Total Environment Research Themes最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing the resilience of midsize cities to climate extremes: A tool for practitioners to assess their governance context","authors":"Gül Özerol,&nbsp;Hans Bressers","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With increasing awareness and impacts of climate change, many cities strive for resilience to absorb and recover from shocks and disruptions from climate extremes. Working towards making a city climate resilient implies the design and adjustment of strategies, which often involve water-related projects and require cross-sectoral collaboration. Various tools and approaches exist to support cities in assessing and improving their climate resilience. However, they often address the characteristics of large cities, and few of them consider how the governance context, including social, institutional and political circumstances, affects the implementation of strategies and projects. Tailor-made tools are needed for midsize cities to address their specific characteristics and assess their governance context. This paper presents such a governance assessment tool for practitioners in midsize cities. Building on an existing governance assessment tool, we co-designed and applied a practitioners’ tool in collaboration with seven mid-size cities in the North Sea Region. The tool guides the practitioners in midsize cities to assess how the governance context affects the realization of strategies and projects towards urban climate resilience. Experience of the practitioners that applied the tool indicate that it is easy to use and provides insights into supportive and restrictive aspects of governance, with room for improvement regarding formulation of the assessment questions and answers. While the tool is relevant for other policy fields, its application would require re-tailoring the questions and answers to the specific context of those fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49757110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of health risk and pollution load for heavy and toxic metal contamination from leachate in soil and groundwater in the vicinity of dumping site in Mid-Brahmaputra Valley, India","authors":"Piu Saha ,&nbsp;Kundil Kumar Saikia ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar ,&nbsp;Sumi Handique","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The leakage of leachate from highly contaminated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) landfill sites to the soil and groundwater may severely impact human health. The present study aimed to rank the levels of harmful metals Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni evolving through leachate in different environmental matrices. An old but not stable landfill site near Morabharali River in Tezpur town, India, was selected for the study. The nature of groundwater was found to be slightly acidic, while leachate was alkaline in nature. While both landfill employees and locals in the target region were at a safe level (HI &lt; 1), the children's hazard index (HI)levels (ing and inh) were higher than adults. The Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ICLR) rating for adults in the residential area was higher than that for children, however ILCR derm value found to be highest in children's bodies for Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb were 8.34 × 10⁻⁷,7.87 × 10⁻⁷, 7.09 × 10⁻⁷, and 9.02 × 10⁻⁷ respectively and may affect the skin of the children. A high Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) of 18.39 was observed, indicating that the waste dumped in the landfill has not yet attained stability and the LPI was highly influenced by total chromium. LPI was higher in a few sites, and in a few places, it was low to moderate. Groundwater's heavy metal pollution index was observed to be highest in Site 10 and Site 12 and the concentration of heavy metals in the water was in a sequence as Mn &gt; Zn &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; Cu &gt; Pb. The contamination index was found to be highest for manganese. Index of contamination for ground water categorized 30% of the sites to be “High” contaminated, 13% to be “Mid” contaminated, and 57% were found to be categorized as “Low” contamination. Correlation coefficient pairs for metals Zn, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni in soils ranged from 0.47 to 0.93. In contrast, it ranged from 0.92 to 0.96 in water samples which implied they were significantly positively correlated with each other at the 99% confidence level. The cluster analysis classified B, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, E.C. and pH as anthropogenic in origin and Mn and dissolved oxygen from mixed (anthropogenic and lithogenic) sources. Since the landfill site is unstable and continuously leaches contaminants into the soils and groundwater, there is an urgent need to manage the site, and regular monitoring of surrounding groundwater is recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical and microbiological characterization and of hospital wastewater in Tanzania","authors":"Petro Karungamye ,&nbsp;Anita Rugaika ,&nbsp;Kelvin Mtei ,&nbsp;Revocatus Machunda","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the complex composition of hospital wastewater and the high risk of initiating disease outbreaks, comprehensive monitoring and treatment of hospital wastewater are required to prevent social and environmental consequences. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of wastewater from the Benjamin Mkapa Hospital in Dodoma Tanzania. The wastewater from this hospital is treated in a horizontal flow Constructed Wetland (CW) planted with <em>Typha latifolia</em> before being discharged into the environments. Wastewater samples were collected at the CW inlet and outlet from 02nd May 2022 to 25th July 2022. The results shows that the effluent discharged had pH 7.48 ± 0.63, electrical conductivity 2441 ± 623 µS/cm, Total dissolved solids 1305.5 ± 396 mg/L, Total suspended solids 49.17 ± 53.11 mg/L, Turbidity 9.1 ± 14.83 NTU, COD 170.4 ± 40.6 mg/L, BOD₅ 74.8 ± 33.5 mg/L, NO₃-N 45.4 ± 39.97 mg/L and PO₄-P 4.52 ± 2.30 mg/L. The CW removed TSS by 82% and turbidity 94%. COD, BOD and NO₃-N were removed by 48%, 47% and 58% respectively. <em>E. coli</em> concentration in effluent samples ranged from 1.1 × 10¹ CFU/mL to 1.1 × 10² CFU/mL with an average of 1.77logCFU/mL. Average BOD₅/COD ratio was 0.5 and 0.4 for influent and effluent respectively. The effluent contained higher levels of EC, TDS, and PO₄-P than the influent. According to the findings of this study, most of the parameters of wastewater effluent discharged wasn't within the effluent discharge standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enterobacter species Distribution, emerging virulence and multiple antibiotic resistance dynamics in effluents: A countrified spread-hub and implications of abattior release","authors":"Rashidat B. Maikalu ,&nbsp;Bright E. Igere ,&nbsp;Emmanuel E.O. Odjadjare","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Abattoirs operations are adjudged as social service that impact the business development/financial status of societies however, it’s release have been implicated as emerging environmental contaminant. Coincidentially, reports on the spread of multiple antibiotics resistant (MAR) potential enterobacteriaceae from abattoir release continues to undulate with some ambiguity. This study determines the Enterobacter species distribution, emerging virulence and multiple antibiotic resistance dynamics in effluents: a countrified spread-hub and implications of abattior release. Using both standard microbiological/molecular biology techniques, abattoir effluent released into the receiving river at Ikpoba-Oha community, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria was collected at catchment points. A six-weekly grab (once-off) sample was collected between February and April 2019 from Point Source (PS), Confluent Point (CP), 500 m Upstream (UP) and 500 m Downstream (DS) of CP for microbiological and molecular biology processing. Our result revealed that the bacterial density and total heterotrophic count in PS were significantly (p &lt; 0.01) higher than those recorded in UP and DS. The morphological, biochemical and phenotypic characteristics of the presumptive isolates reveals eight <em>Enterobacter</em> spp. with phenotypic virulence determinants including β- heamolysis, gelatinase production, biofilm formation etc amongst isolates. The 16S rRNA gene PCR detection and partial gene sequencing confirmed two strains of <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> which are deposited as <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> BIU RASH1 and <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> BIU RASH7 with genebank ascension numbers of MN577420 and MN581680. These strains antibiotic susceptibility testing reports showed MAR phenotypes on antibiotics ranging from fluoroquinolone, β-lactam, cephalosporin, tetracycline etc, and MAR-index of 0.82. Such observations amongst abattoir effluents isolates implicates abattoir as potential pathogen distribution hub if adequate control steps are not instituted in affected communities. There is therefore need to ensure that wastes from abattoirs are adequately treated to eliminate potential pathogens before discharge into the environmental water resources to prevent potential public health concerns associated with such release.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of stress tolerance index for screening of multiple abiotic stress tolerant genotype and determination of reliable trait in Cicer arieitnum L.","authors":"Ravneet kaur ,&nbsp;Harleen kaur ,&nbsp;Swapnil Singh ,&nbsp;Neetu Jagota ,&nbsp;Shayla Bindra ,&nbsp;Ashish Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the major problems affecting agricultural productivity is high soil salt content that causes increased reactive oxygen species production affecting membrane stability and cell metabolism. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous persistent hydrocarbons comprising two or more fused benzene rings that severely affect plant growth. The study was carried out to screen genotypes of chickpea (<em>Cicer arietinum</em> L.) based on responses to the presence of different concentrations of NaCl, Phenanthrene, and a combination of both NaCl and Phenanthrene, which is the first report of chickpea growth under combination of NaCl and Phenanthrene. Four Chickpea genotypes were grown under three concentrations of NaCl and Phenanthrene respectively and combinations of both NaCl and Phenanthrene. A 21 day <em>in-vitro</em> experiment comprised of growing chickpea in petriplates and growth pouches. Morphological parameters were recorded to differentiate susceptible and tolerant genotypes based on the Stress Tolerance Index. MFV was calculated to further evaluate genotypes under different stress conditions. Results revealed that GPF2 and PBG7 have highest and least STI values respectively hence, GPF2 and PBG7 was tolerant and sensitive genotypes respectively towards the individual and combined effect of NaCl and Phenenathrene. Linear regression analysis revealed that root length can be the reliable trait to study the effect of salt stress on chickpea genotypes while GI can be used as reliable trait to study the effect of Phenanthrene stress and combined stress on chickpea genotypes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil erosion and sediment yield modeling in a tropical mountain watershed of the southern Western Ghats, India using RUSLE and Geospatial tools","authors":"A.L. Achu ,&nbsp;Jobin Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of comprehensive soil conservation strategies, based on the soil erosion risk, is one of the critical components of sustainable river basin management, especially in tropical mountainous regions. The present study computes the spatially distributed longtime average annual soil loss (A) and sediment yield (SY) and prioritizes the soil erosion risk in a tropical mountain river basin. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the sediment delivery distributed model (SEDD) models were coupled in the GIS environment to predict the intra-basin variability of the A and SY of the Karimpuzha River Basin (KRB) of the southern Western Ghats (in Kerala, India). The results indicate that, on an average basis, 9.3 t of soil has been eroded per hectare per year, whereas the SY is 6.3 t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹ (i.e., approximately two-thirds of the gross soil erosion). The SY of the majority (74.2%) of the basin area is low (i.e., ≤5.0 t ha⁻¹ y⁻¹), whereas the soil erosion and transport processes are a major concern in some areas (ca. 6.3 km²). The results imply the significance of land use/land cover, rainfall, and topography in controlling the soil erosion risk of the basin. The study demonstrates the advantages of the delineation of the critical erosion areas, based on the hydrologic response units (HRUs) of the basin, to implement appropriate soil erosion management options for conservation of the soil resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49757135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on systematic generation of antibiotic resistance with special emphasis on modern antibiotics","authors":"Kavya I.K ,&nbsp;Nikita Kochhar ,&nbsp;Anshika Ghosh ,&nbsp;Shrashti Shrivastava ,&nbsp;Varunendra Singh Rawat ,&nbsp;Soma Mondal Ghorai ,&nbsp;Kushneet Kaur Sodhi ,&nbsp;Anina James ,&nbsp;Mohit Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Antibiotics, considered a “wonder medication” in the 20th century, have been exploited to such an extent that bacteria have developed resistance against them giving rise to highly resistant superbugs, which are able to survive in the presence of a medicine that is designed to stop them from growing. The study elucidates the classification and molecular mechanisms of resistance methods employed by bacteria against different generations of antibiotics with their classes, examples and resistant strains. The overuse, misuse and underuse of several antibiotic classes and their improper disposal/treatment in various industries including agriculture, poultry, veterinary and healthcare has led to the generation of antibiotic resistance in many species of bacteria at a higher rate. The causes, drivers, consequences, and the environmental impact of antibiotic resistance also addressed. This is a major global concern amid the recent rise in infectious diseases caused by antibiotic resistant bacterial pathogens and calls for effective, newer generations of antibiotics and better alternative treatments. If we fail to combat antibiotic resistance, death tolls due to small infections would rise which would further lead to social, economic, environmental and medical losses. This paper highlights the pressing need to curb the overuse of antibiotics to prevent antibiotic resistance, advocates for regulation, awareness programs about AMR and the barriers to further discovery.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential role of Pseudomonas fluorescens c50 and Sphingobium yanoikuyae HAU in enhancing bioremediation of persistent herbicide atrazine and its toxic metabolites from contaminated soil","authors":"Anil Duhan ,&nbsp;Priyanka Bhatti ,&nbsp;Ajay Pal ,&nbsp;Jagdish Parshad ,&nbsp;Ravi Kumar Beniwal ,&nbsp;Deepika Verma ,&nbsp;Dharam Bir Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research aimed to decipher the potential utility of <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> strain c50 and <em>Sphingobium yanoikuyae</em> strain HAU in biodegradation and the mechanism of biochemical events occurring during the metabolic route of the herbicide atrazine. The bacterial strains c50 and HAU were isolated and identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as <em>P. fluorescens</em> (accession no. OM838401) and <em>S. yanoikuyae</em> (accession no. OM830303), respectively. Both strains could survive in a concentration as high as 200 µg/mL of AT. Desethyl atrazine (DEA), desisopropyl atrazine (DIA), and desethylhydroxy atrazine (DEHA) were three critical metabolites produced during catabolism and quantified using GC–MS/MS. In culture medium, both strains effectively removed AT and its metabolites within 30 d with half-lives ranging from 2 to 9.9 d. Strain c50 performed better than HAU in rapid removal of AT and metabolites. In natural soil without microbial treatment, AT, DEA, DIA and DEHA persisted for 120, 90, 60 and 90 d, respectively with half-lives ranging from 12.1 to 26 d. Application of c50 and HAU accelerated degradation in soil. Persistence time of AT, DEA, DIA and DEHA was reduced to 25–30 d with half-lives ranging from 2.8 to 5.1 d. Strain HAU performed marginal better during biodegradation in soil. Performance of both the strains together was found at par. First-order dissipation kinetics was observed during biodegradation. Increase in microbial biomass carbon from 230 to 670 mg/kg soil indicated about initial surge (150 times) in bacterial population in treated soil and rapid biodegradation of contaminants using later as a food source. This study further revealed that identification of almost all major metabolites and intermediate products is possible using GC–MS/MS. However, reliable quantification of only DEA, DIA, and DEHA is possible without derivatization. Both bacteria could provide eco-friendly alternatives for attenuation of these toxicants from the contaminated soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical evaluation of mud volcanic sediment and water in Northern Borneo: A baseline study","authors":"Jossiana binti Yussibnosh ,&nbsp;Prasanna Mohan Viswanathan ,&nbsp;Ninu Krishnan Modon Valappil","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A comprehensive geochemical investigation was carried out to characterise the sediment and water seeping out from mud volcano in Kampung Meritam, Limbang, northern Borneo. Chemical analysis included major oxides, trace metals, rare earth elements, and major ions. Interpretation of results reveals that the geochemical composition of sediment samples is originated from sedimentary provenance particularly Setap Shale, which is the dominant formation present in this region. The concentration of trace elements and major oxides were used to identify the origin and weathering nature of sediment. SiO₂ is the dominant major oxide present in the sediment samples with an average concentration of 58.24%. Whereas for trace metals, Ba is dominating with an average concentration of 263 ppm. Environmental pollution indices such as contamination factor, geoaccumulation index, and enrichment factor were used to assess the contamination level of mud volcanic sediments. Hydrochemistry of mud volcano suggests that the water is derived from ionic enriched solute, indicated by Na-Cl water type. The average concentration of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ is 987 mg/L and 10457.50 mg/L. The ionic ratios suggest that water–rock interaction including carbonate mineral dissolution is the predominant process that controls the water chemistry. Gibbs diagram shows that the water is influenced by the dissolution of evaporite minerals. Thermodynamic stability and saturation index were used to evaluate the mineral stability and saturation condition during weathering. Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were released into the water due to the reverse ion exchange process, which was supported by XRD results. Higher ionic strength and Log pCO₂ values suggest longer residence time of water in the aquifer matrix and therefore significant dissolution of enriched solute due to the intensive water–rock interaction. The outcome of this study would provide the basis for a better understanding on the geochemical characteristics of Meritam mud volcano in Northern Borneo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of treated sewage or wastewater as an irrigation water for agricultural purposes- Environmental, health, and economic impacts","authors":"Soma Mishra ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Manish Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.totert.2023.100051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.totert.2023.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reusing sewage water for crop irrigation becomes necessary due to freshwater scarcity, and groundwater depletion. Although the suitability of using treated sewage for crop irrigation remains a topic of argument among government authorities and policymakers. In light of this, this review article summarizes the present global situation and techniques for recycling and application of treated sewage water in agriculture. This paper highlights the environmental, health, and economic impacts of using wastewater as crop irrigation water, along with the advantages and disadvantages are carefully considered. The main objective of this study is to present a global scenario of treated wastewater being used to irrigate agricultural crops, along with the hazards associated with soil fertility, crop production, public health, and economic factors. This study compiled information on the best sewage treatment for agricultural irrigation disinfection practices. Eventually, database of laws and rules governing the use of sewage or wastewater in agricultural irrigation techniques for many countries throughout the world was created. As an environmental impact, effects on water bodies, quality of agricultural soil, microbial communities of soil, and growth of plants have been summarized. For the impact on public health, significant emphasis was given to the exposure to pathogens and heavy metals for both farmers and consumers. The potential risks of utilizing sewage water for human consumption have also been summarised. Focusing on summarizing economic impact involves financial investment and benefits to sewage treatment plants and farmers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":101255,"journal":{"name":"Total Environment Research Themes","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}