Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy最新文献

{"title":"Compound Bows of Altai Population in Rouran Period (Based on Materials from the Choburak-I Necropolis)","authors":"Seregin N., Tishkin A., Matrenin S., Parshikova T.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-07","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the publication and analysis of the compound bows of the Altai population in the Rouran period, found in the burials of the Bulan-Koby culture of the Choburak-I funeral complex. A series of objects of this site, located near the Elanda village of the Chemal district of the Altai Republic, have been explored by an archaeological expedition of the Altai State University. The authors systematized the bone (horn) bows from the burials of seven men (mounds 30, 30a, 31, 31a, 32, 34a, 38) and one adolescent (mound 29a). A comparative study of the available materials gives grounds to attribute these items to the 2nd - 5th centuries AD. A significant similarity in the design and shape of the bone (horn) parts of the published samples of hand-held throwing weapons has been noted. The obtained archaeological data demonstrate the use of long bows with symmetrical and asymmetrical base, reinforced by seven overlays, by the “Bulan-Kobins”. The study of objects recorded “in situ” testifies to the existence of the practice of placing “incomplete” (broken) bows or samples with disassembled overhead elements in the burial place among the population of Altai in the Xianbei-Rouran period. The presented materials expand the source base for a comprehensive study of long-range offensive weapons of the population of the region at the turn of the late antiquity and the early Middle Ages.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134211151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Functional Purpose of the Seyma-Turbino Bronze Spearheads With a Hook","authors":"Mikhail Yu","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-02","url":null,"abstract":"Spear, “rogatina”, was an effective tool to hunt bears, elks and wild boars. To stop the attack of a massive animal, people used various devices strengthened on the bushing. On the Seyma-Turbino fork spears found in Western Siberia, the hook located under the nib could also serve as one of the variants of such devices. The initial design flaw of such products was the fork located at the level (or above) of the connection line of the bushing with the nib. This is how the spearheads were modeled in the Rostovka burial ground, as well as in the Pyshminskaya and Priirtyshskaya collections. In the metallurgical traditions of Eastern Europe, the fork was replaced by a rhombic rhombic nib rod. On the territory of Western Siberia, starting from the original leaf-like shape of the forked tips, the Seima-Turbino craftsmen began to make specialized Theory and practice of archaeological research samples with a reinforced connection of a the bushing and a narrow feather. The relatively later appearance of forked spearheads with a narrow nib and a modified fork was most likely due to their main functional purpose - hunting.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129019623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient Ritual Objects of the Oka Plateau (Eastern Sayan)","authors":"T. V., Kharinskii A., Portniagin M.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-08","url":null,"abstract":"Sacral beliefs took one of the most important spheres in the life of ancient societies. The evidence of such beliefs can be recognized in stone constructions used for various ritual activities and differentiated by architectonic features depending on their functionality. Some of such constructions were found on the territory of the Oka region (Buryat Republic). One part of them has a four-angled, circular, or ring-shaped form and a diameter up to 2 m; the other had circular burial mound-like or flat configuration with a diameter of 3–6 m. The first excavations of the large stone mounds of the circular form were carried out in 1870 P.A. Rovinskiy near the Oka guard fort (archeological site Oka, locality 1 and 2). The researcher characterized excavated constructions as cenotaphs or sacrificial places. In 2020 A.V. Kharinskiy excavated other two large stone mounds at the Shasnur-3 archeological site. Based on materials from excavations reinforced with ethnographical data, we can regard circular mounds with the 3–6 m diameter in the Mountain Oka region as cenotaphs. One of the small ring-shaped stone settings was investigated by V.I. Tashak at the Zun Nomto-Gol-1 archeological site. Taking into consideration the ethnographical data, the setting from Nomto-Gol-1 as other stone settings with a diameter up to 2 m can be characterized as ancient sacrificial places devoted to the spirits — hosts of the local landscapes. Key words: ancient ritual objects, burial grounds, Eastern Sayan, Oka plateau","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130178372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of a Medieval Production Workshop at the Bytygai Settlement","authors":"Sakenov S., K. A., Burbaeva S., Bukesheva G., Rakhmankulov E.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-15","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of new archaeological data obtained as a result of the study of the Bytygai settlement. The site is located in the vicinity of the village of Korgalzhin, Akmola region (Republic of Kazakhstan). The materials obtained in the study of the production workshop are introduced into scientific circulation. The site, in combination with other objects, forms a single urban and technological center that exists on the territory of the Tengiz-Korgalzhin region and even the whole of Central Kazakhstan. The object and other structures investigated in 2021 at the Bytygai settlement have a set of characteristic features and signs of the Timurid architectural style and according to preliminary data date back to the 14th -15th centuries.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123910490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burial Complexes and Ritual Practices of the Yayoi Culture, Japanese Archipelago","authors":"I. D.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-14","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1st millennium BC in Western Japan, emergency a new cultural tradition, which was different from the Jōmon Period. If in an early stage (approx. 10th — 8th centuries BC), during the transitional phase, was peaceful coexistence between the Jomon and Yayoi populations, then during the period from the 7th century BC to the 3rd century AD we can see a change from the economy of hunter–gathering to the producing one (agriculture, animal husbandry); the emergence of new technologies (metallurgy), innovation in the funeral rite and the social structure of Yayoi society. As a result of the gradual expansion of settlers from the Korean Peninsula, the Jōmon cultural tradition practically ceases to exist in most of the archipelago, with the exception of local variants on Hokkaido and Ryukyu Islands. In a number of popular science publications, we can read that these events and their significance for the territory of the Japanese archipelago are to a certain extent comparable with the discovery of the New World by Europeans and the subsequent dramatic destinies of the aborigines. The only difference is in the scale of the territories and in the fact that the Europeans actually interrupted the evolution of state and early state societies in pre–Columbian America, and on the territory of the Japanese islands, migrants from the continent, on the contrary, stimulated the emergence of proto–state formations. However, the process of introducing a new culture and accompanying technologies in reality was much more complicated, differed in different regions of the archipelago in its dynamics and degree of continuity with the previous Jōmon culture.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127456685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the Raw Material Base of the Paleolithic Industries of South- Eastern Dagestan","authors":"Rybalko A.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-06","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of petrographic studies of collections of artifacts, Acheulean and Middle Paleolithic complexes located on the territory of the Darvagchay geoarchaeological region. Throughout the Stone Age, raw stone was a very important resource for the existence of ancient man. The lack of high-quality flint raw materials was the main factor for the conclusion that this territory was rarely visited by ancient people. Archaeological research over the past decade has shown the opposite trend. During the work, more than ten Paleolithic sites were discovered and studied. Analysis of raw material sources showed that there are several main types of rocks in the area of the sites. The petrographic composition of the collections indicates that the overwhelming majority of artifacts are made of flint, limestone and sandstone are isolated items. The flint raw materials used at the sites are distinguished by many internal defects, first of all, by fracturing. The raw material factor played a very important role here. All large, carefully designed macro-tools are made of sandstone and limestone. Mostly poorly designed small items are made of flint. Thus, the size, methods and intensity of stone tools processing demonstrates a direct dependence on the type of raw material.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116784294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Results of the Complex Study of the Kurteke Site (Eastern Pamir)","authors":"Shnaider S., A. K., A. S., S. N., Zakabluk G., Chernonosov A., S. R., Z. L.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-16","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of most of the archaeological sites of the Eastern Pamirs are known from lifting samples. One of them is the Kurteke rock shelter, that was discovered in 1960 by V.A. Ranov. At that time at the site there were distinguished two cultural layers dated to the Neolithic-Eneolithic and Eneolithic-Bronze period. This site is also interesting because on the walls of the rock shelter , directly above the cultural layers there are rock paintings of anthropomorphic and geometric figures. Modern data have shown that the first layer associated with the settlement of the site belongs to the final Pleistocene (older than 13 thousand years ago). In the course of the new stage of the study, palynological and carpological analysis of the soil, the study of undetectable faunal remains using the ZooMS method, and the documentation of rock carvings of the site were carried out. A comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the Kurteke materials showed that the stone industry presented here is typical of the mountainous part of Central Asia; the climate during both periods of human settlement of the site was arid, and despite the presence of cereal plants, no direct indications of their domestication were found; the faunistic composition of the site is represented by taxa typical for the territory of the Eastern Pamirs today; in the rock art there are images common in the territory of Central and Central Asia in the Bronze Age.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131096532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral Composition of Ores Used at Ustye-I, a Fortified Settlement of the Bronze Age (Chelyabinsk Region)","authors":"Blinov I., V. N.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(4).-10","url":null,"abstract":"At the fortified settlement of the Bronze Age, Ustye-I (South Trans-Urals), metal products of copper, arsenic and tin bronzes, numerous fragments of metallurgical slags, as well as fragments of copper ores have been discovered. According to the results of early studies, pure copper predominates among metal items (53.4% of finds), but also a significant part contains an admixture of arsenic (25.4% of finds), tin (13.6% of finds) and both components simultaneously (7.6% of finds). Several alloying components of the samples are simultaneously found in slags: Pb (50% of cases), As (49% of cases), Zn (40% of cases), Bi (38% of cases), Sn (7% of cases), Ni (4% of cases), Sb (1% of cases). To identify the relationship between the incoming raw materials and the received metal, 15 ore samples were examined. The ores studied are ‘gravelly’ clasts with a size of 5 mm to several centimeters, and ‘sandy’ ores with a size of 2–3 mm. According to their mineral composition, ores are subdivided into malachite, azurite, and limonite. The main copper minerals are malachite and azurite; chrysocolla is found occasionally, chalcopyrite, cuprite are rarely found. Copper is bound to Fe- and Mn-hydroxides. We have identified copper slag fragments in ‘sandy’ ores. In all types of ores, natural alloying components are very rare and are represented by Pb and Zn. These elements can form their own minerals (mottramit, a mineral of the plumbogummite family) or act as an impurity to malachite (up to 0.62 wt% ZnO), azurite (up to 1.12 ZnO and up to 2.37 PbO), iron hydroxides (up to 2.66 ZnO and up to 2.02 PbO) or manganese hydroxides (up to 0.41 ZnO and up to 9.48 PbO). No As and Sn impurities were found. The presence of numerous fragments of brown iron ore at the settlement, the close location of copper mines indicates that the settlers were engaged in the extraction and processing of copper ore. The widespread occurrence of ores, consisting mainly of malachite and azurite, indicates that the ores were mined from the upper parts of the oxidation zone, and the metal smelted from these ores must correspond to pure copper. The distribution of Pb and Zn impurities indicates that some of the copper ores originate from the oxidation zones of pyrite ores or deposits of other formational types with a similar ore composition. The difference in the compositions of the ores found at the settlement and the compositions of slag and metal is associated with several sources of ores. The sources of copper ores could be mines located near the settlement. Arsenic-bearing ores could have come from mines in adjacent areas. Tin ores were brought in as a result of trans-regional exchange with the Central Asian region.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"abs/1803.04578 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125247009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeological Jubilrr on the Occasion of the Centenary of Birth of Betty Meggers (1921–2012)","authors":"G. T., Tabarev A.","doi":"10.14258/TPAI(2021)1(33).-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/TPAI(2021)1(33).-12","url":null,"abstract":"This article is related to the 100th anniversary of the birth of the world famous North American archaeologist Betty Jane Meggers (1921–2012), who made an invaluable contribution to the study of archaeological antiquities in Ecuador, Brazil, Venezuela, Chile, Peru, etc. Her long list of achievements includes the creation of a chronological chart for the archaeological cultures of the coastal part of Ecuador (in collaboration with Clifford Evans), remaining relevant today. Also, the name of B. J. Meggers is often mentioned in the context of the debatable hypothesis “Jōmon-Valdivia” which was made at the very beginning of the 1960s. It is focused on the possibility of transoceanic contacts between the population of the Japanese archipelago and the inhabitants of the Pacific coast of South America 5500–6000 years ago. This was preceded by a significant period of B. Meggers’ work in the Amazon (1947–1954). A brief outline of the first half of life and career of the North American researcher allows us to trace the main stages of transformations of her scientific interests. Keywords: South America, Brazil, Ecuador, Amazonia, biography, research history","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116132276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burial Constructions of the Population of Abrau Penninsula in the Early Iron Age","authors":"Malyshev A., Gorlanov S.","doi":"10.14258/TPAI(2020)4(32).-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/TPAI(2020)4(32).-05","url":null,"abstract":"Cultural and ethnic belonging and ethnogenesis of inhabitants of the Black Sea foothills of Northern-Western Caucasus is an object of long-time discussions. Patterns of funeral constructions of Anapa-Novorossiisk neighbourhood in the Iron Age could provide diametric different conclusions. Study of data of the Early Iron Age funeral constructions helps to discover traditions of the population of the Abrau peninsula of the Bronze Age, who used stone for burial places. Remarkable change of ancient tradition connected with replacement and assimilation of aborigines appeared after the middle of the 4th century BC with the distribution of the Bospor Kingdom influence in the region. Archaeological material demonstrates appearance of the local “ellinistic” elite and the cultivation of the steppe space of the Anapa valley by the settlers from theKuban region. They brought burial rite in ground pits and in tombs. At the beginning of new millennium burial culture became standard for all Abrau peninsula. Only in the necropolises of the south-west of the region it intricately intertwined with the traditions of the aboriginal population of the foothills.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114971023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}