Applied optics最新文献

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Deep learning-enhanced spectral ghost imaging with accelerated and high-fidelity reconstruction. 具有加速和高保真重建的深度学习增强光谱鬼影成像。
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.573030
Ran Tao, Chong Wang, Ze Chen, Xianghui Xue
{"title":"Deep learning-enhanced spectral ghost imaging with accelerated and high-fidelity reconstruction.","authors":"Ran Tao, Chong Wang, Ze Chen, Xianghui Xue","doi":"10.1364/AO.573030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.573030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ghost imaging is an indirect imaging method that utilizes the correlation properties of light to reconstruct the real-space image of an object. While originally developed in the spatial and temporal domains, its principles can be extended into the spectral domain by spatially dispersing broadband light and pseudo-randomly modulating its spectral components. In this work, we present a proof-of-concept implementation of computational spectral ghost imaging, combined with a deep learning framework to dramatically improve reconstruction fidelity and reduce measurement acquisition time. We introduce <b>S</b>pectral <b>G</b>host <b>I</b>maging using <b>C</b>onvolutional <b>N</b>eural <b>N</b>etwork (SGICNN), an encoder-decoder model trained exclusively on simulated data. Remarkably, SGICNN achieves high-fidelity image reconstruction and effective denoising of rudimentary spectral ghost images generated from as few as 8000 realizations, surpassing the accuracy of images constructed with 100,000 measurements. This corresponds to more than 10× reduction in acquisition time without compromising image quality. Our proposed approach is robust, straightforward, and holds strong potential for remote spectral sensing and high-resolution integrated spectrometers.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7799-7806"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polarization-independent and rotationally symmetric LiNbO3 tetramer metasurface supported by bound states in the continuum. 连续介质中束缚态支持的偏振无关旋转对称LiNbO3四聚体超表面。
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.569976
Jianing Shi, Jingwei Lv, Yanru Ren, Liangliang Li, Renfeng Li, Weijie Kong, Qiang Liu, Jianxin Wang, Wei Liu, Paul K Chu, Chao Liu, Haihao Fu
{"title":"Polarization-independent and rotationally symmetric LiNbO<sub>3</sub> tetramer metasurface supported by bound states in the continuum.","authors":"Jianing Shi, Jingwei Lv, Yanru Ren, Liangliang Li, Renfeng Li, Weijie Kong, Qiang Liu, Jianxin Wang, Wei Liu, Paul K Chu, Chao Liu, Haihao Fu","doi":"10.1364/AO.569976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.569976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metasurface transmission, where light of different wavelengths or modes is redistributed and regulated by the metasurface structure, plays a crucial role in modern photonics and nano-optics research. Herein, an in-plane symmetry-breaking approach is designed to excite quadruple transmission dips using the <i>L</i><i>i</i><i>N</i><i>b</i><i>O</i><sub>3</sub> metasurface based on the leaked plasmonic bound states in the continuum (BIC). The influence of the difference between the major and minor diameters of the ellipse of the <i>L</i><i>i</i><i>N</i><i>b</i><i>O</i><sub>3</sub> metasurface is accounted for, and the <i>C</i><sub>4<i>v</i></sub> symmetry is maintained. According to the theoretical derivation, four quasi-BICs are obtained, with the highest quality factor (<i>Q</i>-factor) reaching 2.1×10<sup>4</sup> and the figure of merit being 5707<i>R</i><i>I</i><i>U</i><sup>-1</sup>. The multi-level decomposition and near-field analysis of the four specific BIC modes indicate that the modes are excited by toroidal dipoles and magnetic quadrupoles rather than any related guided-mode resonances. The results reveal that the four resonances are polarization-independent, and their properties are maintained even for circularly polarized light. The results provide insights into the utilization of <i>L</i><i>i</i><i>N</i><i>b</i><i>O</i><sub>3</sub> in advanced integrated nonlinear optics for integrated optics, biosensing, filtering, and lasers.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7645-7653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Consultations on the WALES mission for profiling water vapor in the lower troposphere. 就威尔士对流层下层水汽剖面任务进行磋商。
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.568524
Guanglie Hong, Nanxiang Zhao, Yunsheng Qian
{"title":"Consultations on the WALES mission for profiling water vapor in the lower troposphere.","authors":"Guanglie Hong, Nanxiang Zhao, Yunsheng Qian","doi":"10.1364/AO.568524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.568524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reviews the WALES mission by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the HALO missions conducted by Langley Research Center (LaRC) of NASA. It evaluates potential risks associated with spaceborne applications by examining factors such as single-pulse energy, pulse repetition frequency, optical frequency stability, efficiency, spectral purity, and reliability. The review also explores advancements in solid-state laser technology operating at 820 nm over the past two decades, as well as recent developments in diode-pumped Er:YAG lasers. Key innovations from these technologies have been incorporated into differential absorption lidar transmitters to enhance performance. Separating weather forecasting from climate-change research is recommended for spaceborne missions. The 935 nm spectral band is optimal for water vapor DIAL measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). In contrast, the 820 nm band is ideal for measurements in the lower troposphere.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7856-7866"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145116008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-sensitivity fiber gas pressure sensor based on the Vernier effect generated by femtosecond laser-inscribed micro-cascaded FPIs. 基于飞秒激光刻微级联fpi产生游标效应的高灵敏度光纤气体压力传感器。
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.572004
Yao Bai, Shan Gao, Jing Yang, Yan Liu, Yijian Chen, Can Yang, Guopei Mao, Zheng Zhu, Jinhui Shi, Libo Yuan, Chunying Guan
{"title":"High-sensitivity fiber gas pressure sensor based on the Vernier effect generated by femtosecond laser-inscribed micro-cascaded FPIs.","authors":"Yao Bai, Shan Gao, Jing Yang, Yan Liu, Yijian Chen, Can Yang, Guopei Mao, Zheng Zhu, Jinhui Shi, Libo Yuan, Chunying Guan","doi":"10.1364/AO.572004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.572004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate a Vernier effect-enhanced all-fiber gas pressure sensor with an extremely simple structure. The sensor consists of a rectangular air cavity near the end face of a single-mode fiber (SMF) fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining. The two walls of the air cavity and the end face of the SMF form micro cascaded Fabry-Perot interferometers to generate the Vernier effect. The sensor exhibits a gas pressure sensitivity of 79.69 nm/MPa within a range of 0.1-2.5 MPa, an ultralow temperature cross-sensitivity of 0.0002 MPa/°C, and excellent stability. Owing to its straightforward fabrication and outstanding performance, the sensor holds significant potential for mass production and application in confined spaces for high-precision gas pressure monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7668-7676"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reliable downlink transmission for underwater optical wireless systems with energy harvesting and HARQ. 具有能量收集和HARQ的水下光学无线系统的可靠下行传输。
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.567274
Tuan-Ha H Thai, Chuyen T Nguyen, Hoang D Le, Anh T Pham
{"title":"Reliable downlink transmission for underwater optical wireless systems with energy harvesting and HARQ.","authors":"Tuan-Ha H Thai, Chuyen T Nguyen, Hoang D Le, Anh T Pham","doi":"10.1364/AO.567274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.567274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Given the limited bandwidth of radio frequency and acoustic waves, alongside the growing demand for high-speed data transmission in underwater applications, underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) has emerged as a promising and viable alternative. Nevertheless, UWOC systems face significant challenges due to performance degradation attributed to underwater attenuation, oceanic turbulence, bubble-induced blockages, and uncertainty in receiver positioning. This paper proposes a protocol design for reliable and energy-efficient UWOC operation. Specifically, we introduce an incremental redundancy hybrid automatic repeat request scheme integrated with energy harvesting capabilities. Additionally, a comprehensive and realistic UWOC channel model is developed to accurately characterize environmental impairments. To assess the system performance, we present a Markov chain-based analytical framework capable of deriving key performance metrics including average bit error rate, average throughput, average packet delay, and packet loss probability. Theoretical analysis is validated through the Monte Carlo simulations, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed design compared to state-of-the-art solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7768-7778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retrieval and application of the aerosol lidar ratio based on polarized Mie lidar: publisher's note. 基于偏振Mie激光雷达的气溶胶激光雷达比值检索与应用:出版者注。
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.576515
Ji Shen, Nianwen Cao, Liang Chen, Shaobo Yang, Xinglai Lu, Hao Chen, Han Wang, Liyao Yu, Zhangwei Wang
{"title":"Retrieval and application of the aerosol lidar ratio based on polarized Mie lidar: publisher's note.","authors":"Ji Shen, Nianwen Cao, Liang Chen, Shaobo Yang, Xinglai Lu, Hao Chen, Han Wang, Liyao Yu, Zhangwei Wang","doi":"10.1364/AO.576515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.576515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This publisher's note reports corrections to Appl. Opt.64, 6848 (2025)10.1364/AO.567814.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7787"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dual-channel encoding model in spatial and frequency domains for underwater polarimetric imaging: publisher's note. 双通道编码模型在空间和频域水下偏振成像:出版商的说明。
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.576495
Liyang Wu, Xiaofang Zhang, Jun Chang, Na Xie, Zhonghai He
{"title":"Dual-channel encoding model in spatial and frequency domains for underwater polarimetric imaging: publisher's note.","authors":"Liyang Wu, Xiaofang Zhang, Jun Chang, Na Xie, Zhonghai He","doi":"10.1364/AO.576495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.576495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This publisher's note reports corrections to Appl. Opt.64, 6803 (2025)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.564737.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Analysis of the impact of smoothing on residual error accuracy and high-precision figuring method based on spatial filtering in magnetorheological finishing for high-gradient CPP components. 高梯度CPP元件磁流变精加工中光顺对残差精度的影响及基于空间滤波的高精度计算方法分析
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.573766
Jianglin Long, Ci Song, Yunheng Chen, Feng Shi, Dede Zhai, Wanli Zhang, Zhanyang Wang, Zhaoyang Jiang
{"title":"Analysis of the impact of smoothing on residual error accuracy and high-precision figuring method based on spatial filtering in magnetorheological finishing for high-gradient CPP components.","authors":"Jianglin Long, Ci Song, Yunheng Chen, Feng Shi, Dede Zhai, Wanli Zhang, Zhanyang Wang, Zhaoyang Jiang","doi":"10.1364/AO.573766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.573766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The large-aperture CPP is widely used in inertial confinement fusion systems. It is a key diffractive optical element to achieve beam shaping and smoothing. Successful ignition fusion has placed high requirements on its surface accuracy and gradient. The MRF used to imprint large-aperture CPP will introduce mid-spatial frequency errors, which will seriously affect the performance of CPP and the further convergence of subsequent residual errors. Smooth is often used to control it. However, when facing CPP with a larger gradient, the smoothing effect is not ideal. When smoothing and smoothing mid-spatial frequency errors, the accuracy of the low-frequency surface shape and the high-gradient characteristics are often destroyed, or the suppression of mid-spatial frequency errors is not obvious. At this stage, there is a lack of research on this part. First, this paper explains the limitations of smoothing. To study the influence of smoothing processes with polishing disks of different sizes on introducing mid-spatial frequency, experiments were conducted. The influence of smoothing on each frequency band is systematically analyzed, and it is confirmed that smoothing effect on mid-spatial frequency errors on large-aperture high-gradient CPPs is weakened or even ineffective. Second, a method based on spatial filtering in MRF is proposed and applied to the imprinting of large-aperture high-gradient CPPs, achieving a residual error RMS of 31 nm within the clear aperture. Compared to the 45 nm obtained using traditional methods, the precision is improved by over 30%. This study reveals the mechanism and limitations of the smoothing process on error control in various frequency bands of high-gradient CPP and verifies the effectiveness of what we believe to be is a newly proposed method. It also provides a reliable technical approach for the manufacture of large-aperture high-gradient CPP and solves the problems of fairing surfaces and the failure to suppress intermediate frequency errors and destruction of surface shape when facing high-gradient CPP.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7654-7666"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flux-based calibration method for in-orbit non-linearity correction of large digital photodetector arrays. 基于通量的大型数字光电探测器阵列在轨非线性校正方法。
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.564799
Baptiste Gonon-Mathieu, Felix Witte, Markus Haiml
{"title":"Flux-based calibration method for in-orbit non-linearity correction of large digital photodetector arrays.","authors":"Baptiste Gonon-Mathieu, Felix Witte, Markus Haiml","doi":"10.1364/AO.564799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.564799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents a method to measure and correct the non-linearity of a high-resolution digital photodetector based on photon flux variation. This so-called \"derivative sampling method\" requires no calibrated light source or reference and has been successfully implemented with two SLEDs. This setup could be easily adapted for future satellites for accurate post-launch in-orbit calibration. A correction greater than one order of magnitude has been achieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7739-7745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Highly sensitive fiber optic temperature sensor based on a Solc-Sagnac interferometer with the harmonic Vernier effect. 基于谐波游标效应的Solc-Sagnac干涉仪的高灵敏度光纤温度传感器。
Applied optics Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1364/AO.572300
Xiaoxiang Liu, Cui Liang, Wenlong Sun, Yilan Zhou, Tengchao Huang
{"title":"Highly sensitive fiber optic temperature sensor based on a Solc-Sagnac interferometer with the harmonic Vernier effect.","authors":"Xiaoxiang Liu, Cui Liang, Wenlong Sun, Yilan Zhou, Tengchao Huang","doi":"10.1364/AO.572300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.572300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We propose and demonstrate a novel fiber optic temperature sensor (FOTS), to our knowledge, that simultaneously achieves both high sensitivity and rapid response. The FOTS is based on a compact Solc-Sagnac interferometer that incorporates thin polarization-maintaining fibers (TPMFs). Splicing two TPMFs of different lengths at a certain angle could achieve the Vernier effect to enhance sensitivity. The low thermal capacity of TPMF could significantly enhance the dynamic response of a harmonic Vernier effect-based FOTS. Theoretical and simulation analyses demonstrate that a distinct normal Vernier effect is generated when two TPMFs of nearly equal length are fused at a 45° splicing angle between their fast axes. The different-order harmonic Vernier effect is realized by configuring the length of one TPMF to be an additional detuning factor plus an integer multiple of the other TPMF length, and the inner-envelope fitting technique is also proposed. The impact of different-order harmonics (<i>i</i>) and the detuning factor (<i>Δ</i><i>L</i><sub>0</sub>) on sensitivity is investigated. The experiments demonstrate that the temperature sensitivity is directly proportional to the harmonic order (<i>i</i>) and inversely proportional to the detuning factor (<i>Δ</i><i>L</i><sub>0</sub>). When the FOTS realized the second-order Vernier effect, it achieved a temperature sensitivity of 27.12 nm/°C. The FOTS features high sensitivity, simple structure, ease of manufacturing, rapid response, low hysteresis effect, and excellent stability. It holds significant potential for engineering applications requiring real-time temperature monitoring and precise temperature control.</p>","PeriodicalId":101299,"journal":{"name":"Applied optics","volume":"64 26","pages":"7817-7826"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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