Problemy endokrinologii最新文献

{"title":"[Management of primary hyperparathyroidism with rare localization of ectopic adenoma parathyroid gland].","authors":"E A Aboisheva, E S Avsievich, M O Korchagina, M V Degtyarev, E E Bibik, D G Beltsevich, E A Pigarova, M S Sheremeta","doi":"10.14341/probl13425","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Topical diagnosis can be severely complicated in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) due to the ectopic placement of parathyroid gland (PTG) formations. We report a clinical case of PHPT in an 84-year-old patient caused by ectopic PTG adenoma located behind the right internal jugular vein at the level of the right submandibular gland. The impossibility of surgery for a long time due to the absence of a topical diagnosis has necessitated conservative treatment was required to get the hypercalcemia under control. In view of the concomitant deficiency of vitamin D, an attempt was made to use therapy with saturating doses of cholecalciferol under dynamic monitoring of the indicators of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, which allowed to achieve a significant decrease in PTH levels while maintaining normocalcemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Combination of Klinefelter syndrome and the classic form of congenital dysfunction of the adrenal cortex: clinical observation].","authors":"N I Volkova, I Yu Davidenko, D P Stavitskaya, E V Kudinova","doi":"10.14341/probl13298","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a defect in one of the enzymes or transport proteins involved in the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Virile form of CAH characterized by cortisol deficiency and hyperandrogenism. Klinefelter syndrome is one of the most frequent chromosomal diseases leading to the development of primary hypogonadism. The manifestation of these two diseases could cause difficulties in diagnosis and medical treatment that lead to adverse consequences and affect the quality of life.A 43-years-old patient consulted a physician complaining about the lack of erections for 4 years, breast enlargement. At the age of 3 years based on experienced growth of pubic hair, decreased level of 17-ketosteroids in the urine and genetic analysis diagnosis of CAH, virile form was suspected. Prednisone 5 mg daily was prescribed. At the age of 5, based on phenotypic features and karyotyping Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) was diagnosed. At the age of 13, stimulating hormonal chorionic gonadotropin drug with only one course of 10 injections was prescribed. At the age of 18, the patient independently canceled the use of prednisone. Further, he did not receive medication therapy for CAH and Klinefelter syndrome. At the age of 42, adrenal CT revealed formation of the left adrenal gland. According to the results of the hormonal activity examination, high levels of aldosterone and renin were detected. A diagnosis of left adrenal aldosteroma was made and a left-sided adrenalectomy was performed. Histological examination diagnosis of aldosteroma did not confirmed. On physical examination, BMI 30 kg/m2, genoid type of obesity, right testicle isn`t palpated, left testicle is dense, reduced in size. Small penis size. Decreased level of total testosterone, normal level of SHBG, LH and FSH was revealed. Ultrasound of the scrotum organs revealed decrease in the size of the testicles and appendages, a volumetric formation of the right testicle. Thus, diagnosis of CAH, virile form and Klinefelter syndrome, primary hypogonadism, right-sided cryptorchidism was confirmed. Hydrocortisone 30 mg daily was prescribed. Hormone replacement therapy with testosterone preparations was not prescribed until surgical treatment of neoplasm of the right testicle will be performed. On the example of this clinical case, we have demonstrate a combination of two endocrine pathologies and serious mistakes were made in the management of this patient. The management of such patients requires a multidisciplinary approach, which will avoid mistakes and improve the prognosis and quality of life of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"27-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[A new way for the differential diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and constitutional delay of puberty in adolescent men aged 13.5-17 years].","authors":"Y L Skorodok, I Y Ioffe, E V Plotnikova, I I Nagornaya, L A Zhelenina, A V Kozhevnikova","doi":"10.14341/probl13419","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Differential diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and constitutional delay of puberty (CDP) is extremely important since with the latter puberty begins and completes without any medical intervention and in the case of HH puberty does not occur or is incomplete. Failure to start treatment on time leads to medical and psychosocial maladjustment of the patient.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Development of a method for differential diagnosis of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and constitutional delay of puberty in boys 13.5-17 years old by scoring the levels of LH, FSH, testosterone and inhibin B.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study group was formed by adolescent men 13.5-17 years old with delayed puberty including all observations. Anamnesis, stage of puberty, testicular volume were assessed; serum levels of LH, FSH, testosterone (T) were determined by chemiluminescent analysis and inhibin B, AMH by ELISA. Stimulation tests were performed with triptorelin and human chorionic gonadotropin (3 days). Patients were followed up for 6-24 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included adolescent men at the age of 13.5-17 years with delayed puberty: 56 for the purpose of development a method of differential diagnosis, 30 for its control (control group). We`ve created a method that allows differentiate HH and CDP. Through the ROC-analysis the most sensitive and specific HH markers were identified. The basal levels of LH, FSH, T, and inhibin B were selected as most available for outpatient testing. Based on the results of our own research and scientific data we selected ranges of values and rated LH, FSH, T and inhibin B depending on them (marks). Then we assigned the coefficients (k) for each hormone. Scores were calculated by multiplying the marks by k then summed and normalized to the maximum amount the patient could get. To increase the accuracy of diagnosis an age coefficient was introduced. The result of the calculation was the result of the scoring (S). S for CDP (10.65 [3.13-14.91]) differed significantly from that for HH (76.46 [57.79-83.74]) (p&lt; 0.001). Diagnoses based on S (&lt;21.16 and ≥55.07) in the control group were confirmed by follow up data in 97% cases. An algorithm for the differential diagnosis of HH and CDP by using S has been developed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result of scoring of LH, FSH, testosterone, inhibin B levels ≥55.07 makes it possible to diagnose hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, &lt; 21.16 - constitutional delay of puberty with a high probability. In the case of score ≥21.16 but &lt; 55.07, calculation of the inhibin B/AMH ratio and/or stimulation tests are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 6","pages":"106-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KI-67 as a predictive indicator of papillary thyroid cancer in Iraqi patients.","authors":"Noor Mohammed Al-Timimi, Abed Hassan Baraaj","doi":"10.14341/probl13410","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>KI-67 (MKI-67 in humans) is a protein able to bind to DNA which contributes to cell growth and cell proliferation. KI-67 is currently considered as a biomarker that is widely utilized as prognostic indicator for evaluating cell proliferation, diagnosing diseases, and conducting research. Several different kinds of cancer have high Ki-67 expression, which simplifying the choice of treatment for individuals with various cancer types.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective was to evaluate the expression of KI67 in patients suffering papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) also the association between patients age and gender and KI67 expression.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To undertake an in-depth investigation of KI67 in malignant and normal tissues, we used thyroid tissue sections to analyze KI67 expression in 70 samples, 50 different PTC (44 female and 6 male), and 20 normal types (10 for each gender). Each group's average age is between 20 and 60.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis of the data revealed a substantial difference in the expression of ki67 between the patients and control groups. Ki67 expression and either gender or age did not significantly correlate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggest that KI67 may be a crucial marker for assessing the aggressiveness of tumors and inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 6","pages":"62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The relationship of constitutional-exogenous obesity and hormonalmicroelement status in adolescent boys with delayed sexual development].","authors":"N A Drukker, N V Palieva, Y A Petrov, V A Рopova","doi":"10.14341/probl13155","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood obesity and the rate of its spread is a serious threat to the reproductive health of the nation, especially among boys, being a background for delaying sexual development and further disrupting fertility.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the peculiarities of the ratio of the level of leptin and a number of toxic and essential chemical trace elements in biological environments in adolescent boys aged 13-14 years with obesity and delayed sexual development.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three groups of adolescents aged 13-14 years were studied and formed: the main ones - with constitutional exogenous obesity of 1-2 degrees (1-20 boys without secondary signs of puberty; 2 - 24 boys with 2-4 stages of puberty according to Tanner) and comparisons (3 - 15 boys with normal body weight and without deviations in puberty). The level of lead, zinc, selenium, chromium and manganese in the morning urine was determined by the absorption method; in the blood serum - leptin, by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out in the MeoCape 11.4.2 Statistica environment, nonparametric Spearman correlation analysis and calculation of the Student's t-test for independent samples, the reliability of the results at p&lt; 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was found that adolescents with obesity are characterized by a certain shift in the content of toxic and essential trace elements, the vector of which is shifted towards the predominance of levels of toxic chemical elements, in particular, ead, and a decrease in essential toxic elements, such as zinc, selenium, chromium and manganese. However, a more pronounced shift in the values in the imbalance of trace elements already violates not only the metabolic processes in the body of adolescent children, but also leads to a violation of puberty - to a delay in sexual development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the body of adolescent boys with obesity and delayed sexual development, the processes of oxidative stress, tissue hypoxia are progressing against the background of excess leptin, accumulation of heavy metals and deficiency of essential trace elements. Less pronounced shifts in the content of leptin and trace elements in adolescent boys are determined by a failure in neuroendocrine regulation, but does not affect the level of puberty. The homeostasis of the hormonal-microelement composition ensures the harmonious development of adolescent boys.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 6","pages":"99-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Features of glycemic variability in men with different types of obesity].","authors":"M Yu Sorokin, B B Pinkhasov, Yu V Lutov, V G Selyatitskaya","doi":"10.14341/probl13416","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity generally determines the metabolic basis for the development of type 2 diabetes. Therefore the analysis of glycemic variability in obese individuals, especially in its different phenotypes, acquires particular relevance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the features of glycemic variability in men with different adipose tissue distribution topography within usual dietary conditions.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study enrolled 43 men aged 25-65 years. Group 1 (n=17) represented obese men with subcutaneous fat distribution (SFD) while group 2 (n=16) consisted of obese men with abdominal fat distribution (AFD) and group 3 (comparator) included 10 male subjects with normal body weight (NBW). A 2-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) under condition of usual diet, work and physical activity was performed in each study subject. A number of parameters, indices and ratios had been assessed describing glycemic variability (GV) for daytime (6.00-23.59) and night (0.00-5.59) hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparative analysis of key parameters and indices describing daytime and night GV in NBW and obese men without fat distribution adjustment did not reveal statistically significant differences. After fat distribution adjustment  significantly higher mean glucose levels, standard deviation of glycemic levels and coefficient of variation were found in AFD group; also statistically significant differences were revealed in CONGA index and J-index. An analysis of the LBGI and HBGI indices that are respectively reflecting the risks of hypo- and hyperglycemia showed that the LBGI index was higher in obese men with SFD while the НBGI index was higher in men with AFD. A comparative analysis of GV parameters showed that daytime indicators values were significantly higher relative to nighttime. However the ambiguous changes in the mean glucose levels was found between study groups. Specifically in NBW men daytime and nighttime glycemia didn't differ, whereas in AFD group there was a trend to decrease in night glucose levels (p = 0.08) while in men with SFD night decrease in glycemia became statistically significant (p=0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results of glycemic variability assessment in obese men suggest that abdominal and subcutaneous types of fat distribution are associated with specific features of carbohydrate metabolism and determine different risk levels for developing type 2 diabetes in patients with AFD and SFD.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"71 1","pages":"32-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11931466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current views on the treatment of insulinoma].","authors":"T M Chernykh, D A Malyugin, M V Khachaturov, A A Shefer, V I Zoloedov","doi":"10.14341/probl13281","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Relevance: </strong>Insulinoma is the most common hormonally active neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the pancreas. In recent years, there has been a trend towards an increase in the incidence of NET especially insulinoma.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Summarizing and analyzing current data on various approaches to the treatment of insulinoma. Our review includes a comprehensive assessment of the advantages and disadvantages of currently available insulinoma treatment methods in comparison with past experience, as well as a review of promising methods that are not currently widely used.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Analysis of literature from such databases as scientific electronic library elibrary.ru, Pubmed, Google Scholar, MedLine, Scopus and Web of Science.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common treatment for insulinoma is surgery. For patients with high operative risk, alternative methods such as alcohol ablation, radiofrequency ablation, and tumor embolization may be used. Medications include the use of somatostatin analogues, diazoxide. The literature describes the potential benefit of the use of beta-blockers, phenytoin, glucagon, however, in clinical trials, these drugs have not demonstrated a significant effect. For the treatment of malignant and metastatically advanced insulinoma, targeted therapy (primarily Everolimus), chemotherapy, as well as embolization (including chemoembolization, radioembolization), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation and cryoablation, ultrasound ablation (HIFU), laser ablation, brachytherapy, irreversible electroporation are used.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study of new drugs is an important task for scientists, among medications the most promising are new generations of somatostatin analogues, targeted drugs and chemotherapy drugs. The rare frequency of insulinoma makes it difficult to conduct randomized controlled trials and prospective studies. That is why physicians and scientists need to maintain close contacts with each other and take into account the experience of treating each patient with such disease, which will help develop effective treatment algorithms in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"46-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative analysis of bone complications/manifestations in sporadic and MEN1-related primary hyperparathyroidism].","authors":"S V Pylina, A K Eremkina, A R Elfimova, A M Gorbacheva, N G Mokrysheva","doi":"10.14341/probl13385","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) - is a rare syndrome with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern caused by a mutation in the tumor suppressor gene (MEN1). Parathyroid involvement is the most common MEN1 manifestation resulting in primary hyperparathyroidism (mPHPT). Data on the prevalence and structure of bone disease in mPHPT compared to sporadic one (sPHPT) are often incomplete and contradictory.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The purpose of this study was to compare the severity of bone involvement between mPHPT and sPHPT.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A single-center retrospective study was conducted among young patients in the active phase of PHPT and without prior parathyroidectomy in anamnesis. The analysis included the main parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, bone remodeling markers, as well as an assessment of disease complications. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at sites of lumbar spine, femur and radius. Trabecular bone score (TBS) was applied to estimate trabecular microarchitecture. All patients included in the study underwent genetic testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Group 1 (mPHPT) included 26 patients, and group 2 (sSHPT) included 30 age-matched patients: the median age in group 1 was 34.5 years [25; 39], in group 2 - 30.5 years [28; 36], (p=0.439, U-test). Within group 1, the subgroup 1A (n=21) was formed with patients without other hormone-produced neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) in the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and the anterior pituitary gland. The duration of PHPT was comparable in both groups: mPHPT - 1 year [0; 3] versus sPHPT - 1 year [0; 1], (p=0.533, U-test). There were no differences in the main parameters of calcium-phosphorus metabolism, as well as in the prevalence of kidney complications. In the mPHPT group, bone abnormalities were observed significantly more often compared to sPHPT: 54 vs 10% (p=&lt;0.001; F-test). Statistically significant differences were revealed both in BMD and in Z-score values of the femoral neck and total hip, which were lower in the mPHPT group. These differences remained significant when comparing subgroup 1A with sPHPT.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MEN1-associated PHPT may be accompanied by a more severe decrease in BMD in the femoral neck and total hip compared to sPHPT regardless of the other hormone-producing NEN. Clarifying the role of mutation in the MEN1 gene in these processes requires further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"81-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Hyperparathyroidism of different genesis in young patients with Turner syndrome: case series and brief review].","authors":"I D Ozhimalov, T K Karavaynaya, Ju D Fedorova, A M Gorbacheva, E E Bibik, I S Maganeva, A К Eremkina, N G Mokrysheva","doi":"10.14341/probl13330","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hyperparathyroidism is a syndrome characterized by an excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone. Etiologically, hyperparathyroidism is subdivided into primary hyperparathyroidism, which develops as a result of parathyroid adenoma, carcinoma or hyperplasia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism, which happens as a compensatory response to a hypocalcemia caused by condition outside the parathyroid glands. Turner syndrome may also be accompanied by mineral metabolism disorders of various etiology. An association of hyperparathyroidism and Turner syndrome is interesting because of multifactorial impact on bone mineral density, but only few cases of such coexistence have been previously described in the literature. This article describes two patients with Turner syndrome and hyperparathyroidism of different etiology. Hyperparathyroidism, normocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis, parathyroid tumors were found in both cases. In one case a number of assays was performed to confirm the patient's normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism, and surgery was performed to achieve remission. In the second case, treatment of vitamin D deficiency resulted in normalization of serum concentration of parathormone, after which the patient was prescribed antiresorptive therapy. The pathogenetic association between Turner syndrome and hyperparathyroidism requires further investigation. Comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and treatment of mineral metabolism disorders are essential for patients with coexistence of these two diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"56-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Fixed ratio combinations GLP-1RA and basal insulin: literature review].","authors":"D V Kurkin, D A Bakulin, E I Morkovin, A V Strygin, Ju V Gorbunova, E V Volotova, A I Robertus, I E Makarenko, V B Saparova, R V Drai, V I Petrov","doi":"10.14341/probl13312","DOIUrl":"10.14341/probl13312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to the need for insulin therapy in a significant proportion of patients. Very often start of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with weight gain and a significant increase of hypoglycemia's risk. However, innovative options, such as fixed ratio combinations of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and basal insulin, minimize weight gain and hypoglycemia risks and allow a greater proportion of patients to achieve individual glycemic control goals without compromising safety parameters. This review includes a description of the randomized clinical trials, as well as the results of real clinical practice of the use of two currently existing fixed ration combinations of GLP-1RA and basal insulin - iDegLira and iGlarLixi.</p>","PeriodicalId":101419,"journal":{"name":"Problemy endokrinologii","volume":"70 1","pages":"91-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10926250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140023903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}