{"title":"From ideologies to practice: A political ecology approach to green transitions–The case of Tanzania's Ujamaa sustainability communities","authors":"Christopher C. Graham","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable living is a core construct within the global green movement. Envisioning a more environmentally conscious future for Earth, the green movement denounces high consumption lifestyles and fossil fuel dependence. Like other nations, African countries are increasingly joining the green movement by trying to pursue low-carbon growth and sustainable development. So far, this green transition has been easier said than done. For the most part, capacity gaps and non-compliance among local populations and special interest groups within countries persist for various reasons. Green transitions thus constitute a complex meshwork of ideologies, policies, and practices that need further exploration in the development literature. Whereas previous studies have focused on the econometrics of green transitions, this study takes a political ecology approach. Utilizing a qualitative historical case study and content analysis, this article examines key factors that impact the realization of this proposed green future for the African continent. The historical case analyzed is the Ujamaa policy and communities (Ujamaa Villages) established by the government of Tanzania between 1967 and 1985. The findings of this study suggest that despite the promise of a more just, sustainable, and eco-friendly future, embedded colonial legacies, hypercapitalist markets, and neoliberal values often undermine the implementation of programs and projects that are needed to jump-start and maintain green transitions, particularly in natural resource-dependent post-colonial societies. Shaped by these ideological and socio-ecological paradoxes, government interests, media portrayals, and public choices are often antagonistic to sustainability practices. This article further highlights the intricate interplay between political ideology, development economics, social-environmental movements, and land use ecology in Africa and the wider Global South.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Challenges with microplastic pollution in the regime of UN sustainable development goals","authors":"Moharana Choudhury , Priyabrata Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth of synthetic polymers has resulted in a significant rise in the manufacturing and use of plastics worldwide. Microplastics (MPs) may survive in the environment for very prolonged periods because of how slowly plastics degrade. Information on the importance of several potential entrance paths and the number of MPs entering the environment via numerous mediums is still needed. Numerous questions about the environmental consequences of MPs remain unsolved despite the enormous amount of research that has been carried out. It is still difficult to understand the true effects on a population exposed to several MPs with various structures, sizes, and shapes throughout a lifetime. Importantly, hazardous chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants could be deposited on the physical surface of MPs. As a result, it could be a localized source of environmental contamination or a pathway for harmful contaminants in the food chain, which has serious consequences for human health. This review emphasizes the various sources of MP pollution and its implications for aquatic, human health, and terrestrial ecosystems with respect to the legal implications of managing it under the canopy of the United Nations' sustainable development objectives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emily Mutea , Johanna Jacobi , Stephan Rist , Boniface Kiteme , Md Sarwar Hossain
{"title":"Agricultural commercialization and food security: Evidence and policy implications for smallholder farmers in Kenya","authors":"Emily Mutea , Johanna Jacobi , Stephan Rist , Boniface Kiteme , Md Sarwar Hossain","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the relationship between agricultural commercialization and food security among smallholder farmers in Kenya, integrating the Market Structure, Conduct, and Performance (SCP) paradigm with peasant economic theory. Using mixed methods (household survey, participant observations, and expert interviews), we compare the degrees of commercialization between food secure and food insecure households in a rural area of Kenya. Contrary to the assumption that commercialization enhances food security, our findings reveal a more complex reality. Food insecure households exhibit higher overall commercialization indices but face significant challenges, including limited access to resources, market imperfections, and a risk-averse nature prioritizing subsistence over profit maximization. The study highlights the importance of market structure and conduct in shaping food security outcomes. Factors such as farm size, crop diversity, and barriers to market entry are crucial. Food secure households benefit from larger landholdings, diversified crops, and better access to markets and inputs, leading to higher productivity and more stable food supplies. In contrast, food insecure households struggle with smaller landholdings, less diversification, and greater reliance on local markets, making them more vulnerable to food insecurity. Our research underscores the need for a holistic approach to agricultural commercialization that addresses structural issues and provides comprehensive support to smallholder farmers. Policy recommendations include strengthening property rights, improving rural infrastructure, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, and implementing social safety nets. By creating an enabling environment that supports the diverse needs of smallholder farmers, policymakers can enhance food security and promote sustainable agricultural development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable healing: Natural compounds facilitating the future cancer treatment","authors":"M.Amin Mir , Bimal Krishna Banik","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural products have always played an important part in cancer treatment. These chemicals are generally obtained from plants and microbes, which are significant sources of bioactive molecules with strong anticancer effects. Plant-derived anticancer drugs include Cisplatin, Taxanes, Gemcitabine, Erlotinib, Berberine, and Antroquinonol. These chemicals have shown great success in treating several forms of cancer. Microorganisms, notably bacteria and fungus, create a variety of natural chemicals having potent anticancer properties. Many of these microbial compounds, which were initially identified and utilized as antibiotics, have later been shown to have powerful anticancer effects. Examples include rapamycins, carfilzomib, midostaurin, and Adcetris. These chemicals are physically and chemically varied, and they frequently exhibit their anticancer effects via novel modes of action, such as accelerating specific biochemical processes within cancer cells that impede growth, proliferation, or survival. This review examines a number of medications derived from both plant and microbial sources that have shown efficacy against various malignancies, demonstrating the possibility for combining natural products from multiple sources to produce new, more effective cancer treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does the relative size of agricultural exports matter for sustainable development? Evidence from Sub-Sahara Africa","authors":"Taofeekat Temitope Nofiu, Rashidat Sumbola Akande, Hauwah K.K. Abdulkareem, Sodiq Olaiwola Jimoh","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the effect of the relative size of agricultural exports on sustainable development across 46 sub-Saharan African countries between 1999 and 2020. Using data on adjusted net savings and sustainable development indices as proxies for sustainable development, the empirical analysis applies the Driscoll-Kraay standard error method which accounts for cross-sectional dependence. The results indicate that the relative size of agricultural exports has a positive effect on sustainable development while agricultural non-export production is found to contribute more to sustainable development than agricultural exports. Given agriculture's dominance and the agro-based export potential for these economies, the study recommends pro-agricultural export policies aimed at expanding agricultural exports over non-agricultural exports if the choice is between exporting agricultural commodities and exporting non-agricultural commodities. However, the import substitution strategy should be prioritized over the agricultural export promotion strategy when choosing between exporting agricultural commodities and producing for domestic consumption for higher sustainable outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On income inequality and CO2 emissions in Bangladesh","authors":"Syeed Khan , Leanora Brown , Anupam Das","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The United Nations called for a holistic approach to successfully achieve the sustainable development goals. In this study, we examine the association between two of those sustainable development goals, namely income inequality and emissions. More specifically, we analyze if income inequality is dynamically related to per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in Bangladesh. We apply the autoregressive distributed lags technique while accounting for other important factors including national income, price, and urbanization. The dataset used in this study covers the period from 1980 to 2021. The results suggest long run cointegrations, running from income inequality to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Importantly, a one percent increase in the income share of the top 1% tends to increase per capita CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 0.52%. These findings are consistent with the political economy theory and the Veblen effect hyopthesis. We provide policy suggestions which are relevant to Bangladesh and other developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of public climate change adaptation policies on women's employment and poverty in Burkina Faso","authors":"Boureima Sawadogo","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is expected to bring hotter periods and reduced rainfall to Burkina Faso, decreasing water availability and soil moisture. This will negatively affect agriculture and food production. This study uses a gender-dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model linked to a microsimulation model to evaluate the potential impacts of climate change and two adaptation policies on sustainable development goals (SDGs) such as poverty (SDG1), food security (SDG2), gender equality (SDG5), and economic growth (SDG8) for Burkina Faso up to 2050. The CGE model utilizes the 2019 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM), while poverty incidence calculations are based on the 2018/2019 Harmonized Household Living Conditions Survey, which covers 7010 households in Burkina Faso. Climate change is projected to harm Burkina Faso's economy through production losses, price increases, reduced food access and availability, greater food import dependency, increased extreme poverty, and GDP losses. The scenario drives down employment, with women being the most affected. However, simulation results suggest that adaptation policies could mitigate these effects by improving food security, reducing extreme poverty, and addressing wage inequalities. Investing in agricultural research and development may be more effective than expanding irrigated land in mitigating climate change impacts, highlighting the need for robust adaptation policies to address gender pay disparities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why the impasse? The large dams debate and divergent perspectives","authors":"Lucy Goodman","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Should we build more large dams? This has been the subject of articles, one multi-stakeholder world commission, government inquiries and protest movements. Nevertheless, unresolved disagreements have persisted for 50 years within the literature on this topic. More recently, the call for hydropower for climate change mitigation has concentrated attention. However, focusing on the energy transition has not resolved more fundamental questions within the contradictory narratives around large dams. I describe the current debate by investigating its subjectivities using Q methodology. In Q methodology, participants rank controversial notions from the debate, and the researcher uses these rankings' scores to retrieve generic opinion profiles. Twenty-seven participants ranked thirty-seven statements on large dams, the result is three opinion profiles (\"Dam Busters\", \"Dam Necessarists\" and \"It-Dependers\") and their points of contention. Divisive issues are the economic benefits, climate change and renewable energy, engineering solutions for impact mitigation, and cultural issues. The most profound division was between the ideology and politics of the Dam Busters and Dam Necessarists regarding the necessity of dams for mitigating climate change, and the economic benefits. Ideas and political values significantly shaped people's viewpoints, leading to a more intractable debate. I conclude by arguing against simplifying the debate into Not-In -My-BackYard (“NIMBY”) and There-Is-No-Alternative (“TINA”). Instead, I suggest the debate will move forward if we acknowledge that the divisions are subjective and ideological and if there is transparency around where disagreements lie. As an individual's ideology rarely changes, I propose that objective approaches will not resolve the debate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kene Boun My , Huy Nguyen-Quang , Phu Nguyen-Van , Thi Kim Cuong Pham , Anne Stenger , Tuyen Tiet , Nguyen To-The
{"title":"Farmers’ preferences toward organic certification scheme: Evidence from a discrete choice experiment in Northern Vietnam","authors":"Kene Boun My , Huy Nguyen-Quang , Phu Nguyen-Van , Thi Kim Cuong Pham , Anne Stenger , Tuyen Tiet , Nguyen To-The","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses a quantitative approach based on a discrete choice experiment with 586 farmers in Northern Vietnam to measure how representative market and non-market factors could influence their preferences for participating in organic certification schemes. Our results suggest that a sales contract with either flexible or guaranteed prices is a significant incentive to explain their willingness to pay higher production costs to be involved in organic certification schemes. Furthermore, providing farmers with training and technical support is also essential to motivate farmers toward organic agriculture. Finally, neighborhood cooperatives and formal leaders’ participation in organic certification could encourage farmers to convert to organic agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of digital industries on carbon emission in China: Input-output and structural decomposition analysis","authors":"Yuke Li , Jing Wu , Xiaodong Pei , Qianting Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wds.2025.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of digital industries (DI) on carbon emissions has drawn significant attention, however, comprehensive consideration of regional heterogeneity, industry variability, and direct and indirect impacts is still lacking in existing studies. This study uses the Input-Output method and Structural Decomposition Analysis models to measure the structural effects of DI on carbon emissions in China from 2007 to 2017, through a dual perspective of “region-industry”. The results show that: (1) embodied carbon emissions of DI show an upward trend, and the indirect carbon emissions are much higher than the direct carbon emissions; (2) the structural effects of DI contribute to a total reduction of -45.68 Mt in China's carbon emissions, but the structural effects of DI on embodied carbon emissions show significant regional heterogeneity, and the carbon emissions in Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, and other provinces have obvious changes; (3) the structural effects of DI primarily affect carbon emissions in the industrial and service sectors, in the early stage, the structural effects of DI led to an increase in the carbon emissions of the industrial sectors and a decrease in the service sectors, however, in recent years, the trend reversed; (4) based on the development level of DI and the structural effects of DI on carbon emissions in each industry, 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in China can be classified into five categories, and tailored emission reduction strategies should be implemented in different provinces. The above findings provide scientific references for exploring how regions can synergize carbon reduction while promoting the digital economy from the perspective of industry sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101285,"journal":{"name":"World Development Sustainability","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}