was an additional mini-platform located in the rear of the hull. The platform was mounted for the installation of a Parrot Sequoia camera and an additional battery — a source of autonomous power supply for the camera. The process of photogrammetric processing of images was a computer automated digital processing of photographic materials with the subsequent creation of a mosaic orthomosaic. Agisoft Metashape software was chosen for photogrammetric processing of materials. The results obtained were subjected to index (thematic) processing of multispectral images based on a combination of green, red and near infrared channels. In the course of a comparative analysis of the constructed images, the following regularities were found. The MCARI index makes it possible to detect burial mounds and structural elements expressed in geometry (plan). Detection of various “anomalies” characterizing the presence of small elements in the turf layers is possible with additional filter processing. Thus, it has been established that multispectral imaging is a new high-tech tool for performing work: archaeological exploration, searching for new objects and clarifying the configuration of previously studied objects, when mapping stand-alone sites and archaeological complexes in general.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129139134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}