Urban Governance最新文献

{"title":"From COVID-19 to fuel subsidy removal in Nigeria: Assessing the political opportunities for local grievance","authors":"Boluwatife Solomon Ajibola","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How do publics protest local misgovernance? Two crisis cycles that posed severe economic hardship on ordinary Nigerians – the COVID-19 pandemic [2020] and the fuel subsidy removal policy [2023] – are interesting cases by which this study examines the dynamics of grassroot protests that are triggered by economic crises. It assesses the incentives and disincentives for local mobilisations across the two episodes and arrives at <em>fundamental</em> and <em>direct</em> factors underpinning local grievance and local governance inefficiencies. This study contends that social and economic opportunities for grassroot protests are created or subverted within a larger political context which hosts and possesses the capacity to mediate those collective action prospects. It further argues that the polarisation of the Nigerian polity occasioned by the 2023 general elections cycle partly accounts for the absence of immediate protests in response to the 2023 fuel subsidy removal policy, in contrast to the widespread demonstrations that instantly greeted the 2012 episode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 351-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143354757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering urban resilience: Grassroots volunteering for a renewed shock-response governance in post-pandemic Milan","authors":"Chiara Caterina Razzano ,&nbsp;Monica Bernardi","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical weaknesses in neoliberal urban governance, exacerbating pre-existing inequalities, poverty, and social exclusion. Public services in cities like Milan, Italy, struggled to meet growing needs, while traditional welfare systems appeared inadequate in addressing these escalating challenges. The study examines how grassroots initiatives, such as the Brigate Volontarie per l'Emergenza (BVEs, or Volunteer Brigades for Emergencies) evolved from informal volunteer groups into institutional partners and engaged in a successful response to the shocks generated in the city by COVID-19-induced measures. This transformation significantly influences Milan's crisis response and governance structures, thus enabling a renewal of community empowerment and urban resilience, from the bottom-up.</div><div>The research, based on semi-structured interviews, participant observation of volunteering activities, and researchers’ direct involvement in these initiatives, shows how Milan's integration of traditional governance with bottom-up, community-driven efforts has shaped a new collaborative governance model, characterized by adaptability, solidarity, and community empowerment. The study enriches the discourse on urban resilience by providing insights into the interplay between grassroots initiatives and institutional frameworks in shaping post-pandemic urban recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 4","pages":"Pages 374-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143308111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering urban futures: Key competencies for smart city resilience officers","authors":"Paraskevi Tsoutsa ,&nbsp;Theodor Panagiotakopoulos ,&nbsp;Vyron Damasiotis ,&nbsp;Panos Fitsilis","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.07.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As cities are developing to smart, new systems are utilized that contain a multitude of critical infrastructures. Although these offer major advantages, they are also exposed to new external and frequently uncontrollable factors increasing their risk exposure and enhancing their vulnerability. Therefore, increasing resilience during city development has become a prerequisite for its survival, but continuous resilience improvement led by workforce will help them to prosper. According to researchers, officers should be able to catalogue and prioritize threats and vulnerabilities, but is this only the case? Discrete studies detail and analyze in-depth risks related to smart cities, however, how these risks are addressed by workforce and how these are related to their competencies have not been thoroughly understood to date. If vulnerabilities are not understood and analyzed appropriately by the city workforce and stakeholders, unanticipated consequences and cascading failures may potential occur, even when crises are expected. The objective of this article is to inquire into responsibilities regarding crisis issues concerning the necessary competencies for resilience officers, by exploring current perceptions, expectations and recommendations as these are acknowledged in experts’ opinions and experiences. To do so, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to experts in the field, across various cities in Greece, to indicate responsibilities, and prioritize competencies that resilient officers in smart cities should possess. The findings highlighted significant responsibilities related to managing smart city risks and identified a distinct set of competencies unique to officers in this area, emphasizing the need for targeted efforts to enhance urban resilience through the initiatives led by city officers. This article establishes a clear path for advancing smart city research by highlighting competencies that could be integrated into educational curriculums. These competencies are essential for training a workforce that not only enhances disaster management awareness but also equips cities to handle potential catastrophic events effectively, thereby laying the groundwork for more resilient urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 180-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking the adoption of sustainable trash disposal practices: Evidence from Benin’s waste management amid urbanization","authors":"Dafeng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper empirically investigates trash disposal practices among internal migrants in cities in Benin, a representative African country undergoing rapid urbanization. Compared to existing residents, Benin's new urban populations are less likely to dispose of trash sustainably, which is defined as trash disposal through formal collection services. Using Benin census data, this paper employs various linear and non-linear regression models to show that new urban residents experience “environmental assimilation” by progressively adopting the approach to trash disposal through formal collection services over time. In the long run, they may develop similar trash disposal practices compared to existing residents. Moreover, we use similar regression models to show that socioeconomic factors (e.g., education) are unlikely to account for their assimilation, and this assimilation pattern is mostly observed in larger cities, which have sufficient capacity for waste management. Small cities with rapidly growing populations show a significantly lower proportion of trash disposal through collection services among newly arrived migrants, as well as weak or no signs of their environmental assimilation over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 198-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reimagining cities as self-organising capital creating ecosystems","authors":"Kevin C. Desouza ,&nbsp;Richard T. Watson ,&nbsp;Marc E.  B. Picavet","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Executives who lead cities face considerable challenges. Cities are complex ecosystems comprising myriad interacting systems, including information systems, which are vital for their operation and prosperity. Recognizing the value that information systems can offer, significant investments have been made to acquire these systems and make cities smarter or more intelligent. However, many smart city projects have failed to deliver on their promises due to a lack of clarity regarding their overall goals. Smarter or more intelligent towards what end? This article provides a systems-inspired approach to urban planning based on the premise that a city is a self-organising, capital-creating ecosystem composed of a city's administration and the many organizations within its domain. As the city's keystone entity, the administration's role is to create capital that enhances the capital productivity of other ecosystem members and nourishes innovators to boost capital creativity. A capital improvement budgeting framework can specify the allocation of all forms of capital to promote symbiotic connections between the various entities within a city. A city stack is designed to guide a city's administration in cooperating with its self-organising ecosystem. A research agenda to foster capital creation by city leaders is also outlined.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 151-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban resilience: Multidimensional perspectives, challenges and prospects for future research","authors":"Naim Kapucu ,&nbsp;Yue Ge ,&nbsp;Emilie Rott ,&nbsp;Hasan Isgandar","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This manuscript investigates the multifaceted concept of urban resilience amidst escalating urbanization and environmental challenges. The study identifies and examines key problems across environmental, infrastructural, economic, human, social, and institutional dimensions of urban resilience through a systematic review of literature and consultations with experts in the field. Emphasizing the significance of interdisciplinary collaboration and community involvement, the research underscores the necessity for innovative approaches to bolster urban resilience. By shedding light on the intricate dynamics of urban challenges, the study advocates for sustainable urban development strategies that prioritize resilience-building. Insights from the study pave the way for future research endeavors aimed at addressing urban complexities and fostering resilient urban environments that can withstand and adapt to external and internal disturbances effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 162-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of tertiary educational institution on the spatial expansion of Ekpoma town, Nigeria","authors":"Jolly Osaretin Egharevba,&nbsp;Godspower Oseaga Oseyomon","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study seeks to address the relational impact of educational institution on the spatiotemporal growth of Ekpoma town. It examines the “urban growth” effects that the tertiary institution has on its site location. Landsat Imageries of Ekpoma town were downloaded and imported into ArcGIS software ArcMap 10.8, where the Supervised Maximum Likelihood Analysis was carried out on the datasets. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the rate of contribution of the various university campuses to the spatial expansion of each zone and linear regression analysis was used to determine the rate of contribution of the spatial densification of AAU campuses to the spatial expansion of Ekpoma town. The Land-use type of interest was the built-up areas. The town was delineated into three zones, each with a University campus. Zone A has the Main Ambrose Alli University (AAU) Campus, College of Medicine in Zone B, and Emuado campus in Zone C. The land use classification analysis was performed for the university campuses and Ekpoma town, for the years 1987, 2002, and 2023. The result shows that there is a strong positive linear relationship between the spatial densification of AAU campuses and the spatial expansion of Ekpoma town, with an R² value of 0.986. This implies that for every 1km² densification of the campuses, there is an increase of 32.030km² in the spatial expansion of Ekpoma town. Thus, it was projected using the regression model that by the year 2043, the spatial extent of Ekpoma town would be 67.9462 km². These findings are valuable for informing existing land use and urban planning practices. Understanding the complex dynamics of urban expansion would help create a sustainable and resilient growth of the town in the future, avoiding possible pitfalls in urban development initiatives in the town.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 210-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Households’ access and expenditure on water services: Examining intra-urban differences in the Accra metropolis, Ghana","authors":"Louis Kusi Frimpong ,&nbsp;Stephen Leonard Mensah ,&nbsp;Austin Dziwornu Ablo","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite years of investment into the water sector in Ghana, access to and expenditure on potable water for drinking and domestic use remain a challenge for most urban households. However, within the urban context, the severity of water challenges varies from one residential community to another, with less research attention often given to such intra-urban differences. To address this gap, this study examines differences in household access and expenditure on pipe-borne water in three varying socio-economic residential communities in Accra. The study used a convergent mixed method design and drew on secondary literature, to examine the differences in households' access to and expenditure on water. The findings revealed that Jamestown, a low-income residential community, had the lowest connection to the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) grid, with many respondents depending on pipe-borne water outside dwellings operated by private water retailers. While the findings showed no significant differences in the regularity of flow and expenditure on water among the three varying socio-economic communities, the paper argues that low-income communities such as Jamestown are likely to be more affected due to existing socio-economic deprivation and vulnerability contexts. Based on the study findings, we recommend that efforts be made to increase investment in water infrastructure to enable households to connect to the GWCL grid. Attention should also be given to low-income households, who often lack the means to pay for services that will enable them to connect to the GWCL grid. Further, we recommend improved collaboration between local communities and GWCL as a way of fostering strategies that address the peculiar water challenges in local communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 222-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking into urban toponymic verticality: An initial note","authors":"Sergei Basik","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current vertical/volumetric turn affected various academic fields, including urban scholarship. This short note broadens the critical literature by applying this emerging perspective on urban toponymic systems in the context of urban governance. Synthesizing the critical toponymic approaches with the notions of volume and verticality of urban space, this paper advanced critical urban governance scholarship, introducing a concept of toponymic verticality. The short note reveals the spatial vertical stratification of the urban toponymic system, its place-making potential, and political-economic functionality. These initial findings can contribute to future research in practical aspects of the politics of “good” urban governance and potentially rethinking the traditional two-dimensional spatiality toward understanding the complexity of the spatial relations in urban landscapes through the verticality of urban place names.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 193-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of housing demands and residential rent costs in an emerging city in Southern Nigeria","authors":"Famous Ozabor ,&nbsp;Prince Ike Onyemenam ,&nbsp;Vremudia Onyeayana Wekpe ,&nbsp;Adekunle Obisesan","doi":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ugj.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Housing is vital to human experience. It is the basis and foci of daily activities. In Asaba, a strategically located, fast-growing metropolis, city officials are confronted by myriads of urban planning issues, one of which is provision of urban housing. This study attempted to identify the determinants of housing demands and costs of residential rents within the city (Asaba). In this study, the ex-post facto and survey designs were deployed. The data for the study comprised of the primary (questionnaire data) and secondary (historical housing data) types. For effective questionnaire administration, the study area was stratified into high, medium and low income areas. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were deployed for data analyses. The results indicated that the key determinants of residential housing demand and costs were ease of access to public transport (69 %), nearness to security formations (80 %) and higher demand for houses in supply (75.8 %); and the Spearman's rank correlation showed that these factors were significant at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05. Other factors such as availability of electricity and access to water supply were not significant determinants of choice of housing at <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05. This is due to the fact that the whole region lacks adequate electricity supply and water is self-harnessed through boreholes. ANOVA showed that there was a significant temporal variation in the cost of residential housing rents at <em>p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05</em> (F-69.03; sig 0.000). Consequently, this study recommends that there is need for the decentralisation of the city; which should be realised by an efficient development of the suburbs to high standards that would meet the requirements of prospective renters. Policy development and establishment of basic facilities in the suburbs, would help actualise this decentralization. Also, collaboration between government and private developers could yield more supply in the housing stuck, consequently reducing costs of housing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101266,"journal":{"name":"Urban Governance","volume":"4 3","pages":"Pages 232-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142528750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}