Tropical biomedicine最新文献_第2页

Unveiling a rare killer: Community-acquired Escherichia coli K1 meningitis in an adult patient. 揭示一个罕见的杀手：社区获得性大肠杆菌K1脑膜炎在一个成人患者。

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.2.006

S N Ab-Karim, N Z Zainol-Abidin, T Z M Tengku-Jamaluddin, S Amin-Nordin

引用次数: 0

Therapeutic insights into Garcinia mangostana: Bioactivities, challenges, and future directions in drug discovery. 对山竹藤黄的治疗见解：生物活性、挑战和药物发现的未来方向。

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.2.010

Y Anis, R V Labana, D Mendonça, S Ayunee, R V D Dimasin, R Bodade, S Sukati, R Boonhok, S M R Oliveira, A P Girol, M de Lourdes Pereira, L Chooi-Ling, C Samudi, V Nissapatorn

{"title":"Therapeutic insights into Garcinia mangostana: Bioactivities, challenges, and future directions in drug discovery.","authors":"Y Anis, R V Labana, D Mendonça, S Ayunee, R V D Dimasin, R Bodade, S Sukati, R Boonhok, S M R Oliveira, A P Girol, M de Lourdes Pereira, L Chooi-Ling, C Samudi, V Nissapatorn","doi":"10.47665/tb.42.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.42.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"Garcinia mangostana is a tropical tree native to India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia. In Traditional Medicinal Systems (TMS), decoctions and infusions prepared from mangosteen fruits have effectively treated skin lesions and various inflammatory conditions. Researchers have also reported its extensive biological activities, viz. antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. This literature review comprehensively describes the biological potential of G. mangostana over the last twenty-five years. It includes a discussion of the bioactive compounds of G. mangostana and their extraction, purification, and characterization processes. Antimicrobial, anticancer, antitumorigenic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antiparasitic activities are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the paper addresses the main obstacles associated with using mangosteen extracts and suggests ways to overcome these challenges. The medicinal properties of G. mangostana are primarily attributed to a-mangostin and other bioactive xanthones. However, other bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic activities remain not fully characterized. Therefore, developing effective extraction methods for these bioactive compounds, along with their characterization, possible bioactivities (pharmacodynamics), and any synergistic effects, is essential. Additionally, pharmacokinetic studies, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET), are necessary. It is also worth considering plant parts other than the pericarp.","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"42 2","pages":"169-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antiviral effects of resveratrol against the replication of chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis viruses in vitro. 白藜芦醇对基孔肯雅病毒和日本脑炎病毒复制的体外抗病毒作用。

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.2.011

N H Nor Isamuddin, N F Hanuar, S AbuBakar, K K Tan, K L Chin, N Zainal

{"title":"Antiviral effects of resveratrol against the replication of chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis viruses in vitro.","authors":"N H Nor Isamuddin, N F Hanuar, S AbuBakar, K K Tan, K L Chin, N Zainal","doi":"10.47665/tb.42.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.42.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are mosquito-borne arboviruses that pose significant public health risks, especially in tropical regions like Malaysia. CHIKV is linked to joint and muscle pain, while JEV can cause severe neurological illnesses and encephalitis if untreated. With no specific treatments available, research into potential antivirals is crucial. This study investigates the inhibitory potential of resveratrol (RES) against CHIKV and JEV in vitro. Cytotoxicity of RES was assessed on human adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) using the MTS assay, followed by dose-dependent analyses to determine optimal inhibitory concentrations. Antiviral effects were explored through pre-infection, post-infection, virucidal, and anti-adsorption assays, with virus titres measured via plaque and foci-forming assays for CHIKV and JEV, respectively. Results revealed that RES's pre- and post-infection treatments significantly reduced titres of both viruses in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, CHIKV titres were reduced by over 65% (p < 0.01) when treated with 100 µM RES, whether administered pre-infection or post-infection. For JEV, a reduction of over 93% (p < 0.05) was observed only with post-infection treatment, while pre-infection treatment alone did not yield a significant reduction. In addition, both pre-incubation and anti-adsorption assays for CHIKV and JEV showed no significant results. These findings suggest that RES likely inhibits viral replication by modulating host cellular mechanisms rather than directly targeting the viruses. In summary, this study demonstrates that RES exhibits antiviral properties against CHIKV and JEV replication, underscoring its potential as an effective antiviral agent. However, further in vivo studies are needed to fully evaluate its therapeutic potential and efficacy.","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"42 2","pages":"184-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovery of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as a potential vaccine target from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis extracellular vesicles via immunoproteomics. 通过免疫蛋白质组学发现耻垢分枝杆菌胞外囊泡中乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）作为潜在的疫苗靶点。

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.2.014

M Jayaram, N Othman, K Mohd Hanafiah, M Azlan, N Arifin

{"title":"Discovery of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) as a potential vaccine target from Mycolicibacterium smegmatis extracellular vesicles via immunoproteomics.","authors":"M Jayaram, N Othman, K Mohd Hanafiah, M Azlan, N Arifin","doi":"10.47665/tb.42.2.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.42.2.014","url":null,"abstract":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis, releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) that impair macrophage functions and circulate bacterial components to modulate the host immune response. While EVs are increasingly investigated as new vaccines and biomarkers, studying MTB EVs is challenging due to the slow growth rate and pathogenic properties of MTB. Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (MSMEG), a non-pathogenic surrogate with a faster growth rate, offers a safer and more convenient option for laboratory studies due to its similarities to MTB. In this study, we explore the antigenic properties of MSMEG EVs to assess their potential use in developing safer tuberculosis vaccine strategies. Through an immunoproteomics approach that combines comprehensive protein separation by OFFGELTM fractionation, Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry, we identified alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) - a 46 kDa protein involved in mycobacterial cell wall synthesis - as an antigenic protein from MSMEG EVs. Our findings suggest that MSMEG EVs-derived ADH could improve tuberculosis vaccine formulations and potentially be used for coimmunization with the BCG vaccine, offering new and safer strategies to combat tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"42 2","pages":"213-219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the potential of enterovirus A71 fomite and respiratory transmission in a hamster model. 在仓鼠模型中探索肠道病毒A71亚型和呼吸道传播的可能性。

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.2.004

S N A N Baharin, H Y Chang, L H Saw, Y T Hooi, V Rmt Balasubramaniam, I C Sam, Y F Chan

{"title":"Exploring the potential of enterovirus A71 fomite and respiratory transmission in a hamster model.","authors":"S N A N Baharin, H Y Chang, L H Saw, Y T Hooi, V Rmt Balasubramaniam, I C Sam, Y F Chan","doi":"10.47665/tb.42.2.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47665/tb.42.2.004","url":null,"abstract":"Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a common pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) frequently contracted by young children. The virus commonly transmits by faecal contamination, and possibly through direct or indirect contact via fomite and respiratory routes. Transmission via fomites and the respiratory route via airborne or droplets is not clearly understood. Mouse-adapted EV-A71 (MP4 EV-A71) was used to study the effect of EV-A71 fomite-induced and respiratory transmission in one-week-old hamsters. For fomite transmission, the hamsters were exposed to coins contaminated with 104 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of EV-A71. All hamsters survived, showing self-limiting progression, and no significant loss of weight, but low viral RNA loads were detected in the oral washes and the mother of the exposed hamsters developed low neutralization titers. Despite the low fomite doses, transmission likely occurred in these hamsters. In respiratory transmission using an aerosol test chamber which was placed within the biological safety cabinet, self-limiting progression were seen in contact hamsters exposed to index hamsters orally infected with 104 TCID50 of EV-A71. Index hamsters showed infection and died, but all contact hamsters survived. Computational fluid dynamics analysis showed that the transmission risk of the virus was heavily dependent on the cabinet airflow. Due to the strong convection flow, the exhaled air from the index-infected hamsters were defected, reducing the risk of infection to the contact hamsters. Taken together, our findings suggest that compared to control oral infections, fomites and respiratory transmission is less effective, but could still occur. This first animal model transmission study can be further refined with different virus dosages, exposure time and air flow to study fomite and respiratory transmission of EV-A71 in hamsters.","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"42 2","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innocuous to insidious: an unpredictable diagnosis of Streptococcus sanguinis infective endocarditis in a young adult. 无害的潜伏：一个不可预测的诊断血链球菌感染性心内膜炎在一个年轻的成年人。

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.2.015

G K Ong, Z Y Siew, P P Leong, S T Wong, K Sree Raman, K Voon

引用次数: 0

The distribution of B lymphocyte subpopulations in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. H37Ra结核分枝杆菌感染小鼠B淋巴细胞亚群的分布。

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.1.013

Y Lv, C Wang, L Bai

{"title":"The distribution of B lymphocyte subpopulations in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra.","authors":"Y Lv, C Wang, L Bai","doi":"10.47665/tb.42.1.013","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.42.1.013","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Annually, millions of new cases of tuberculosis are documented. Research in tuberculosis-immune has hitherto focused predominantly on the role of T cells in Mtb infection. Although there have been studies in progress which have supported the notion that B cells are crucial players in combating infectious diseases, the role of B cells in TB is still not fully understood. There is a paucity of in-depth analysis of various B lymphocyte subpopulations and the understanding of the immunophenotypic changes of the B-cell lineage during tuberculosis infection. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the changes in B lymphocyte subpopulations in mice infected with M.tuberculosis H37Ra. The percentage/frequency of peritoneal B cells (CD45R+), B1b cells (CD45RIntIgDCD5- CD11+), splenic B cells (CD45R+), and splenic marginal zone B (MZ B) cells (CD45R+CD23- CD21hi) decreased (P < 0.05), while the percentage of splenic follicular B (Fo B) cells (CD45R+CD23+ CD21int) and lymph node B cells (CD19+) increased at the 4th and 8th weeks (P < 0.05). It was suggested that H37Ra infection changed the distribution of B lymphocyte subpopulations. In addition, the percentage of CD69+B cells and memory B cells (CD45R+CD27+ IgD+/-) increased in the infected mice at different infection periods (P < 0.05), which suggested H37Ra infection promoted B cell activation and produced a large number of memory B cells. As a conclusion, H37Ra infection can affect the distribution of B lymphocyte subpopulations, with a concomitant down-regulation of MZ B cells, which perform innate immunity, and up-regulation of adaptive immune response cells (Fo B cells and lymph node B cells). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that H37Ra infection can promote the immune response of B lymphocytes to tuberculosis, through the stimulation of the body to produce a large number of activated and memory B cells.","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sexual mosaicism in the black fly Simulium (Gomphostilbia) hongthaii (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Vietnam. 越南红台黑蝇的性嵌合现象（双翅目：黑蝇科）。

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.1.007

D V Nguyen, H Takaoka

引用次数: 0

Detection of Leptospira in environmental samples of wet markets and paddy fields in Penang, Malaysia. 马来西亚槟城菜市场及水田环境样本中钩端螺旋体的检测。

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.1.009

B L Ling, Z E Tay, N Philip

{"title":"Detection of Leptospira in environmental samples of wet markets and paddy fields in Penang, Malaysia.","authors":"B L Ling, Z E Tay, N Philip","doi":"10.47665/tb.42.1.009","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.42.1.009","url":null,"abstract":"Leptospirosis, caused by the Leptospira spp., is endemic in humid subtropical and tropical climates. Several environmental settings can harbour the survival of Leptospira; hence, continuous surveillance of the high-risk areas is critical. This study was conducted to detect the presence of Leptospira in wet markets and paddy fields in Penang, Malaysia. A total of 62 soil and water samples were collected aseptically from three wet markets and two paddy fields. The samples were cultured twice on the sampling day and after two weeks of storage in the dark at ambient temperature. All environmental samples and positive cultures were subjected to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting 16S rRNA, lipL32 and rrs genes. 16S rRNA-positive samples were further sent for sequencing. Of 62 samples, 21 (21/62, 33.9%) tested positive via culture and PCR. Wet markets significantly had a higher detection rate of leptospires (29%) than paddy fields (4.8%). Four Leptospira species (L. selangorensis, L. dzoumogneensis, L. mtsangambouensis, and L. meyeri) were identified in wet markets and three (L. meyeri, L. wolffii, and L. kmetyi) in paddy fields. Storing the environmental samples for two weeks before isolation yielded a higher positivity (11/14) than culturing samples on the sampling day (6/14). The presence of Leptospira in the environment of wet markets and paddy fields in Penang although primarily intermediate and saprophyte indicates the crucial need to implement preventive measures to prevent the possibility of leptospirosis infection among the workers.","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"51-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143757155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of multiplex molecular respiratory panel in COVID-19 patients with suspected co-infections: Insights and considerations in results interpretation. 多重分子呼吸检测在疑似合并感染的COVID-19患者中的应用：结果解释中的见解和考虑

Tropical biomedicine Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.47665/tb.42.1.004

A S Nawi, E N S Engku Abd Rahman, N M N Nik Zuraina, N Musa, M Z Salleh, M N F Samsudin, W C Chua, A Muhd Besari, R Hassan, Y Y Chan

{"title":"Use of multiplex molecular respiratory panel in COVID-19 patients with suspected co-infections: Insights and considerations in results interpretation.","authors":"A S Nawi, E N S Engku Abd Rahman, N M N Nik Zuraina, N Musa, M Z Salleh, M N F Samsudin, W C Chua, A Muhd Besari, R Hassan, Y Y Chan","doi":"10.47665/tb.42.1.004","DOIUrl":"10.47665/tb.42.1.004","url":null,"abstract":"As critically ill COVID-19 patients are prone to infections by other respiratory pathogens, this study aimed to investigate the detection of respiratory co-pathogens in such patients, by employing a multiplex respiratory molecular panel. Conducted at Universiti Sains Malaysia Specialist Hospital (HPUSM) from November 1, 2021, to November 1, 2022, this retrospective cross-sectional study analysed adults admitted with confirmed COVID-19. Oropharyngeal/ nasopharyngeal swabs collected upon admission were tested using the Fast Track Diagnostic (FTD®) Respiratory Pathogens 33 multiplex kit to detect other respiratory pathogens. Within 48 hours of admission, the presence and type of organisms were determined to assess community co-infections. Among 48 critically ill COVID-19 patients (26 male; mean age, 62.2 years), clinically significant organisms were found in 32 patients (67%). Bacterial co-infections or co-colonization were detected in 91% (29/32) of these patients, with Klebsiella pneumoniae (40%) and Staphylococcus aureus (23%) were the most common, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (11%), Moraxella catarrhalis (4%), and Haemophilus influenzae (2%). Fungal (6%) and viral (2%) co-infections were less frequent. The use of syndromic respiratory panel in critically ill COVID-19 patients offers the advantage of being highly sensitive, rapid, and able to detect multiple pathogens. However, detection of multiple respiratory pathogens needs to be interpreted with caution, taking into consideration patient's clinical and radiological findings, as well as quantitative molecular data.","PeriodicalId":101343,"journal":{"name":"Tropical biomedicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0