Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association最新文献_第10页

Intramural Virtual Electrodes During Defibrillation Shocks in Left Ventricular Wall Assessed by Optical Mapping of Membrane Potential 膜电位光学映射评估左室壁除颤过程中的虚拟电极

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027103.54792.9C

V. Fast, O. Sharifov, Eric R. Cheek, Jonathan C. Newton, R. Ideker

{"title":"Intramural Virtual Electrodes During Defibrillation Shocks in Left Ventricular Wall Assessed by Optical Mapping of Membrane Potential","authors":"V. Fast, O. Sharifov, Eric R. Cheek, Jonathan C. Newton, R. Ideker","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000027103.54792.9C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000027103.54792.9C","url":null,"abstract":"Background—It is believed that defibrillation is due to shock-induced changes of transmembrane potential (&Dgr;Vm) in the bulk of ventricular myocardium (so-called virtual electrodes), but experimental proof of this hypothesis is absent. Here, intramural shock-induced &Dgr;Vm were measured for the first time in isolated preparations of left ventricle (LV) by an optical mapping technique. Methods and Results—LV preparations were excised from porcine hearts (n=9) and perfused through a coronary artery. Rectangular shocks (duration 10 ms, field strength E ≈2 to 50 V/cm) were applied across the wall during the action potential plateau by 2 large electrodes. Shock-induced &Dgr;Vm were measured on the transmural wall surface with a 16×16 photodiode array (resolution 1.2 mm/diode). Whereas weak shocks (E≈2 V/cm) induced negligible &Dgr;Vm in the wall middle, stronger shocks produced intramural &Dgr;Vm of 2 types. (1) Shocks with E>4 V/cm produced both positive and negative intramural &Dgr;Vm that changed their sign on changing shock polarity, possibly reflecting large-scale nonuniformities in the tissue structure; the &Dgr;Vm patterns were asymmetrical, with &Dgr;V−m>&Dgr;V+m. (2) Shocks with E>34 V/cm produced predominantly negative &Dgr;Vm across the whole transmural surface, independent of the shock polarity. These relatively uniform polarizations could be a result of microscopic discontinuities in tissue structure. Conclusions—Strong defibrillation shocks induce &Dgr;Vm in the intramural layers of LV. During action potential plateau, intramural &Dgr;Vm are typically asymmetrical (&Dgr;V−m>&Dgr;V+m) and become globally negative during very strong shocks.","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"28 1","pages":"1007-1014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87175202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 62

Ultrasonic Characterization of the Pulmonary Venous Wall: Echographic and Histological Correlation 肺静脉壁的超声特征:超声与组织学的相关性

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000026397.78200.C4

J. Cabrera, D. Sánchez-Quintana, J. Farré, F. Navarro, J. Rubio, F. Cabestrero, Robert H. Anderson, S. Ho

{"title":"Ultrasonic Characterization of the Pulmonary Venous Wall: Echographic and Histological Correlation","authors":"J. Cabrera, D. Sánchez-Quintana, J. Farré, F. Navarro, J. Rubio, F. Cabestrero, Robert H. Anderson, S. Ho","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000026397.78200.C4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000026397.78200.C4","url":null,"abstract":"Background—Pulmonary vein isolation with radiofrequency catheter ablation techniques is used to prevent recurrences of human atrial fibrillation. Visualization of the architecture at the venoatrial junction could be crucial for these ablative techniques. Our study assesses the potential for intravascular ultrasound to provide this information. Methods and Results—We retrieved 32 pulmonary veins from 8 patients dying from noncardiac causes. We obtained cross-sectional intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images with a 3.2F, 30-MHz ultrasound catheter at intervals on each vein. Histological cross-sections at the intervals allowed comparisons with ultrasonic images. The pulmonary venous wall at the venoatrial junction revealed a 3-layered ultrasonic pattern. The inner echogenic layer represents both endothelium and connective tissue of the media (mean maximal thickness, 1.4±0.3 mm). The middle hypoechogenic stratum corresponds to the sleeves of left atrial myocardium surrounding the external aspect of the venous media. This layer was thickest at the venoatrial junction (mean maximal thickness, 2.6±0.8 mm) and decreased toward the lung hilum. The outer echodense layer corresponds to fibro-fatty adventitial tissue (mean maximal thickness, 2.15±0.36 mm). We found a close agreement among the IVUS and histological measurements for maximal luminal diameter (mean difference, −0.12±1.3 mm) and maximal muscular thickness (mean difference, 0.17±0.13 mm) using the Bland and Altman method. Conclusions—Our experimental study demonstrates for the first time that IVUS images of the pulmonary veins can provide information on the distal limits and thickness of the myocardial sleeves and can be a valuable tool to help accurate targeting during ablative procedures.","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"28 1","pages":"968-973"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82285743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Clinical and Pathophysiological Implications of a Bicuspid Aortic Valve 二尖瓣主动脉瓣的临床和病理生理意义

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027905.26586.E8

P. Fedak, S. Verma, T. David, R. Leask, R. Weisel, J. Butany

{"title":"Clinical and Pathophysiological Implications of a Bicuspid Aortic Valve","authors":"P. Fedak, S. Verma, T. David, R. Leask, R. Weisel, J. Butany","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000027905.26586.E8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000027905.26586.E8","url":null,"abstract":"You are contacted by a concerned 34-year-old airline pilot with a leaky bicuspid aortic valve recently diagnosed by an echocardiogram that had been requested by his new employer as part of a routine medical assessment. He claims that he is perfectly healthy but is at risk of losing his job over his condition. He is concerned that his disease is hereditary and that his children may also be at risk. The patient, his attorney, and his insurance company have requested a statement from you as to the cause, possible complications, and treatment options associated with a congenital malformation of the aortic valve.\u0000\u0000The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital cardiac malformation, occurring in 1% to 2% of the population. The majority of BAV patients develop complications requiring treatment. Physicians are often challenged when asked to provide evidence-based advice about BAV disease because the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this disease are not well understood.\u0000\u0000BAVs are the result of abnormal aortic cusp formation during valvulogenesis. Adjacent cusps fuse to form a single aberrant cusp, larger than its counterpart yet smaller than 2 normal cusps combined. BAVs are likely the result of a complex developmental process, not simply the fusion of 2 normal cusps. In fact, congenital aortic valve malformations may reflect a phenotypic continuum of unicuspid valves (severe form), bicuspid valves (moderate form), tricuspid valves (normal), and the rare quadricuspid forms1 (Figure 1). \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Figure 1. A, Normal tricuspid aortic valve. The cusps (arrowheads) and the 3 commissures (arrows) are clearly seen. Three sinuses of Valsalva are also seen. The cusps coapt normally to give a functionally normal valve. B, Congenitally bicuspid aortic valve, with one cusp larger (asterisk) than the other. The cusps show thickening due to fibrosis. Two commissures (arrows) are seen. One raphe (arrowhead) is …","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"9 1","pages":"900-904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83394884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 724

CD40 Ligand Inhibits Endothelial Cell Migration by Increasing Production of Endothelial Reactive Oxygen Species CD40配体通过增加内皮活性氧的产生抑制内皮细胞迁移

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027107.54614.1A

C. Urbich, Elisabeth Dernbach, A. Aicher, A. Zeiher, S. Dimmeler

{"title":"CD40 Ligand Inhibits Endothelial Cell Migration by Increasing Production of Endothelial Reactive Oxygen Species","authors":"C. Urbich, Elisabeth Dernbach, A. Aicher, A. Zeiher, S. Dimmeler","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000027107.54614.1A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000027107.54614.1A","url":null,"abstract":"Background—The CD40/CD40 ligand system is involved in atherogenesis. Activated T lymphocytes and platelets, which express high amounts of CD40 ligand (CD40L) on their surface, contribute significantly to plaque instability with ensuing thrombus formation, leading to acute coronary syndromes. Because reendothelialization may play a pivotal role for plaque stabilization, we investigated a potential role of CD40L on endothelial cell (EC) migration. Methods and Results—Stimulation of ECs with recombinant CD40L prevented vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced EC migration, as determined by a “scratched wound assay.” In addition, activated T lymphocytes and platelets significantly inhibited VEGF-induced EC migration and tube formation in vitro. Because the activation of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase and the release of NO are required for EC migration and angiogenesis, we analyzed the effect of NO. Coincubation with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) did not reverse the inhibitory effect of CD40L on VEGF-induced EC migration and tube formation. In addition, EC migration induced by SNAP was completely inhibited by CD40L. CD40L, however, induced the production of reactive oxygen species and reduced endothelial NO bioavailability. This reactive oxygen species-dependent effect of CD40L stimulation was reversed with vitamin C or N-acetylcysteine. Conclusions—The activation of the CD40 receptor inhibits EC migration by increasing reactive oxygen species. The blockade of EC migration by CD40L may critically affect endothelial regeneration after plaque erosion and thereby may contribute to the increased risk for development of acute coronary events in patients with high circulating levels of CD40L.","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"48 1","pages":"981-986"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80458823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 211

Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Hypertension Are Attenuated by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antisense 表皮生长因子受体反义可减轻血管紧张素ii诱导的心肌肥厚和高血压

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000030181.63741.56

S. Kagiyama, S. Eguchi, G. D. Frank, T. Inagami, Yuan Clare Zhang, M. Ian Phillips

{"title":"Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Hypertension Are Attenuated by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antisense","authors":"S. Kagiyama, S. Eguchi, G. D. Frank, T. Inagami, Yuan Clare Zhang, M. Ian Phillips","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000030181.63741.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000030181.63741.56","url":null,"abstract":"Background—Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a vasoconstrictor but also a growth factor. However, the Ang II type 1 receptor does not have a tyrosine kinase domain that mediates the cellular signals for mitosis. We have shown that Ang II acts via “trans”-activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to induce activation of tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). To examine whether EGFR is involved in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), we inhibited EGFR with a specific antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to attenuate the Ang II–induced cardiovascular hypertrophic effects. Methods and Results—The antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to EGFR (EGFR-AS) was designed and tested on Ang II–induced ERK activation in cultured VSMCs. We also investigated the effects of EGFR-AS on LVH and blood pressure (BP) in Ang II–infused hypertensive rats. In VSMCs, EGFR-AS (2.5 &mgr;mol/L) reduced EGFR expression and inhibited the Ang II–induced phosphorylation of ERK. In rats, Ang II (150 ng/h for 14 days) increased BP compared with controls (184±6 mm Hg versus 122±3 mm Hg; n=7;P <0.01). Continuous intravenous infusion of EGFR-AS (2 mg/kg) decreased BP (169±8 mm Hg; n=8;P <0.05). Ang II infusion increased the left ventricular/body weight (LV/BW) ratio compared with control rats (2.75±0.08 versus 2.33±0.07;P <0.01). EGFR-AS, but not EGFR-sense, normalized the LV/BW in Ang II–infused rats (2.32±0.06;P <0.01) and attenuated Ang II–enhanced EGFR expression and ERK phosphorylation. Conclusion—Ang II requires EGFR to mediate ERK activation in VSMCs and the heart. EGFR plays a critical role in the LVH induced by Ang II.","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"39 1 1","pages":"909-912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77750289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 174

Impaired Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 糖尿病一氧化氮合酶途径受损:不对称二甲基精氨酸和二甲基精氨酸二甲氨基水解酶的作用

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027109.14149.67

Ken Y. Lin, Akira Ito, T. Asagami, P. Tsao, S. Adimoolam, M. Kimoto, H. Tsuji, G. Reaven, J. Cooke

{"title":"Impaired Nitric Oxide Synthase Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus: Role of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase","authors":"Ken Y. Lin, Akira Ito, T. Asagami, P. Tsao, S. Adimoolam, M. Kimoto, H. Tsuji, G. Reaven, J. Cooke","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000027109.14149.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000027109.14149.67","url":null,"abstract":"Background—An endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This study explored the mechanisms by which ADMA becomes elevated in DM. Methods and Results—Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed normal chow or high-fat diet (n=5 in each) with moderate streptozotocin injection to induce type 2 DM. Plasma ADMA was elevated in diabetic rats (1.33±0.31 versus 0.48±0.08 &mgr;mol/L;P <0.05). The activity, but not the expression, of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) was reduced in diabetic rats and negatively correlated with their plasma ADMA levels (P <0.05). DDAH activity was significantly reduced in vascular smooth muscle cells and human endothelial cells (HMEC-1) exposed to high glucose (25.5 mmol/L). The impairment of DDAH activity in vascular cells was associated with an accumulation of ADMA and a reduction in generation of cGMP. In human endothelial cells, coincubation with the antioxidant polyethylene glycol–conjugated superoxide dismutase (22 U/mL) reversed the effects of the high-glucose condition on DDAH activity, ADMA accumulation, and cGMP synthesis. Conclusions—A glucose-induced impairment of DDAH causes ADMA accumulation and may contribute to endothelial vasodilator dysfunction in DM.","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"2 1","pages":"987-992"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74507490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 705

Particulate Air Pollution and Risk of ST-Segment Depression During Repeated Submaximal Exercise Tests Among Subjects With Coronary Heart Disease: The Exposure and Risk Assessment for Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air (ULTRA) Study 细颗粒物空气污染与冠心病受试者重复次大运动试验中st段凹陷的风险:环境空气中细颗粒物和超细颗粒物(ULTRA)的暴露和风险评估研究

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027561.41736.3C

J. Pekkanen, A. Peters, G. Hoek, P. Tiittanen, B. Brunekreef, J. D. de Hartog, J. Heinrich, A. Ibald-Mulli, W. Kreyling, T. Lanki, K. Timonen, E. Vanninen

{"title":"Particulate Air Pollution and Risk of ST-Segment Depression During Repeated Submaximal Exercise Tests Among Subjects With Coronary Heart Disease: The Exposure and Risk Assessment for Fine and Ultrafine Particles in Ambient Air (ULTRA) Study","authors":"J. Pekkanen, A. Peters, G. Hoek, P. Tiittanen, B. Brunekreef, J. D. de Hartog, J. Heinrich, A. Ibald-Mulli, W. Kreyling, T. Lanki, K. Timonen, E. Vanninen","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000027561.41736.3C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000027561.41736.3C","url":null,"abstract":"Background—Daily variations in ambient particulate air pollution have been associated with cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. We therefore assessed the associations between levels of the 3 main modes of urban aerosol distribution and the occurrence of ST-segment depressions during repeated exercise tests. Methods and Results—Repeated biweekly submaximal exercise tests were performed during 6 months among adult subjects with stable coronary heart disease in Helsinki, Finland. Seventy-two exercise-induced ST-segment depressions >0.1 mV occurred during 342 exercise tests among 45 subjects. Simultaneously, particle mass <2.5 &mgr;m (PM2.5) and the number concentrations of ultrafine particles (particle diameter 10 to 100 nm [NC0.01–0.1]) and accumulation mode particles (100 to 1000 nm [NC0.1–1]) were monitored at a central site. Levels of particulate air pollution 2 days before the clinic visit were significantly associated with increased risk of ST-segment depression during exercise test. The association was most consistent for measures of particles reflecting accumulation mode particles (odds ratio 3.29; 95% CI, 1.57 to 6.92 for NC0.1–1 and 2.84; 95% CI, 1.42 to 5.66 for PM2.5), but ultrafine particles also had an effect (odds ratio 3.14; 95% CI, 1.56 to 6.32), which was independent of PM2.5. Also, gaseous pollutants NO2 and CO were associated with an increased risk for ST-segment depressions. No consistent association was observed for coarse particles. The associations tended to be stronger among subjects who did not use &bgr;-blockers. Conclusions—The present results suggest that the effect of particulate air pollution on cardiovascular morbidity is at least partly mediated through increased susceptibility to myocardial ischemia.","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"33 1","pages":"933-938"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90696847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 424

Stent-Based Approach for Ventricle–to–Coronary Artery Bypass 基于支架的心室-冠状动脉搭桥术

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000027106.88111.77

P. Boekstegers, P. Raake, R. Al Ghobainy, J. Horstkotte, R. Hinkel, T. Sandner, R. Wichels, F. Meisner, E. Thein, K. March, D. Boehm, H. Reichenspurner

{"title":"Stent-Based Approach for Ventricle–to–Coronary Artery Bypass","authors":"P. Boekstegers, P. Raake, R. Al Ghobainy, J. Horstkotte, R. Hinkel, T. Sandner, R. Wichels, F. Meisner, E. Thein, K. March, D. Boehm, H. Reichenspurner","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000027106.88111.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000027106.88111.77","url":null,"abstract":"Background—Ventricle-to–coronary artery bypass (VCAB) is an experimental revascularization procedure that provides predominantly systolic instead of diastolic blood flow to a coronary artery. Methods and Results—In a pig model, a stent-based procedure (VSTENT) was developed to create a VCAB. After thoracotomy, a covered VSTENT was implanted between the left ventricle and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Distal LAD flow, regional myocardial function, and intracoronary pressures were determined at different degrees of LAD stenosis and during complete LAD occlusion. During 3 hours of LAD occlusion, VSTENT preserved net forward flow at 70±6% and regional myocardial function at 71±8% of baseline. Preservation of net flow was influenced by the positioning of the VSTENT, with higher preservation also under conditions of increased oxygen demand if a “valve-like mechanism” was present during diastole. At a hemodynamically relevant level of LAD stenosis (>70%), systolic inflow was predominant after VSTENT implantation. Changes in mean diastolic intracoronary pressure that resulted from different degrees of LAD stenosis were linearly correlated to net flow after VSTENT implantation (r =0.88;P <0.001). Conclusions—VSTENT for ventricle-to–coronary artery bypass was feasible and preserved 70±6% of baseline flow during complete LAD occlusion. The degree of preservation was dependent on the position of the VSTENT creating a valve-like mechanism during diastole. Residual diastolic blood flow through a high-grade LAD stenosis influenced net flow favorably, because diastolic backflow decreased with increasing mean diastolic intracoronary pressure.","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"193 1","pages":"1000-1006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75851934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 38

Microvascular Structural Correlates of Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Implications for the Assessment of Myocardial Hibernation 冠状动脉疾病和左心室功能不全患者心肌超声造影微血管结构相关性:心肌冬眠评估的意义

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000026395.19594.43

S. Shimoni, N. Frangogiannis, C. Aggeli, K. Shan, M. Quiñones, R. Espada, G. Letsou, G. Lawrie, W. Winters, M. Reardon, W. Zoghbi

{"title":"Microvascular Structural Correlates of Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease and Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Implications for the Assessment of Myocardial Hibernation","authors":"S. Shimoni, N. Frangogiannis, C. Aggeli, K. Shan, M. Quiñones, R. Espada, G. Letsou, G. Lawrie, W. Winters, M. Reardon, W. Zoghbi","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000026395.19594.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000026395.19594.43","url":null,"abstract":"Background—Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) has been used to evaluate myocardial viability. There are no data, however, on the pathological determinants of myocardial perfusion by MCE in humans and the implications of such determinants. Methods and Results—MCE was performed in 20 patients with coronary artery disease and ventricular dysfunction within 24 hours before myocardial biopsy at surgery using a continuous Optison infusion (12 to 16 cc/h), with intermittent pulse inversion harmonics and incremental triggering. Peak myocardial contrast intensity (MCI) and the rate of increase in MCI (&bgr;) were quantitated. Thirty-six transmural myocardial biopsies (2 per patient) were obtained by transesophageal echocardiography. Total microvascular (<100 &mgr;m) density, capillary density and area, arteriolar and venular density, and percent collagen content were quantitated with immunohistochemistry. Peak MCI correlated with microvascular density (r =0.59, P <0.001) and capillary area (r =0.64, P <0.001) and inversely correlated with percent collagen content (r =−0.45, P =<0.01). The best relation was observed when the ratio of peak MCI in the 2 biopsied segments in each patient was compared with the ratio of microvascular density and capillary area (r =0.84 and 0.87, respectively;P <0.001). A significant overlap in microvascular density was seen between segments with and without recovery of function. The new MCE indices of blood velocity (&bgr;) and flow (peak MCI×&bgr;) better identified recovery of function compared with microvascular density and the sole use of peak MCI. Conclusions—Microvascular integrity is a significant determinant of maximal MCI in humans. MCE indices of blood velocity and flow are important parameters that predict recovery of function after revascularization.","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"7 1","pages":"950-956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90092660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 111

Assessing Myocardial Viability and Infarct Transmurality With Left Ventricular Electromechanical Mapping in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Validation by Delayed-Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging 用左心室机电标测评估稳定冠状动脉疾病患者心肌活力和梗死跨壁性:延迟增强磁共振成像验证

Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association Pub Date : 2002-08-20 DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000026394.01888.18

E. Perin, G. Silva, R. Sarmento-Leite, A. Sousa, M. Howell, R. Muthupillai, B. Lambert, W. Vaughn, S. Flamm

{"title":"Assessing Myocardial Viability and Infarct Transmurality With Left Ventricular Electromechanical Mapping in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Validation by Delayed-Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging","authors":"E. Perin, G. Silva, R. Sarmento-Leite, A. Sousa, M. Howell, R. Muthupillai, B. Lambert, W. Vaughn, S. Flamm","doi":"10.1161/01.CIR.0000026394.01888.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000026394.01888.18","url":null,"abstract":"Background—This study was designed to define myocardial viability and establish practical cut-off values for differentiating normal myocardial tissue from subendocardial and transmural scar tissue by using electromechanical mapping (EMM). We validated our results by delayed-enhancement cardiac MRI (DE-MRI). Methods and Results—We prospectively studied 15 ambulatory patients with stable coronary disease who were candidates for cardiac catheterization. Within 48 hours of EMM, DE-MRI was performed. Using EMM software, we created a bull’s eye precisely matched to that generated by DE-MRI. Segment by segment, we compared the MRI results to the corresponding unipolar voltage value for that same segment in the EMM bull’s eye. Of 300 total segments, 275 were compared. The segments were divided into normal (n=211), subendocardial scar (n=49), and transmural scar (n=15). We found that subendocardial (6.8±2.9 mV) and transmural (4.6±1.9 mV) scar segments had significantly less unipolar voltage than normal (11.6±4.5 mV) segments (P <0.05 for each comparison). When normal myocardium was compared with myocardium with subendocardial scar, the threshold for differentiating between the two areas was 7.9 mV (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 80%). Comparison of normal tissue to transmural scar yielded a threshold of 6.9 mV (sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 88%). Conclusions—Our results demonstrate that normal myocardium can be accurately distinguished from myocardium with subendocardial or transmural infarcts on the basis of unipolar voltage values obtained through EMM. This is the first study to validate these results by using cardiac DE-MRI in humans.","PeriodicalId":10194,"journal":{"name":"Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association","volume":"106 1","pages":"957-961"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87597366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 138