Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography最新文献

{"title":"[Development and practice of an interactive chromatography learning tool for beginners based on GeoGebra： a case study of plate theory].","authors":"Yu-Han Zhang, Jun-Yao He, Shu-Jing Lin, Bing-Jian Ai, Zhi-Hong Shi, Hong-Yi Zhang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.03008","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.03008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study developed a GeoGebra platform-based interactive pedagogical tool focusing on plate theory to address challenges associated with abstract theory transmission， unidirectional knowledge delivery， and low student engagement in chromatography teaching in instrumental analysis courses. This study introduced an innovative methodology that encompasses theoretical model reconstruction， tool development， and teaching-chain integration that addresses the limitations of existing teaching tools， including the complex operation of professional software， restricted accessibility to web-based tools， and insufficient parameter-adjustment flexibility. An improved mathematical plate-theory model was established by incorporating mobile-phase flow rate， dead time， and phase ratio parameters. A three-tier progressive learning system （single-component simulation， multi-component simulation， and retention-time-equation derivation modules） was developed on a cloud-based computing platform. An integrated teaching chain that combined athematical modeling （AI-assisted \"Doubao\" derivation）， interactive-parameter adjustment （multiple adjustable chromatographic parameters）， and visual verification （chromatographic elution-curve simulation） was implemented. Teaching practice demonstrated that： （1） The developed tool transcends the dimensional limitations of traditional instruction， elevating the classroom task completion rate to 94% and improving the student accuracy rate for solving advanced problems to 76%. （2） The dynamic-parameter-adjustment feature significantly enhances learning engagement by enabling 85% of the students to independently use the tool in subsequent studies and experiments. （3） The AI-powered derivation and regression-analysis modules enable the interdisciplinary integration of theoretical chemistry and computational tools. The process of deriving chromatographic retention-time equations through this methodological approach proved more convincing than the current textbook practice of directly presenting conclusions. The developed innovative \"theoretical-model visualizable-model-parameter adjustable-interactive-knowledge generating\" model provides a new avenue for addressing teaching challenges associated with chromatography theory， and its open-source framework and modular design philosophy can offer valuable references for the digital teaching reform in analytical chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 9","pages":"1078-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Rapid screening of 111 pesticides and veterinary drugs in livestock and poultry meat by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry].","authors":"Yi-Ming Wang, Xiao-Tong Li, Kun Chu, Qian-Qian Wang, Shuai Wu, Chen Chen","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.10026","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.10026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The consumption of agricultural products has increased in recent years owing to abundant production and improved living standards. Veterinary drugs are highly commercialized and widely used in animal husbandry to ensure animal health and production performance. Moreover， pesticides can become enriched during animal breeding， resulting in animal-derived food pollution through foraging， drinking， and environmental disinfection that can potentially damage human health. Consequently， food-safety issues associated with pesticide and veterinary-drug residues have attracted considerable attention. However， few reports on the multi-residue analysis of livestock and poultry meat using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS） have been published. Therefore， developing high-throughput and efficient screening methods for monitoring various illegal and/or restricted drugs in animal-derived foods is imperative. In this study， we developed a protocol for simultaneously examining seven pesticide and veterinary-drug types that uses an accurate mass-spectral library. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was then employed to screen 111 such compounds， including quinolones， macrolides， cephalosporins， and antiviral drugs. The developed protocol was subsequently used to establish a method for quantitatively analyzing more than 90 compounds in livestock and poultry meat. The formula， theoretical exact mass， experimental exact mass， and retention time of each analyte were recorded and used for identification purposes. The main factors affecting the response and sensitivity of the method， such as the LC separation conditions （chromatographic column and mobile phases） and MS parameters， were optimized during instrumental analysis. Pork and chicken samples were extracted with an 80% acetonitrile aqueous solution， after which the supernatant was purified using an Oasis PRiME HLB solid-phase extraction column. The 111 target analytes were separated on a Waters HSS T3 analytical chromatographic column （100 mm×2.1 mm， 1.8 μm） after being blown with nitrogen and redissolved， with gradient elution performed using mobile phases composed of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol. The analysis process included a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min， a column temperature of 40 ℃， and an injection volume of 5 μL， with positive electrospray ionization （ESI） and time of flight mass spectrometry full scan information-dependent acquisition-product ion （TOF MS-IDA-Product Ion） scanning modes used. The method was validated in terms of linearity， limits of screening and quantification （SDLs and LOQs， respectively）， matrix effects， accuracy， and precision. Quantification was performed using matrix-matched external-standard calibration. All target compounds exhibited good linearities in their corresponding concentration ranges， with all correlation coefficients （<i>r</i>²） above 0.99. The SDLs of all analytes were in the range of 0.5-10 μg/kg， ","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 9","pages":"1034-1044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12412017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Rapid screening of 125 pesticide residues in tea substitutes by multi-plug filtration cleanup method combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].","authors":"Quan Zhang, Yu-Tian Wu, Lei Peng, Shan Bi, Yi-Bing Zhou, Ye Lin, Li-Ya Liu, Qing-Yuan Chen, Xue Zhou","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.09009","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.09009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A rapid screening method for 125 pesticide residues of different polarities in tea substitutes matrix was developed using rapid screening combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （GC-MS/MS）. The targets were separated on DB-1701MS quartz capillary column （30 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm） with programmed temperature rise， detected by GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode， and quantified by matrix-matched solution internal standard method. The methodological validation of 125 representative pesticides in tea substitutes was carried out by GC-MS/MS method. The results showed that the tea samples could be extracted most efficiently when using acetonitrile without immersion in water. The M-PFC TD-1 column had a good purification effect on the <i>Dendrobium officinale</i> flower extract with a guaranteed high recovery. The results of optimized analysis showed that the 125 components had a good linear correlation in the range of 0.01 mg/L to 1.0 mg/L （<i>R</i>²>0.980）. The LODs and LOQs were 0.003-0.02 mg/kg （<i>S/N</i>=3） and 0.01-0.05 mg/kg （<i>S/N</i>=10），respectively. The recoveries of the 125 targets at three levels were in the range of 62.6%-107.6% with relative standard deviations （RSDs， <i>n=</i>6<i>）</i> of 1.0%-13.8%. Compared with other classical pretreatment methods， this method does not require activation， equilibration and elution steps， consumes less solvent， and the M-PFC TD-1 column shows better purification effect， which can directly adsorb large molecular interferences， such as pigments and alkaloids， in the matrix of the substitute tea， and is easy to operate， rapid， and with high sensitivity， which is suitable for the rapid screening of pesticide multicomponent residues in the bulk substitute tea. The method established in this study was used to monitor 50 samples of tea substitutes provided by the pilot production enterprises in Guizhou Province， in which at least one pesticide residue was detected in two samples of tea substitutes， with a detection rate of 4%. This study aims to enhance the scientific and practical aspects of setting local standard indicators or technical requirements by understanding the types and levels of pesticide residues in substitute tea products.</p>","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 7","pages":"805-814"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of integrated equipment for automatic sampling and distillate collection].","authors":"Xin-Ying Zhou, Wei-Heng Kong, De-Xiu Yu, Tang-Yi Li, Zhou Ma, Xin Yi, Feng-Lin Wang, Tong Li","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.12005","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.12005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preparative chromatography plays an important separation and purification role in the pharmaceutical， chemical， and food industries. New preparative chromatography equipment that integrates automatic sampling and fraction-collecting functions was developed to improve separation efficiency and ease of use， and to meet the separation-efficiency and collection-accuracy needs of modern industry.The design concept and working principles of the device are introduced in detail. The developed equipment significantly improves the injection rate and reduces human operating errors through advanced automation technology， leading to an experimental process that is entirely more scientific and efficient. At the same time， the fraction-collection system was optimized such that it can flexibly adjust to various application requirements， thereby ensuring the highest purities and recoveries of the collected target ingredients. This innovative equipment uses a high-speed servo motor to independently drive the X-， Y-， and Z-axes of the instrument tray in order to realize high-speed sampling and collection actions at any position within the scope of the set tray， while synchronously sampling and collecting. A control circuit was used to calibrate the sampling and collection positions to ensure accuracy and that the device is compatible with a variety of sample-tray specifications to meet the preparation requirements of a wide 1-200 mL/min flow range. The developed equipment was used to separate and purify samples of stevioside and rebaudioside A， and exhibited excellent performance， including fast separation， stable output， and accurate collection. The equipment is capable of realizing synchronous sample-collection functions， thereby providing a stable and reliable separation and purification option for a wide range of industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 7","pages":"830-835"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Innovation of chromatographic analysis experiment teaching and cultivation of innovative talents].","authors":"Jun Huang, Zhan-Xia Lyu, Zhen Gao, Mei-Xian Li, Ying-Lin Zhou","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.12019","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.12019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromatography experiments form an important component of an Instrumental Analysis Laboratory Course. In order to meet the demands of cultivating innovative talents with scientific thinking skills for the evolving educational objectives， the Instrumental Analysis Laboratory Course in the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering at Peking University has been reformed since 2017， with a focus on chromatography experiment teaching as a pilot project. A series of well-designed reform measures， including strengthening the design of the experimental content， focusing on the analysis of actual samples， increasing student participation， enhancing their freedom of exploration and the division of labor and cooperation， and adopting a teaching form with both virtual and real components， have been introduced. These measures have effectively stimulated students' subjective learning initiatives， improved their understanding of the principles of instrumental analysis and the structures and functions of instruments， cultivated their abilities to comprehend， analyze， and solve problems， and strengthened their scientific thinking and literacy. Overall， the developed program has powerfully contributed to realizing the core goal of cultivating innovative talents.</p>","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 7","pages":"823-829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Preparation and chromatographic performance evaluation of hydrophilic interaction chromatography stationary phase based on amino acids].","authors":"Gai-Gai Xu, Yang Yi, Ping-Ping Liu, Wen-Fen Zhang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.04015","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.04015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To overcome current limitations in polar compound separation and better understand hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography （HILIC） retention mechanisms， we designed and synthesized two novel amino acid-functionalized stationary phases using highly hydrophilic L-hydroxyproline and L-proline as modifiers through a continuous solid-liquid reaction method. The synthesized stationary phases were thoroughly characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）， thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）， and elemental analysis. Comparative elemental analysis revealed a substantial increase in carbon （C）， hydrogen （H）， and nitrogen （N） contents in both L-hydroxyproline-functionalized （L-OH-PSil） and L-proline-functionalized （L-PSil）stationary phases relative to the cyanuric chloride-bonded aminopropyl silica gel （TCT-Sil） intermediate， confirming successful functionalization. Quantitative analysis demonstrated distinct ligand densities for each phase， with L-OH-PSil exhibiting a higher loading （0.193 mmol/g） compared to L-PSil （0.178 mmol/g）. Thermal stability assessments indicated both materials maintained excellent structural integrity across a wide temperature range （20-600 ℃）， as evidenced by TGA results. To explore the chromatographic separation performance of the prepared L-OH-PSil and L-PSil stationary phases， sulfonamides were selected as solutes， and preliminary chromatographic separation investigations were conducted. The sulfonamide compounds exhibited excellent separation efficiency on both stationary phases， with retention behavior following consistent elution orders strongly correlated with analyte polarity. This observed retention pattern strongly suggested hydrophilic interactions constituted the predominant retention mechanism between the amino acid-functionalized stationary phases and sulfonamide analytes. Further supporting this conclusion， a systematic decrease in retention factors （lg <i>k</i> values） with increasing aqueous content in the mobile phase was observed as a characteristic feature of HILIC. Under optimized HILIC conditions， we further systematically evaluated the separation performance of both stationary phases using heterocyclic amines and nucleosides as model analytes， with direct comparison to a commercial Hypersil NH₂ column. Both custom phases exhibited exceptional column efficiency， with L-OH-PSil achieving 11 582.87 theoretical plates for 2-amino-3-methyl-9<i>H</i>-pyrido［2，3-b］indole （MeAαC） compared to 8 661.45 for L-PSil， while maintaining excellent performance across diverse analyte classes including plant growth hormones， flavonoids， and amines. The L-OH-PSil phase demonstrated superior chromatographic performance relative to both its L-PSil counterpart and the commercial NH₂ column. This superiority is attributable to its unique bifunctional design incorporating two hydroxyl groups， which combine the advantageous features of amino acid and diol-based stationary phases. This structural charact","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 7","pages":"734-743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Construction of acrylpimaric acid-bonded silica stationary phase and its application in mixed-mode chromatographic separation].","authors":"Lei Zeng, Meng-Ling Wei, Wei Wei, Hao Li, Bo-An Shi, Fu-Hou Lei","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.10010","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.10010","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The development of novel functional materials from renewable biomass resources has garnered widespread attention. This strategy not only effectively reduces the reliance on petrochemical raw materials in the preparation process， thereby reducing carbon emissions and mitigating environmental pollution， but also enhances their added value， promoting the development of related agriculture and forestry industries. In this study， we prepared acrylpimaric acid bonded on silica （Sil-APA） as a new stationary phase by linking the functional ligand to silica using &lt;i&gt;γ&lt;/i&gt;-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane as the silane coupling agent. The synthesized stationary phase was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra （FT-IR）， elemental analysis （EA）， zeta potential analysis， and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. Acrylpimaric acid was successfully immobilized onto the surface of spherical silica via a ring-opening reaction involving the epoxy and carboxyl groups. Analytes and the stationary phase experience multiple interactions during the separation process owing to the coexistence of functional groups such as hydrogenated phenanthrene rings， as well as hydroxyl， carbonyl， and carboxyl groups on the surface of the Sil-APA stationary phase. Synergy involving multiple interaction mechanisms improves the separability and applicability of the Sil-APA stationary phase. We used hydrophobic， hydrophilic， and ionic compounds to probe the effects of organic-phase content， pH， and buffer-salt concentration in the mobile phase on the chromatographic performance of the Sil-APA column. The logarithm of the retention factor （log &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;） for alkylbenzenes in the stationary phase was found to decrease with increasing methanol content in the mobile phase during reverse-phase liquid chromatography （RPLC）； hence， the Sil-APA stationary phase exhibited typical reverse-phase retention behavior. The Sil-APA column exhibited stronger aromatic selectivity and weaker hydrophobic selectivity compared to a C18 column， which enables polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） to be more-strongly retained than alkylbenzenes while also separating these hydrophobic compounds in less time. The ln &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt; for nucleosides/bases on the stationary phase decreased with increasing water content in the mobile phase in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography （HILIC） mode， confirming that the Sil-APA column has typical hydrophilic retention characteristics for the separation of nucleosides/bases. Furthermore， the relationship between the pH and buffer-salt concentration of the mobile phase and ln &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt; for nucleosides/bases reveals that hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between the stationary phase and the analytes play important roles in addition to hydrophilic interactions. The ln &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt; for ionic compounds was observed to decrease with increasing buffer-salt concentration in the mobile phase in ion-exchange chromatography （IEC） mode， while concurrently increas","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 7","pages":"744-755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231490/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Recent applications of porous-material-based adsorbents for extracting pesticide residues from environmental and foodstuff samples].","authors":"Qi-Tong Xu, Meng Yu, Chang Xie, Yan Cao, Su-Rong Mei","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.12009","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.12009","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pesticides are ubiquitous to human life but their residues are indispensable micropollutants that threaten human health. In recent years， the global use of pesticides has increased significantly in recent years， and their environmental profiles have become increasingly complex as different generations of pesticides have appeared on the market. The residues of various legacy and emerging pesticides are omnipresent in both the environment and food medias. Consequently， developing rapid and sensitive detection technologies for analyzing multiple residues is imperative. Sample pretreatment， particularly adsorbent selection and innovation， is indispensable in this regard. So far， a wide range of hybrid nanomaterials have been used for the enrichment or adsorption of pesticide residues. While traditional solid-phase-extraction-based （SPE-based） sorbents are widely used， they lack specific interactions and are poorly selective. Normal carbon materials （e.g.， graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes）， which have large surface areas and pore volumes， have progressed significantly； however， they still have insufficient active adsorption sites. Notably， porous materials， including metal-organic frameworks （MOFs）， porous organic polymers （POPs） （including covalent organic frameworks （COFs）， covalent triazine frameworks （CTFs）， conjugated microporous polymers （CMPs）， microporous organic networks （MONs， sub-familied by CMPs， porous aromatic frameworks （PAFs）， and hyper-crosslinked polymers （HCPs））， nano-porous carbons（NPCs）， and zeolites display exceptional properties because they have high porosity， tunable pore sizes， large surface areas， and diverse modification sites. In this review， strategies for the enhancement of adsorption performance of porous-material-based adsorbents， including materials hybridization， monomer modification， configuration regulation， and properties adjustment are first introduced. Furthermore， publications from 2018 to 2024 pertaining to the utilization of porous-material-based adsorbents for diverse types of pesticides were briefly elaborated. The properties of pesticides， the designs and performance of porous materials， and their interaction mechanisms were discussed. A total of 14 types of pesticides are included in the discussion， namely organochlorine pesticides （OCPs）， organophosphorus pesticides （OPPs）， pyrethroids （PYRs）， benzoylurea insecticides （BUs）， neonicotinoid insecticides （NEOs）， phenyl-pyrazole insecticides （PPZs）， phenoxy carboxylic acid herbicides （PCAs）， triazine herbicides （TRZHs）， benzimidazole fungicides （BZDs）， azole/triazoles fungicides， strobilurin fungicides （SFs）， carbamate insecticides （Carbs）， phenyl-urea herbicides （PUHs）， and diamide insecticides. Our summary revealed that an adsorbent was predominantly designed based on the textural properties of the target pesticide and the structural characteristics of the hybrid material， such as its functional groups， polarity， and pore size， to enhance adsorpti","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 7","pages":"713-725"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Simultaneous determination of 50 veterinary drug residues in fish， shrimp， and crabs using a composite purification column-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].","authors":"Hui-Dan Deng, Xiao-Feng Ji, Ying-Ping Xiao, Qiang Xia, Hua Yang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.11017","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.11017","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;China is the world's largest producer and consumer of aquatic products. Insecticides， as well as veterinary drugs， such as quinolones， macrolides， nitroimidazoles， sulfonamides， and amphenicols， are widely used in aquaculture. These compounds play crucial roles in preventing， controlling， and treating diseases in aquatic organisms， improving feed conversion rates， and promoting the healthy growth of farmed species. However， the illegal use of veterinary drugs， their overuse， and noncompliance with drug withdrawal periods by farmers can lead to aquatic products containing veterinary drug residues. This study focused on fish， shrimp， and crabs with the aim of meeting the green-development needs of China's aquaculture industry， strengthening risk warnings and preventing veterinary drug residues in aquatic products， enhancing the quality and competitiveness of farmed aquatic products， and promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. Instrumental working conditions were optimized， and the extraction solvent， extraction method， purification materials， and the redissolution solvent used in the sample-pretreatment process were determined. These efforts led to the establishment of a protocol for the detection of 50 veterinary drug residues， including quinolones， macrolides， nitroimidazoles， sulfonamides， amphenicols， and insecticides， in fish， shrimp， and crabs， which involved one-step pretreatment with a composite purification column in combination with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）. A 5-g sample was extracted with a 1.0% acetic acid solution， dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate， and purified using a FAVEX purification column， after which the purified solution was nitrogen-blown to near dryness. The residue was re-dissolved in 1.0 mL of 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol （9∶1， v/v） ， filtered， and then separated using a Waters ACQUITY UPLC&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; BEH C18 column （100 mm × 2.1 mm， 1.7 μm）. Data were collected in positive- and negative-ion multiple reaction monitoring modes， and quantified using isotopic internal and external standards. All target compounds exhibited good linear relationships within their respective concentration ranges， with coefficients of determination （&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;²） greater than 0.990 0. Average recovery rates of 60.1%-117.8% were determined for the 50 veterinary drugs in the fish matrix， with RSDs of between 1.89% and 15.0%， while the shrimp matrix delivered average recovery rates of 60.2%-119.7%， with RSDs of 1.11%-15.6%， and the crab matrix exhibited average values of 60.7%-119.7% and 2.94%-15.0%， respectively. The developed method is advantageous owing to its simple pretreatment step， high throughput， low organic-solvent consumption， good accuracy， high sensitivity， and cost-effectiveness. One hundred and fifty batches of aquatic products， including 50 batches of fish， 50 batches of shrimp， and 50 batches of crab， were risk-screened for 50 vet","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 7","pages":"767-778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Identification and determination of organic compounds in the gas and particulate matter released by incense burning by ultrasonic extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry].","authors":"Zi-Qi Yue, Lu Jiang, Zhi-Gang Li, Wei Wang, Ya-Wei Wang","doi":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.10022","DOIUrl":"10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.10022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Statistical evidence indicates that individuals spend approximately 90% of their time indoors on a daily basis. A multitude of human activities， including incense burning， cooking， smoking， and the use of electrical appliances， can contribute to indoor air pollution. This phenomenon poses a significant risk of indoor exposure to human health risks. Incense burning， as one of the major indoor pollution sources， has been increasing in use in recent years due to its special effects in religious practices and regional lifestyles. Incense usually consists of herbs， wood powder， bamboo sticks， scented materials， and binder powders， and the specific chemical composition of each type of material is complex due to different uses and manufacturing processes； and the degree of complete combustion， thermal degradation and volatilization processes of different types of incense vary greatly， resulting in the release of gaseous and particulate organic compounds whose compositions are not yet clear. Studies have shown that the emission factors of particulate matter released from incense burning may be much higher than those produced during the combustion of charcoal， wood and cigarettes. The levels of organic pollutants emitted by incense burning， such as aromatic hydrocarbons， esters， ketones， benzenes， and phenols， are much higher than outdoor levels. Prolonged exposure to incense smoke has been shown to cause respiratory damage and potential genotoxicity. Therefore， accurate identification and measurement of the organic pollutants emitted from incense burning is particularly important to accurately assess their environmental and population health risks. Herein， this study established an analytical method based on ultrasonic extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） for the simultaneous determination of 67 organic compounds in gaseous and particulate emissions from incense burning. These compounds include 29 esters， seven benzene series， 14 phenols， and 17 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）. Particulate and gaseous components released during indoor incense burning were collected using quartz filter membrane and self-made XAD-2 resin sampling tubes， respectively. Non-targeted analysis of incense components was performed using a GC-quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （GC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS） to achieve preliminary identification of trace organic compounds in the incense-burning samples. Subsequently， targeted analysis was conducted using GC-MS in selected ion monitoring （SIM） mode， with quantification performed using the external standard method. Method validation results demonstrated good linearity for all 67 organic compounds within the range of 10 to 500 μg/L， with correlation coefficients （<i>r</i>）≥0.999 0. The limits of detection （LODs） and quantification （LOQs） were ranged from 0.02 to 0.33 µg/m³ and 0.03 to 0.67 µg/m³， respectively. At low， medium， and high spiked levels， the recoveries for the 67 organic compounds ","PeriodicalId":101336,"journal":{"name":"Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography","volume":"43 7","pages":"779-792"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12231483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}