Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy最新文献

{"title":"Archaeological Analogies to the Traditional Costume Elements in the Eastern Hindukush Area","authors":"Y. S., K. S.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-02","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes 22 details of the costume of Kafirs and partially the Kalasha of Hindukush which have close analogies among related ancient Iranian-speaking peoples of Pre-Islamic time. The Indo-Scythians and Kushans, who created large powers nearby in the 1st c. BC — 1st c. AD, have the most of such analogies. These peoples had an impact on the clothing of the local Indo-Iranians and, probably, participated in their ethnic history. The infl uence of the ancient Iranian peoples, who lived closer to the Hindukush, manifested itself in large costume accessories, as well as in headdresses and hairstyles. It is also easy to explain the presence of similar elements in the “world empire” of the Achaemenids and among such an active people in the early Middle Ages as the Sogdians. However, many details of the costume of the somewhat isolated societies of the highlands with their simple rural life did not find analogies in the ceremonial art for the elite of various Iranian peoples. Collaboration between a cultural anthropologist and an archaeologist seems to be important to solve this problem. New methods of such joint research are proposed.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115248036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of Indexing in Documentation and Mapping of Rock Art Sites","authors":"Svoysky Yu., Abolonkova I., L. E.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-01","url":null,"abstract":"In early 21st century, there were a number of tendencies in the search for rock art, mainly due to the development of digital technologies. The development of documentation and analysis tools (mapping of sites using drones and GNSS receivers, digital photography, three-dimensional modeling of individual sites elements) allowed researchers to start a continuous (rather than a selective) process documentation on the new technological base, using elements of a system approach. The next stage of these studies, to the extent that the quality of the documentation is maintained, is to accumulate knowledge about rock art in geographical information systems and databases. However, existing indexing systems of sites do not withstand the new digital reality and, for various reasons, are not suitable for use in digital information systems. The article summarizes the experience of creation of indexing systems in the studies of the beginning of the 20th — beginning of the 21st century. The authors present the principles of “topographic” indexing system, based on ignoring semantics and chronological attribution of images and thus separating the documentation of rock art from its interpretation.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127041465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dating of the Iron Buckles, Plaques on the Belt and Hooks of the Middle Ages Period from the Middle Volga Region (based on the Materials of the Ostolopovo Settlement in Tatarstan)","authors":"R. K.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-06","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with iron buckles, plaques on the belt and hooks from the excavations of the Ostolopovo settlement in Tatarstan. It existed in the 11th — 12th centuries. The Ostolopovo settlement was one of the settlements in the central part of the Volga Bulgaria, located on the way from the center of the state to the Kama River, which was the most important trade route of Bulgaria. The settlement was investigated in 1969 and 1997–2013. It is distinguished by a unique stratigraphy, which is associated with the peculiarities of the functioning of the settlement. This settlement existed for a short time — from the end of the 10th century to the second half of the 12th century. The heyday of the settlement fell on the second half of the 11th — the fi rst half of the 12th century. During the excavations, 40 iron buckles, plaques on the belt and hooks were found. The peculiarity of these artifacts was that they were made according to samples that came to the Bulgars from Southern Siberia. Their prototypes were items of the Askiz archaeological culture. Such fi nds are typical for the Bulgar archaeological sites of the pre-Mongol period. In addition, Bulgar copies of Askiz originals spread beyond the borders of Volga Bulgaria. They are found among the medieval Mari, Udmurts, Permians, Mordovians. Th erefore, finding out the time of existence of such items is very important for dating the archaeological materials of the entire Volga-Kama region. Well-dated layers of the Ostolopovsky settlement allow this to be done. The analysis of the finds showed that they begin to occur in the third stratigraphic layer, which dates back to no earlier than the middle — second half of the 11th century. It contained a few items from a belt with an iron buckle and plaques on the belt that adorned it. Most of the finds come from the second layer, which was formed from the turn of the 11th–12th centuries until the second third of the 12th century. They are notable for their improved form design, which also included decoration of the surface with ornaments and possibly silver inlay. Finds of this type are no longer found in the upper horizon of the second layer. Thus, the period of the use of the Bulgar derivatives of Askiz products in the Ostolopovo settlement is the second half of the 11th — the second third of the 12th century. According to stratigraphy, the greatest use of such artifacts was in the first half of the 12th century.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127637466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medieval Mongolian Burials, Investigated in the Egiin-Gol Valley (Northern Mongolia)","authors":"Tishkin A., Iderkhangai T.-O., T. D, O. S., Amgalanbat B., E. P., Bamchimeg B.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-12","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer of 2018, as part of a joint Mongolian-Russian expedition organised by staff from Ulaanbaatar and Altai Universities, archaeological research was carried out in the Egyin-gol valley (Hutag-Undur somon of the Bulgan aimag of Mongolia). The planned work included the excavation of four burials from Mongolian times in the localities of Ikh Khutul and Elst Khutul. This article presents the results of such activities in detail. Particular attention is paid to the recorded gravestones and grave structures, as well as the position and orientation of buried people. These data reflect the specifics of the implemented ritual in comparative analysis with the materials of other medieval graves discovered and excavated in the valley of Egijn Gol. There is a good prospect of studying and generalising information about archaeological sites from Mongolian times in an area which was planned to be flooded by a reservoir during the construction of a hydroelectric power station.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124570091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imagery of the Kurteke Rock-Shelter (Estern Pamir)","authors":"Z. L., S. N.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-09","url":null,"abstract":"The Kurteke rock-shelter images in the Eastern Pamirs were discovered in 1958. Later, in 1960, V.A. Ranov studied the paintings as well as the archaeological layers. After a signifi cant break, the fieldwork at the site was resumed in 2018 and 2019. Integrated interdisciplinary research led by S.V. Shnaider clarifi es the chronology of the stratifi ed Kurteke site, the paleoenvironmental features of the region and provides new data on the time of human occupation of the Eastern Pamir. Earlier, as part of general studies on this site, we published new fi ndings on the rock paintings presented on the two walls of the rock-shelter. This article focuses on generalization of currently available data on Kurteke murals. V.A. Ranov noted that the state of preservation of the images is extremely poor: most of them are not identifi able and look like blurring red mineral pigment. DStretch color filtering treatment allowed us to clarify some contours and details of the images, necessary for further interpretation. It is worth noting that some of the pigment spots visible without processing acquired clearer contours. The other part of spots neither in the field, nor on the photos without color filtration was not even recorded. Moreover, after treatment it is difficult to correlate the majority of paintings with concrete imagery and to find parallels to them.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128847739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kiprinsky Borok (Forest-Steppe Altai): Historical, Cultural, Technical and Technological Characteristics of the Ceramic Complex of Early Iron Age and Middle Ages","authors":"K. A., Tishkin A., R. P., S. N.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-03","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the analysis of the published materials and new findings, the archaeological complex Kiprinsky Borok has been given a general description, its various cultural and chronological objects have been identified, partially reflecting the material culture of the population of the forest-steppe Altai from the Neolithic to ethnographic modernity. The article presents the characteristics of fragments from ceramic ware of the Early Iron Age and the Middle Ages (Kamenskaya, Staroaleiskaya, Kulaiskaya, Odintsovskaya archaeological cultures, II millennium AD). With the help of technical and technological analysis, a common tradition in the use of raw materials (medium-ferruginized plastic clays) and mineral impurities (chamotte) has been revealed. For medieval ceramics, a small number of vessels from other raw materials is usually found, which may indicate the appearance of a new population in the territory of the site. The presence of recipes that reflect the mixing of cultural traditions in the choice of mineral impurities (chamotte + gruss) developed in different landscape zones indicates the mixing of the population in the periods under consideration (Kamenskaya and Odintsovskaya cultures).","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128415708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of the Composition of Metal and Patina in Bronze Rivets of a Leather Vessel from Kichigino-I","authors":"Blinov I., T. A.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-08","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates bronze rivets of a leather vessel from the burial ground of Kichigino-I. These products of a small size are intensively corroded, which makes it impossible to strip them down to metal. The study of the patinated surface was carried out by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) of patina and relic metal by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the analysis showed that the rivets were made of arsenic-tin bronzes with an admixture of lead. The patina qualitatively corresponds to the composition of the original metal, but has differences determined by the ratio of its components. Differences in quantitative ratios do not exceed 100% relative, the nature of the changes cannot be predicted. They can change both in the direction of increasing and decreasing the content of each of the minor components (arsenic, tin) in the patina. Comparison of the results of XRD and SEM showed that XRD reflects the composition of the parent metal with a certain accuracy, with a systematic overestimation of the contents of lead, tin, and arsenic.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123885532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tools on the Plates from the Pavlovka-I Settlement (Southern Western Siberia)","authors":"K. K., Kiryushin Yu.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-04","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the publication is to introduce into scientifi c circulation a collection of stone tools on plates found at the settlement of Pavlovka-I (Uglovsky district of the Altai Territory).The collection of stone artifacts kept at the Altai State University has 8851 items. The tools on the plates are 1244 pieces. Th is is the most representative category in the tool kit of the studied collection.A feature of the stone industry of Pavlovka-I is a representative series of geometric microliths and plates with an asymmetric end notch. In the composition of the stone industries of the settlement complexes of the Neolithic and Eneolithic of Altai, such artifacts are represented by single specimens and do not constitute any statistically signifi cant series.The paper concludes that the main array of stone artifacts of the Pavlovka-I settlement belongs to the early Neolithic.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121818777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Turkic Enclosure from the South-Eastern Altai","authors":"Mamadakov Yu., Seregin N.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-05","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the study of the materials obtained during excavations of the early Turkic enclosure at the Chichke-I site. Th is multi-temporal archaeological complex, located 13 km southwest of the Kurai village of the Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic, studied in 1982–1983 by the Ongudai detachment of the Altai archaeological expedition of Altai State University. Enclosure 159, located in the northeastern part of the site, was one of the studied objects. During the excavations it was found out that the basis of this structure is a quadrangular enclosure, the sides of which consisted of 18 vertically installed slabs. In the central part of the object, at a depth of 0.35 m from the surface, an iron bit, a stirrup, a knife with the remains of a wooden handle, and an animal bone were found. An analysis of the fi xed structures and a few accompanying inventory made it possible to date the enclosure to the end of the 5th — 6th centuries AD, with a possible narrowing of the indicated chronology to the framework of the fi rst half of the 6th century AD. Th e materials obtained during the excavations of this object expand the range of sites of the initial stage in the history of the Turks of Central Asia, and also supplement the still rather fragmentary information about the features of the ritual practice and material culture of the nomads of the indicated period.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125330752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Th e Image of the Turkic Kaghan in Small Forms Toreutics (Based on Materials of the Cult-Memorial Yeleke Sazy Complex in Eastern Kazakhstan)","authors":"Samashev S.","doi":"10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(4).-10","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the analysis of the preliminary results of the study of materials obtained during the excavations of the cult-memorial (memorial) complex Eleke sazy in Eastern Kazakhstan. The characteristic of the recorded stone constructions and found objects of material culture is given. The basic attention is given to the image of Turkic Kaganate embodied in the products concerning toreutics (art metal of small forms). It is concluded that Yelekesazin complex was built on the place where a body of the dead “appanage” Khaganate, who apparently belonged to a younger branch of “golden” Ashin dynasty, was burnt. The headquarters of this ruler could be nearby in the northern foothills of Tarbagatai. Further archaeological research will allow supplementing and clarifying the outlined historical, cultural and socio-political reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":102105,"journal":{"name":"Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121135517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}