{"title":"EUS-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy","authors":"U Will","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70210-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70210-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In patients with jaundice and unsuccessful biliary drainage with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography because of a situation after operation (gastrectomy, Roux-y hepaticogastrostomy (HG), Billroth-II operation), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided biliary drainage has been introduced as an alternative to percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage. Here is demonstrated an EUS-guided HG in a patient 1 year after Whipple operation with relapse of pancreatic cancer and with peritonal and hepatic metastases and intrahepatic cholestases. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 472-475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70210-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76901200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K Okamoto, T Takaoka, N Muguruma, T Takayama, Y Niitsu
{"title":"Endoscopy of Aberrant Crypt Foci: The Expert Approach","authors":"K Okamoto, T Takaoka, N Muguruma, T Takayama, Y Niitsu","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70156-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70156-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were found to be possible precursors of adenoma and cancer, as well as useful surrogate lesions for chemoprevention of colorectal cancer. The aberrant crypts are stained more darkly with methylene blue and have a thicker epithelial lining and a larger pericryptal zone than normal crypts. Recently, advanced endoscopic imaging techniques have been found to be more helpful to improve detection and characterization of ACF in the colon. For inspection of ACF, optimal bowel preparation and a high-resolution endoscope equipped with a magnifying function is required. After spraying plenty of methylene blue, the mucosal surface should be washed with plenty of water to remove the sticky mucus. Once the dark blue spot is recognized with low magnification, zooming up to the maximum point should be performed. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 357-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70156-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82093609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applications of Confocal Endomicroscopy in Colon Polyps","authors":"MB Wallace","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70130-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70130-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Confocal endomicroscopy is a new technique which provides real-time histological imaging of mucosa during endoscopy. Intravenous fluorescein is typically used to provide contrast. It distributes quickly within all compartments of the tissue and enables endomicroscopy within seconds of injection. This video describes the application of confocal endomicroscopy in the detection of suspicious lesions as well as sites where, previously, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was done. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 301-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70130-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89657404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endosonography in Autoimmune Pancreatitis","authors":"M. Hocke, A. Ignee","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70244-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70244-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"7 1","pages":"567-568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89981730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Over-the-Wire Stent Exchange Using a Simple Snare Technique in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography","authors":"JG Albert, S Zangos, M Friedrich-Rust","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70223-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70223-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stent insertion is an established technique of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) to treat symptomatic malignant or benign biliary strictures, and stent placement is accomplished by using the over-the-wire (OTW) method. In some cases, however, it might be challenging and sometimes time consuming to pass a complex biliary stricture with the guidewire. Stent-exchange technique with a guidewire left in place during stent removal might therefore be helpful to guarantee successful and time-sparing interventions.</p><p>A simple method is presented to remove the stent with the guidewire left in place, using the OTW stent-exchange method in ERCP. This technique simplifies stent OTW exchange by using a simple endoscopy snare. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 510-511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70223-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86586108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"En Bloc Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of a Large Right Colonic Serrated Lesion","authors":"JE East","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70140-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70140-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sessile serrated lesions (sessile serrated adenomas or polyps), particularly in the proximal colon, are increasingly recognized as premalignant lesions, which require removal; however, to remove these flat and indistinct lesions in the thin-walled right colon can be technically demanding. In this article, en bloc endoscopic mucosal resection technique is demonstrated for a 12-mm sessile serrated lesion in the proximal colon. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 321-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70140-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86018681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Endoscopic Ultrasound Examination of the Papilla and the Biliary System","authors":"C Jenssen","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70208-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70208-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Examination of the papilla of Vater and biliary system is feasible using radial or longitudinal scanning echoendoscopes, respectively. The complete extrahepatic bile duct may be followed from the papilla to liver hilum. Additionally, the gallbladder and intrahepatic biliary tree of the left liver can be visualized. Altered anatomy and juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum may impede the evaluation of the papilla and distal common bile duct. Benign stenosis or adenomyomatous hyperplasia of the papilla are conditions occurring predominantly in older patients with a history of gallbladder stones. EUS is the procedure of choice in the evaluation of a dilated common bile duct or in suspected biliary pathology when transabdominal ultrasound fails. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 465-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70208-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90749562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Vivo Characterization of DALM in Ulcerative Colitis with Probe-Based Confocal Laserendomicroscopy: The Expert's Approach","authors":"GD De Palma","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70165-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70165-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The term dysplasia-associated lesional mass (DALM) refers to a heterogeneous population of endoscopically visible lesions within the colitic colon, in the course of inflammatory bowel diseases, which has an associated dysplasia in the surrounding mucosa at histology. The presence of DALM is an indication for colectomy. Here the technique of probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy is demonstrated for <em>in vivo</em> characterization of DALM in a patient with chronic ulcerative colitis. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 375-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70165-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85410850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Radiation Proctitis","authors":"G Ahlenstiel, R Sonson, MJ Bourke","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70137-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70137-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Radiation proctitis (RP) is a common side effect of radiation therapy to the pelvis. It often manifests as rectal bleeding. Endoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) is considered the best treatment option for symptomatic patients. Herein, a case with classical diagnostic features in an 85-year-old male with recent treatment for prostate cancer including therapeutic intervention using APC has been presented. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 316-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70137-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80708570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Choledocholithiasis – Sphincterotomy and Stone Extraction with a Basket","authors":"J Pohl","doi":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70198-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70198-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endoscopic sphincterotomy is a basic technique that enables extraction of biliary stones by enlarging the papillary opening. However, it is also the most invasive procedure routinely performed by endoscopists and is associated with a considerable complication risk, especially when not properly performed. Here the author presents a case with jaundice and suspected biliary stones. Step-by-step explanation of the sphincterotomy and stone extraction technique with a basket is provided. Moreover, options for cannulating a floppy papilla are demonstrated. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101274,"journal":{"name":"Video Journal and Encyclopedia of GI Endoscopy","volume":"1 2","pages":"Pages 442-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S2212-0971(13)70198-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88247442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}